高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市石景山2023-2024學年高二上學期期末考試英語試題第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、Ｄ四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Justfivemonthsearlier,IwouldneverhavethoughtthatIwouldactinaplayinfrontofsomanypeople.Withouttheencouragementofmyteacher,Mrs.Sather,Imightneverhavefoundthatcourage.Iwasanextremely_____1_____girl.Itjustwasn’tinmypersonalitytomakeasoundinpublic.Iusedtohidemyselfinmywriting.Mrs.Satheralsoencouragedmetowritemore.Ithinkshewasoneofthefirstpeopletoseemyreal____2____andknowhowtohelpme.Oneday,shetoldusthatweweregoingto____3____aplayTheWizardofOz.“IneedsomeonetoplaytheleadpartofDorothy,”shesaid.Alotofhandsshotup.Mine,ofcourse,wasnotoneofthem.Afterschool,Mrs.Sathersaidtome,“Dallas,Iwas___4___youdidn’traiseyourhand.You’regreatatmemorizingthings,andyouhavesuchasweetpersonality.I’msureyouare____5____forDorothy!IhaveyouinmindforDorothyandwantyoutowritetheplaytoo!Ifyoureallydon’twantto,though,Iwon’tmakeyou.It’syour_____6_____.”Encouragedbyher____7____,IsuddenlywantedtoseewhatIreallycoulddo.I____8____therole.Afterfivemonthsofpracticing,wewereready.Attheendoftheplay,whenmyteacherandmyclassmatesstoodupand____9____,Iknewtheywerenotjustcongratulatingformyperformancethatnight,butforthesuccessthattheyknewwouldcomeinlateryearsbecauseofmynewlyfound______10______.1.A.shy B.weak C.clever D.pretty2.A.problem B.goal C.challenge D.advantage3.A.puton B.makeup C.putup D.focuson4.A.excited B.satisfied C.afraid D.surprised5.A.anxious B.sorry C.perfect D.ready6.A.turn B.choice C.luck D.responsibility7.A.words B.stories C.adventures D.lectures8.A.created B.played C.accepted D.remembered9.A.left B.struggled C.cried D.cheered10.A.skill B.confidence C.interest D.hobby〖答案〗1.A2.D3.A4.D5.C6.B7.A8.B9.D10.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述害羞的作者達拉斯（Dallas）在老師薩瑟夫人（Mrs.Sather）的鼓勵下，勇敢地出演了一部劇，并找到了自信。【1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我是一個極度害羞的女孩。A.shy害羞的；B.weak弱的；C.clever聰明的；D.pretty漂亮的。根據下文“Itjustwasn’tinmypersonalitytomakeasoundinpublic.Iusedtohidemyselfinmywriting.”可知，作者出來不會在公共場合發(fā)出聲音，所以她應該是一個害羞的女孩。故選A?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想她是最早看到我真正優(yōu)勢并知道如何幫助我的人之一。A.problem問題；B.goal目標；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.advantage優(yōu)勢。根據上文“Iusedtohidemyselfinmywriting.”可知，作者喜歡寫作，所以寫作是作者的優(yōu)勢。故選D?！?題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：有一天，她告訴我們，我們要上演一部戲劇《綠野仙蹤》。A.puton上演；B.makeup化妝；C.putup張貼；D.focuson集中。根據下文“IneedsomeonetoplaytheleadpartofDorothy”可知，他們要表演一部劇。故選A?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：達拉斯，我很驚訝你沒有舉手。A.excited興奮的；B.satisfied滿意的；C.afraid擔心的；D.surprised吃驚的。根據下文“You’regreatatmemorizingthings,andyouhavesuchasweetpersonality.”可知，薩瑟夫人認為作者可以勝任這個角色，而作者自己卻沒有打算舉手報名，所以薩瑟夫人感到吃驚。故選D?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信你非常適合多蘿西！A.anxious緊張的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.perfect最佳的；D.ready準備好的。根據下文“IhaveyouinmindforDorothy”可知，薩瑟夫人認為作者是這個角色的最佳人選。故選C?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是你的選擇。A.turn翻轉；B.choice選擇；C.luck運氣；D.responsibility責任。根據上文“Ifyoureallydon’twantto,though,Iwon’tmakeyou.”可知，薩瑟夫人認為，如果作者真的不想出演，她不會強迫，意為這是作者自己的選擇。故選B?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在她的話的鼓勵下，我突然想看看我能做些什么。A.words話語；B.stories故事；C.adventures冒險；D.lectures課程。根據上文“Afterschool,Mrs.Sathersaidtome,“Dallas,Iwas______youdidn’traiseyourhand.You’regreatatmemorizingthings,andyouhavesuchasweetpersonality.I’msureyouare________forDorothy!IhaveyouinmindforDorothyandwantyoutowritetheplaytoo!Ifyoureallydon’twantto,though,Iwon’tmakeyou.It’syour__________.””可知，是這些話鼓舞了作者去參加演出。故選A?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我扮演了這個角色。A.created創(chuàng)造；B.played扮演；C.accepted接受；D.remembered記得。根據下文“Iknewtheywerenotjustcongratulatingformyperformancethatnight,”可知，作者最后愿意扮演多蘿西這個角色。故選B?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：演出結束時，當我的老師和同學們站起來歡呼時，我知道他們不僅僅是在祝賀我當晚的表現(xiàn)，而是因為我新找到的自信，他們知道以后會取得成功。A.left離開；B.struggled掙扎；C.cried哭；D.cheered歡呼。根據下文“theywerenotjustcongratulatingformyperformancethatnight,butforthesuccess”可知，作者的演出很成功，所以老師和同學們都站起來為她歡呼祝賀。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：見第9題詳析。A.skill技能；B.confidence自信；C.interest興趣；D.hobby愛好。根據上文“Iwasanextremely_________girl.”和“becauseofmynewlyfound”可知，作者以前是一個很害羞的女孩，而現(xiàn)在卻能夠在大眾面前成功扮演角色，所以她應該是找到了自信。故選B。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。A閱讀短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热莼蚶ㄌ杻葐卧~的正確形式。Twofirefighters____11____(wait)inlineatafastfoodrestaurantwhenthesiren(警報器)soundedontheirfireengineoutside.Astheyturnedtoleaveacouplewhohadreceivedtheirorderamomentago____12____(hand)theirfoodtothefirefighters.Thecouplethengotbackinlinetoreorder.Toappreciatetheirselflessactasareward,themanagerrefused____13____(take)thecouple’smoney.〖答案〗11.werewaiting12.handed13.totake【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述兩個消防員在快餐店等著買事物的時候，突然警報器響了。就在他們要離開的時候，一對夫妻把手里剛剛拿到的食物送給了他們。店主為了獎勵他們，免費給他們提供了新的食物?！?1題詳析】考查謂語動詞。句意：兩名消防員正在一家快餐店排隊等候的時候，突然外面的消防車響起警笛聲。根據句子結構和意思可知，這里描述的是過去正在進行的事情，句子時態(tài)用過去進行時。主語是Twofirefighters，be動詞用were。故填werewaiting?！?2題詳析】考查謂語動詞。句意：當他們轉身離開時，一對剛剛收到訂單的夫婦將食物遞給了消防員。根據時間狀語從句中的turned可知，這句話描述的是過去的事情，句子時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處是謂語動詞，用過去式。故填handed?！?3題詳析】考查動詞短語。句意：為了感謝他們無私的行為作為獎勵，經理拒絕了他們的錢。根據句子結構和意思可知，這里考查動詞短語refusetodo，意為“拒絕做某事”。故填totake。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Everythinghappensforareason.Nothinghappensbychanceorbymeansofgoodluck.Injury,___14___(ill),love,andlostmomentsoftruegreatnessalloccurtotestthelimitsofyoursoul.___15___thesesmalltests,lifewouldbelikeastraightflatroadtonowhere.Itwouldbesafeandcomfortable,___16___dullandcompletelypointless.Thesuccessanddownfallyouexperiencehelpstocreatewhoyouareanddecide____17____yougo.〖答案〗14.illness15.Without16.but/yet17.where【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。萬事皆有因，生活中除了幸運快樂之外還有傷害、疾病和失去，這些考驗使生活更有意義，幫助我們成長?！?4題詳析】考查名詞。句意：傷害、疾病、愛以及失去真正偉大的時刻都是對你靈魂極限的考驗。和Injury,love,lostmoments并列在句中做主語，用名詞。故填illness?！?5題詳析】考查介詞。句意：沒有這些小的考驗，生活就像一條沒有盡頭的筆直平坦的道路。根據句意，此處表示“沒有”，置于句首，首字母大寫。故填Without。【16題詳析】考查連詞。句意：它雖然安全舒適，但枯燥無味，毫無意義。前后句是轉折關系，故填but/yet?！?7題詳析】考查連接副詞。句意：你經歷的成功和失敗會幫助你塑造你自己，決定你要去哪里。動詞decide后是賓語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，故填where。C閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Somebullettrainsdon’trunontracksatall.Theyflyoverthem.They____18____(call)maglevbullettrains(磁懸浮高速列車)，andtheyusetwogroupsofmagnetstomove.Onegrouppushesthetrainsupandoffthetracksandtheothergrouppushesthetrainsforward,____19____makesthetrainsgomuchfasterandmakelessnoise,too.Theworld’s____20____(fast)trainnowisamaglevtraininChina.Ithasamaximumspeedof600kilometersperhour.〖答案〗18.arecalled19.which20.fastest【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了磁懸浮列車?！?8題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他們稱之為磁懸浮高速列車，他們使用兩組磁鐵來移動。主語they和謂語動詞call是被動關系，介紹事實用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填arecalled?！?9題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：一組把火車推離軌道，另一組把火車往前推，讓火車跑得更快，噪音也更小。指代前面一件事，用which引導非限制性定語從句，作主語。故填which?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞最高級。句意：現(xiàn)在世界上最快的列車是中國的磁懸浮列車。the后面加形容詞最高級。故填fastest。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AExperiencetheColoradoRivertheHualapaiWay!Since1973,HualapaiRiverRunnershasbeenconductingwhitewaterrafting(漂流)journeysontheColoradoRiver.OurexperiencedguidesexpertlysailalongtheriverandsharethehistoryoftheCanyonandtheHualapaipeoplewithyou.VisitorsexperiencetheexcitementofwhitewaterrapidsandthenstoptoenjoytheimpressivebeautyofTravertineFallsandatastylunch.Nochargeforchildrentwoyearsoldandunder.One-DayTripRetail$249.00+$79.00(helicopterandround-tripgroundtransportation)WhitewaterraftingtoursbegininPeachSprings.HualapaiRiverRunnerstransportsyoutoDiamondCreek,whichisthestartingpointforthe37-mileraftingtour.Lunchisincludedanduponarrivalattheraftingtourterminationpoint,flyoutoftheGrandCanyonbyhelicoptertoGrandCanyonWest.Two-DayTripRetail$549.00+$79.00(helicopterandround-tripgroundtransportation)Two-dayraftingtripwithonenightontheColoradoRiverallowsmoretimetoexploreoneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld.Allsuppliesandmealsareincluded.ToursInclude：·Round-triptransportationfromPeachSpringstothestartingpointandfromtheterminationpointbacktoPeachSprings.·Snack,drinksandlunch(vegetarianmealsavailableuponrequest)·Waterproofdrybagsforstoringyourcameras,sunscreen,dryclothes,etcThehelicopterpartoftransportationisweatherpermitting.Ifthehelicoptertransportationiscancelledbecauseofbadweather,theraftwillcontinueanadditionaltwohourstoSouthCoveandamaximum$20.00percustomerwillbegivenback.SpecialWebsitebookingrate15%offraftinginJuly.Sobooknow!CallusTollFreeToday!Tel:1-888-868-937821.Wheredowhitewaterraftingtoursstart?A.GrandCanyon. B.DiamondCreek. C.TravertineFalls. D.GrandCanyonWest.22.Welearnfromthepassagethat.A.youwillget$20backifyouaredissatisfied B.HualapaiRiverRunnersprovidesdryclothesC.thetripisfreeofchargeforchildrenundertwo D.onlinebookinghasabetterofferallyearround23.WhatisincludedintheTwo-DayTrip?A.AhelicopterridetoGrandCanyonWest.B.A37-mileraftingtourstartinginPeachSpringsC.Single-tripgroundtransportationfromPeachSprings.D.OnenightontheColoradoRiverwithallsuppliesandmeals.24.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toattractpeopletothesights.B.ToexploretheHualapaiculture.C.Toexplainhowtomakearaftingtrip.D.TointroducethehistoryoftheColoradoRiver.〖答案〗21.B22.C23.D24.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，為HualapaiRiverRunners提供的科羅拉多河激流漂筏之旅做廣告?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據“One-DayTrip”下面的“HualapaiRiverRunnerstransportsyoutoDiamondCreek,whichisthestartingpointforthe37-mileraftingtour.(HualapaiRiverRunners將帶你前往鉆石溪，這里是37英里漂流之旅的起點。)”可知，激流漂筏的起點是鉆石溪。故選B?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“Nochargeforchildrentwoyearsoldandunder.(兩歲及以下兒童免費。)”可知，這項旅行對兩歲及以下的兒童免費。故選C。【23題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據“Two-DayTrip”下面的“Two-dayraftingtripwithonenightontheColoradoRiverallowsmoretimetoexploreoneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld.Allsuppliesandmealsareincluded.(為期兩天的漂流之旅，在科羅拉多河上度過一晚，讓你有更多的時間探索世界七大奇跡之一。包括所有用品和餐食。)”可知，兩日游套餐包括在科羅拉多河上住一晚以及所有用品和餐食。故選D?！?4題詳析】目的意圖題。根據文章標題“ExperiencetheColoradoRivertheHualapaiWay!(用Hualapai方式體驗科羅拉多河！)”以及文章末尾的“SpecialWebsitebookingrate15%offraftinginJuly.Sobooknow!(7月網站預訂漂流由15%的特別折扣。所以現(xiàn)在就預訂吧！)”并結合全文可推知，本文是一則廣告，介紹了HualapaiRiverRunners提供的科羅拉多河激流漂筏之旅，目的是吸引游客前來旅游。故選A。BMyHouseMymothermovedalotwhenshewasgrowinguponaccountofGrandpabeinginthearmy.Shehatedhavingtoadjusttonewschoolsandmakenewfriends.That’swhyIthoughtshewasjokingwhensheputforwardtheideaofmoving.Butshewascompletelyserious.“Forjustthetwoofus,”mymothersaid,“anapartmentinthecitywillsuitourneedsmuchbetter.”Personally,Ithinkshe’slosthermind.IguessIcanunderstandwhyshewouldwanttomove,butwhataboutmeandwhatthishousemeanstome?Isupposeifyoulookedatmyhouse,youmightthinkitwasjustanothercountryhouse.Buttomeitisanythingbutstandard.Imovedintothishousewithmyparentstenyearsago.Icanstillrememberthatfirstdaylikeitwasyesterday.ThefirstthingInoticedwasthebigfrontyard.Tomeitseemedlikeanoceanofgrass—Icouldn’twaittodivein.Thebackyardwasfullofgnarled(扭曲的，粗糙的)andscarytreesthattalkonwindynights.ButIgrewtolikethemandtheshadowstheycastinmyroom.MyfatherandIevenbuiltasmalltreehouse,whereIoftengotorememberallthewonderfultimeswehadbeforemyfather’sdeath.Thishouseisspecial—maybeonlytome—butspecialnevertheless.It’sthelittleseeminglyinsignificantthingsthatmakethishousesospecialtome:theice-coldtilefloorsthatmakemetrembleonmidnight;thesmellofmyfather’spipethatstillexists:thetoweringbookcasesofmymother;theviewoutsidemybedroomwindow.Thishouseholdstoomanymemories,memorieswhichwouldbelostifwegaveitup.25.Whydidtheauthor’smotherdecidetomove?A.Becauseshehatedthecountryside.B.BecauseGrandpawasonconstantmove.C.BecauseDad’sdeathmadeherlosehermind.D.Becauseshethoughtacityflatmorefitforthem.26.Whatimpressedtheauthorwhenshefirstmovedintothehouse?A.Thetreehouse. B.Thegreengrass. C.Thebigtrees. D.Thecoldfloors.27.Howdidtheauthorletusfeelthatthehousewasspecialtoher?A.Byarguingwhetherthehousewasstandard.B.Byexplainingwhythehousesuitedtheirneeds.C.Bydescribingthesmallthingsrelatedtoherhouse.D.Bycomparingthedifferencesbetweencountryandcitylife.〖答案〗25.D26.B27.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者農村的家對作者的特殊意義，這所房子承載了許多回憶，而她不想丟下這些回憶，所以不愿搬家?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“‘Forjustthetwoofus,’mymothersaid,‘anapartmentinthecitywillsuitourneedsmuchbetter.’(‘就我們兩個人而言，’我母親說，‘城市里的公寓會更適合我們的需求?！?”可知，因為作者的母親認為城市的一間公寓更加適合她們兩個，所以決定搬家。故選D。【26題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“ThefirstthingInoticedwasthebigfrontyard.Tomeitseemedlikeanoceanofgrass—Icouldn’twaittodivein.(我首先注意到的是大前院。對我來說，這就像一片草地的海洋——我迫不及待地想撲進去。)”可知，當作者最初搬進這所房子時，給她留下深刻印象的是前院的綠草地。故選B?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Icanstillrememberthatfirstdaylikeitwasyesterday.ThefirstthingInoticedwasthebigfrontyard.Tomeitseemedlikeanoceanofgrass—Icouldn’twaittodivein.Thebackyardwasfullofgnarled(扭曲的，粗糙的)andscarytreesthattalkonwindynights.ButIgrewtolikethemandtheshadowstheycastinmyroom.MyfatherandIevenbuiltasmalltreehouse,whereIoftengotorememberallthewonderfultimeswehadbeforemyfather’sdeath.(我還記得第一天，就像昨天一樣。我首先注意到的是大前院。對我來說，這就像一片草地的海洋——我迫不及待地想撲進去。后院里長滿了扭曲的可怕的樹，在刮風的夜晚它們會說話。但我漸漸喜歡上了它們和它們在我房間里投下的陰影。我父親和我甚至建了一個小樹屋，我經常去那里回憶父親去世前我們所有的美好時光。)”和第三段“Thishouseisspecial—maybeonlytome—butspecialnevertheless.It’sthelittleseeminglyinsignificantthingsthatmakethishousesospecialtome:theice-coldtilefloorsthatmakemetrembleonmidnight;thesmellofmyfather’spipethatstillexists:thetoweringbookcasesofmymother;theviewoutsidemybedroomwindow.(這所房子很特別——也許只對我來說——但無論如何都很特別。正是那些看似微不足道的小事讓這所房子對我來說如此特別：冰冷的瓷磚地板讓我在午夜顫抖；我父親煙斗的味道仍然存在：我母親高聳的書架；我臥室窗外的景色。)”可推測出，作者通過描述與房子有關的小事來展現(xiàn)出作者對房子的特別情感。故選C。CThereexistcruelwars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,soit’snotonlynecessary,butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpustidethroughdifficulttimesinourlives.Puttingasmileonsomeone’sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdepressed,asthesayinggoes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-worker,neighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon’tknowthepersonI’mjokingaroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjobanyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesy(禮貌)tospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.Iknowofafewpeoplethatdon’thaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheysay.Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.Theydon’tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.Iambustingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace.Howcanpeoplenotgetareallyfunnyjoke?Laughingisessentialtokeepingyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.28.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepresentworld?A.Positive. B.Satisfied. C.Critical. D.Indifferent.29.Theauthoranswersthequestioninthesecondparagraphwith.A.evidenceandargument B.opinionsandpersuasionC.examplesandconclusion D.descriptionsandanalysis30.Thephrase“bustingagut”underlinedinParagraph3canbereplacedby.A.speakingloudly B.laughinghardC.actingstrangely D.explainingcarefully31.Inwritingthepassage,theauthormainlyintendsto.A.talkabouthisownunderstandingofhumorB.introduceapracticalwaytogetthroughdailylifeC.encouragepeopletomakejokesaboutseriousmattersD.convincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimisticaboutlife〖答案〗28.C29.A30.B31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文，主要講的是幽默和笑的重要性?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Thereexistcruelwars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday(當今世界存在著殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗和悲傷)”可知，作者對當今世界持批評的態(tài)度，故選C。【29題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon’tknowthepersonI’mjokingaroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjobanyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesy(禮貌)tospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.(我總是說一些讓別人微笑或大笑的話，即使我不知道和我開玩笑的人是誰。我奶奶總是在她做的每件事中找到幽默，即使那是任何人能想象到的最困難的工作。這不僅在任何情況下都能緩解壓力，而且對你周圍的人說話也是一種禮貌。)”可知，第二段用證據來說明幽默的好處，因此是通過證據與論證來回答第二段的問題，故選A。【30題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據倒數(shù)第二段“Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.Theydon’tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.(他們周圍的每個人都可能在聽到一個很棒的笑話后在地板上打滾，他們會坐在那里，臉上沒有一絲微笑。他們聽不懂讓別人發(fā)笑的笑話。)”和“whiletheyjustsitthere(而他們只是坐在那里)”可知，作者聽到笑話會笑得很厲害，劃線短語bustingagut的意思是“大笑”。故選B。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段“Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.(我們都需要找到一種方法來繞過悲傷，給我們的生活帶來一點光明。所以，我相信我們最好的藥是聚在一起，講一些笑話，一起笑得開心。)”可知，本文作者給大家論述了幽默和笑的重要性，因此目的是讓人們相信對生活保持樂觀的力量。故選D。DArelationshipbetweentheamountofadultspeechchildrenareexposedtoandtheconcentrationofmyelin,asubstanceinthebrain,hasbeenfound,researcherssay.“Ithinkthetake-homemessageis,absolutelytalkingtoyourkids.It’sliterallyshapingthestructureofthebran,”saystheleadauthor,ProfJohnP.SpenceroftheUniversityofEastAnglia.Theteamfind,forthe30-month-olds,largeramountsofadultspeechareassociatedwithhigherquantitiesofmyelininlanguage-relatedpathwaysinthebrain;however,forthe6-month-olds,itgoestheoppositeway.Whilethelatterisunexpected,Spencerpointsoutonepossiblefactor:thebrain’sstageofdevelopment.“Whenbabiesaresixmonthsold,theyexperiencemassivegrowthofnewnervecells,”hesays.“Sotheinputcomesinandmayhelpextendtheperiodofbraingrowth.”“Whileat30months,thebrainstartstocutbacksomeofthecellgrowth,andformspecificconnections.That’swheremyelincomesin.Sonowtheinputstartstohelpstructurethemyelin,”headds.Theresearchersconcludeadultspeechissignificantforbothagegroupsandthatthemoreadultspeechchildrengothrough,themoresensitivetheywillbetolanguage.Thenextstepforthemistofigureoutwhetherthe6-month-oldbabiesshowingthatnegativeconnectionwillsurelytuminto30-month-oldkidswhoshowpositiverelationship.Dr.SaloniKrishnan,Readerincognitiveneuroscience(認知神經科學)atRoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon,whoisnotinvolvedinthework,however,notesindividualdifferencesinlanguageabilityarelinkedtogenetics.“Childrenwhoareexposedtomorelanguageathomeandhavehighermyelinationwillalsohaveinheritedgenes(經遺傳獲得的基因)fromparentswhoaremoreexcellentinlanguages,”shesaid.“Nofinalconclusioncouldbemadebeforethispotentialgeneticeffectaretested.Andyettherebeingcurrentlynostandardaroundtheamountofinputchildrenshouldreceive,caregiversshouldnotnecessarilyfeelpressuretotalkmoretotheirchildren.”32.Whatsurprisestheteam?A.Thefindingforthe6-month-olds.B.Thefindingforthe30-month-olds.C.Howtheinputhelpnervecellsgrow.D.Howtheinputhelpstructurethemyelin.33.Whatdoestheresearchersthinkofadultspeech?A.Itispositivelyrelatedtomyelin.B.Itcutsbacksomeofthecellgrowth.C.Itseffectvarieswiththesizeofbrains.D.Itishelpfulforbothgroups’languageability34.WhatmightDr.SaloniKrishnanapproveof?A.Theteamshoulddomoreresearch.B.Parentsmusttalkmoretotheirkids.C.Inheritedgenesdecidelanguageability.D.Theconcentrationofmyelinmakesnosense.〖答案〗32.A33.D34.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要介紹了一個研究團隊的發(fā)現(xiàn)（多跟孩子交流有助于孩子的大腦發(fā)育，尤其是語言方面）和其他專家就該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表的言論?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Theteamfind,forthe30-month-olds,largeramountsofadultspeechareassociatedwithhigherquantitiesofmyelininlanguage-relatedpathwaysinthebrain;however,forthe6-month-olds,itgoestheoppositeway.(研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于30個月大的嬰兒來說，更多的成人語言與大腦中語言相關通路中更多的髓磷脂有關;然而，對于6個月大的嬰兒來說，情況正好相反)”以及第四段“Whilethelatter(后者)isunexpected,Spencerpointsoutonepossiblefactor:thebrain’sstageofdevelopment.(雖然后者出乎意料，但斯賓塞指出了一個可能的因素:大腦的發(fā)育階段)”可知，使這個研究團隊吃驚的是第三段中提到的對六個月大的嬰兒的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選A項。【33題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段第一句“Theresearchersconcludeadultspeechissignificantforbothagegroupsandthatthemoreadultspeechchildrengothrough,themoresensitivetheywillbetolanguage(研究人員得出結論，成人語言對兩個年齡段的人都很重要，孩子們說的成人語言越多，他們對語言就越敏感)”可知，研究人員得出結論：父母的言語對六個月大和三十個月大的孩子都很重要；并且孩子所接收的父母的言語越多，孩子們日后對語言就會越敏感，故選D項?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句““Nofinalconclusioncouldbemadebeforethispotentialgeneticeffectaretested.Andyettherebeingcurrentlynostandardaroundtheamountofinputchildrenshouldreceive,caregiversshouldnotnecessarilyfeelpressuretotalkmoretotheirchildren.”(“在測試這種潛在的遺傳效應之前，無法得出最終結論。然而，目前還沒有關于孩子應該接受多少信息的標準，照顧者不必感到壓力，要和孩子多說話?！?”可知，Dr.SaloniKrishnan認為在潛在的基因方面的影響被測定之前，不能斷言“父母多跟孩子交流會提高孩子的語言能力”，即這個研究團隊需要做進一步的研究，故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyoufeeldepressed(消沉的),it’sbesttodosomethingaboutit—depressiondoesn’tjustgoawayonitsown.Inadditiontogettinghelpfromadoctor,herearefourthingsyoucandotofeelbetter.Exercise.Takea15-to-30-minutewalkeveryday—ordanceandbikeifyouprefer.___35___Butmakeyourselfdoitanyway.Onceyougetintheexercisehabit,itwon’ttakelongtonoticeadifferenceinyourmood.Provideyourselfwithgoodnutrition.Depressioncanaffectappetite(食欲).Onepersonmaynotfeellikeeatingatall,butanothermightovereat.___36___Soeatplentyoffruitsandvegetablesandgetregularmeals(evenifyoudon’tfeelhungry,trytoeatsomethinglight,likeapieceoffruit,tokeepyougoing).Findouttroubles.___37___Whenyouknowwhat’sgotyoufeelingblueandwhy,talkaboutitwithacaringfriend.Talkingisawaytoreceivesomeunderstanding.Ifthere’snoonetotell,pouringyourheartouttoajournalworksjustaswell.___38___Depressionaffectsaperson’sthoughts,makingeverythingseemunhappyandhopeless.Ifdepressionhasyounoticingonlythenegative,makeanefforttonoticethegoodthingsinlife.Trytonoticeonething,andthentrytothinkofonemore.Consideryourstrengthsorgifts.Mostofall,don’tforgettobepatientwithyourself.___39___A.Lookonthebrightside.B.Takeactiontosolveproblems.C.Depressiontakestimetoheal.D.Propernutritioncanaffectaperson’smoodandenergy.E.Peoplewhoaredepressedmaynotfeelmuchlikebeingactive.F.Trytomakeoutanysituationsthathavecontributedtoyourdepression.G.Withdepression,aperson’screativityandsenseoffunmayseemblocked.〖答案〗35.E36.D37.F38.A39.C【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹緩解心情低落的方法：經常鍛煉，為自己提供良好的營養(yǎng)，找出麻煩和問題，這樣能讓自己的心情好起來。【35題詳析】根據下文Butmakeyourselfdoitanyway.（盡管如此，還是讓你自己去做吧）可知，此處與之形成轉折關系。由此可知，E項Peoplewhoaredepressedmaynotfeelmuchlikebeingactive.（抑郁的人可能不太想活動）符合文意。故選E?！?6題詳析】根據上文Provideyourselfwithgoodnutrition.（給自己提供好的營養(yǎng)）可知，此處與nutrition“營養(yǎng)”有關。由此可知，D項Propernutritioncanaffectaperson’smoodandenergy.（適當?shù)臓I養(yǎng)可以影響一個人的情緒和能量）符合文意。故選D?！?7題詳析】根據上文Findouttroubles.（找出問題）可知，此處指找出問題所在。由此可知，F(xiàn)項Trytomakeoutanysituationsthathavecontributedtoyourdepression.（試著找出任何導致你抑郁的情況）符合文意。故選F?！?8題詳析】根據下文Ifdepressionhasyounoticingonlythenegative,makeanefforttonoticethegoodthingsinlife.（如果抑郁讓你只注意到消極的一面，那就努力去發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中好的一面）可知，此處指要看到事物積極的一面。由此可知，A項Lookonthebrightside.（往好的方面想）符合文意。故選A。【39題詳析】根據上文Mostofall,don’tforgettobepatientwithyourself.（最重要的是，不要忘記對自己有耐心）可知，此處指排除壓抑情緒需要一段時間。由此可知，C項Depressiontakestimetoheal.（抑郁癥需要時間來治愈）符合文意。故選C?！尽狐c石成金』】七選五題型主要考查上下文的理解與推斷，雖然文章整體難度一般低于閱讀理解，但是卻給很多同學造成了很大的心理障礙。七個選項中選五個，比四個選項中選一個，感覺干擾性更大，很大同學在做這個題目時，總有一種眼花繚亂、心煩氣躁的感覺，致使往往正確率不高。在這里提醒同學們，首先要克服心理障礙，同時要注意方式方法。其次，注意設空前后的句子，因為這些句子之間是順承和聯(lián)系的，所有一定要聯(lián)系和理解上下文的語境。如第4小題，根據下文Ifdepressionhasyounoticingonlythenegative,makeanefforttonoticethegoodthingsinlife.（如果抑郁讓你只注意到消極的一面，那就努力去發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中好的一面）可知，此處指要看到事物積極的一面。由此可知，A項Lookonthebrightside.（往好的方面想）符合文意。故選A。第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第1—2題每小題2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容在答題卡相應題號后的橫線上寫下相關信息，完成對該問題的回答。Peoplefromdifferentgenerationsoftenliveandworktogether.Sometimesthey’rehappybeingtogether,othertimesthey’renot.Oneofthereasonsfortheirunhappinessmaybeagenerationgap.Agenerationgapisthedifferencebetweentwoormoregenerations—notthedifferencesbetweentheiryearsbutthedifferencesbetweenthegenerations’ideas,attitudes,andinterests.Ofcourse,peoplecanhavedifferencesandstillbehappytogether,butaccordingtotheexperts,communicationbetweenthegenerationshelpseveryonegetalong.Goodcommunicationbetweenthegenerationsstartsinthefamily.Thesedaysmanyfamiliesarechangingtheircommunicationstyle.Theyaremovingfroma“one-way”styletoa“two-way”styleofcommunication.Toshowthischange,let’scomparetwofamilies:TheSmithfamilyusesthe“one-way”styleofcommunication.Mr.andMrs.Smithshowinterestintheirchildren,buttheydon’tdiscussproblemsoffeelings.Theparentsmakealltherulesanddecisions.Theydon’taskfortheirchildren’sopinions.Theyexplaintheirdecisionstotheirchildren,buttheydon’tdiscussthem.Theexplanationisclearandthechildrenunderstand.Thecomm