考點(diǎn)01閱讀理解——20202021年高一英語專題同步精練學(xué)案：（1）貴州省思南中學(xué)20202021學(xué)年高一5月月考英語試題閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上寫出。AThere’snosubstitutefortakinganEnglishcourseinahighqualitylanguageschoolinanEnglishspeakingcountry.ESLloungeStudenthaspartneredwithsomeofthebestlanguageschoolsintheUK.Chooseaschoolfrombelow.WecanofferdiscountsonEnglishcourses!BurlingtonSchool,LondonBurlingtonSchoolislocatedinParsonsGreen,15minutesbyundergroundfromthecentreofLondon.Ourstandardofteachingishigh,withcourseinGeneralandSpecialistEnglish.Thecoffeebarisopenalldayservingfreshlycookedmeals,andtheschoolorganizesarangeofsocialactivitiestoplement(補(bǔ)充)theclasses.Studentsliveeitherinhomestaysorinoneofourhostels.SeeUniversityofYoucanhaveconfidenceintheUniversityofSeeUniversityofInteractiveEnglishSchool,BrightonWeareasmallfriendlyschool.Beingasmallschoolmeanswecancaterforyourindividualneedsmoreeasilythanlargerschoolscan.Allofourteachersarenativespeakers,qualifiedandexperienced.Ourpricesareveryaffordableandstartfrom￡60perweekforfulltimecoursesof20lessons.SeeNewSchoolofEnglish,CambridgeTheNewSchoolofEnglishislocatedinthebeautifulcityofCambridge.TheschoolisopenallyearandprovidesarangeofEnglishcoursesforadultsfromallovertheworld(minimumage16).ThesecoursescoverGeneralEnglishaswellascoursesforprofessionallookingtofocusonspecifictopicareas.Theyhavearangeofacmodationchoicesforstudents.SeeNewSchoolofEnglishcoursesandsave5%.1．WhatcanweknowaboutBurlingtonSchool?A．Itisopenallyear. B．ItislocatedinLondon.C．Itprovidesnoacmodation. D．Itoffersnosocialpracticeclasses.2．HowisNewSchoolofEnglishdifferentfromtheothers?A．Itsetsastrictagelimit.B．Itsacmodationisoptional.C．Itsteachersarequalifiedandexperienced.D．ItoffersGeneralandSpecialistEnglishcourses.3．Whowouldbeinterestedintheschools?A．Englishprofessors. B．NativeEnglishspeakers.C．ForeignEnglishlearners. D．StaffofESLloungeStudent.【答案】1．B2．A3．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)四所語言學(xué)校培訓(xùn)的相關(guān)信息。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中BurlingtonSchoolislocatedinParsonsGreen,15minutesbyundergroundfromthecentreofLondon.BurlingtonSchool位于帕森斯格林，從倫敦市中心乘地鐵15分鐘即可到達(dá)。由此可知，BurlingtonSchool位于倫敦。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。分析文章以及文章最后一段中TheschoolisopenallyearandprovidesarangeofEnglishcoursesforadultsfromallovertheworld(minimumage16).學(xué)校全年開放，為來自世界各地的成年人提供一系列英語課程(最低年齡16歲)。只有NewSchoolofEnglish對(duì)年齡有限制。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中There’snosubstitutefortakinganEnglishcourseinahighqualitylanguageschoolinanEnglishspeakingcountry.ESLloungeStudenthaspartneredwithsomeofthebestlanguageschoolsintheUK.在講英語的國(guó)家，在高質(zhì)量的語言學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語是不可替代的。ESLlounge學(xué)生與英國(guó)一些最好的語言學(xué)校合作。由此可知，外國(guó)英語學(xué)習(xí)者會(huì)對(duì)這些學(xué)校感興趣。故選C。BIfyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We’renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don’tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou’reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.4．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?A．Yourlifestyle. B．Yourlifevalue.C．Yourtroubleinlife. D．Yourlifeexperience.5．Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday?A．Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.B．Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C．Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D．Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.6．WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?A．Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B．Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C．Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D．Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B．Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C．Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D．People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.【答案】4．B5．C6．B7．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇論說文。本文以虛擬語氣的問句形式開頭，鼓勵(lì)人們奉獻(xiàn)自己的一些時(shí)間和精力去幫助別人，最窮人的生活將會(huì)變得更好。4．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.可知，夢(mèng)想著能讀懂別人心思，看穿墻，或者擁有超能力，這些可能聽起來很荒唐，但是實(shí)際上它是你生活的價(jià)值的核心。所以通過上下文語境可以判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“你的生活價(jià)值”故選B。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.可知每天在我們的工作中，我們會(huì)受到一些人的鼓舞，他們?cè)谧鲆恍┨貏e的事情來改善世界。所以故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don’tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou’reolder.可知，但是我們認(rèn)為，當(dāng)你把一些時(shí)間和精力投入到比自己更大的事情上時(shí)，你可以過上更有精力的的生活。找到一個(gè)你感興趣的問題并去了解更多。志愿者或者其它，如果可以的話，為一項(xiàng)事業(yè)捐一點(diǎn)錢。無論你做什么，不要做旁觀者。參與進(jìn)來。隨著你的成長(zhǎng)，你會(huì)為別人的生活帶來影響。所以判斷出作者在第五段強(qiáng)調(diào)，要提升自己，行動(dòng)起來幫助別人。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.可知，它改變了我們的身份，并繼續(xù)讓我們對(duì)未來幾年最貧困人口的生活狀況的將改善持樂觀態(tài)度。由此判斷出作者相信窮人的生活將會(huì)變得更好。故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理判斷題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對(duì)原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate等標(biāo)志性詞語。這種題型主要包括態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、文章出處判斷題和猜測(cè)想象推斷題等。比如第7小題就是推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.可知，它改變了我們的身份，并繼續(xù)讓我們對(duì)未來幾年最貧困人口的生活狀況的將改善持樂觀態(tài)度。由此判斷出作者相信窮人的生活將會(huì)變得更好。故選A。CMother’sDayisatimeofmemoryandcelebrationforMom.TheearliestMother’sDaycelebrationsdatebacktoancientGreeceinhonourofRhea,theMotherofGods.Duringthe1600s,Englandcelebratedadaycalled“motheringSunday”.CelebratedonthefourthSundayofLent(四旬齋)，“motheringSunday”honouredthemothersEngland.DuringthetimemanyoftheEngland’spoorworkedasservantsforthewealthy.ASmostjobswerelocatedfarfromtheirhomes,theservantswouldliveatthehousesoftheiremployers.OnMotheringSunday,theservantswouldhavethedayoffandwereencouragedtoreturnhomeandspendthedaywiththeirmothers.Aspecialcake,calledthemotheringcake,wasoftenbroughtalong.AsChristianity(基督教)spreadthroughoutEurope,thecelebrationchangedtohonourthe“MotherChurch”thespiritualpowerthatgavethemlifeandprotectedthemfromharm.OvertimethechurchfestivalbinedwithmotheringSundaycelebration.Peoplebeganhonouringtheirmothersaswellasthechurch.IntheUnitedStatesMother’sDaywasfirstsuggestedin1872byJuliaWardHoweasadaydevotedtopeace.Thenin1907AnaJarvis,fromPhiladelphia,beganacampaign(運(yùn)動(dòng))toestablishanationalMother’sDay.MsJarvispersuadedhermother’schurchinGrafton,VirginiatocelebrateMother’sDayonthesecondanniversaryofhermother’sdeath,the2nddaySundayofMay.BythenextyearMother’sDaywasalsocelebratedinMsJarvisandhersupportersbegantowritetoministers,businessmen,andpoliticiansdemandingtoestablishanationalMother’sDay.Itwassuccessfulasby1911Mother’sDaywascelebratedinalmosteverystate.PresidentWoodrowWilson,in1914,madetheofficialannouncementthatMother’sDaywasanationalholidayanditwastobeheldeachyearonthe2ndSundayofMay.WhilemanycountriesoftheworldcelebratetheirownMother’sDayatdifferenttimesthroughouttheyear,therearesomecountriessuchasDenmark,Finland,Italy,Turkey,Australia,andBelgiumwhichalsocelebrateMother’sDayonthe2ndSundayofMay.8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthefirstparagraph?A．Toraisequestions. B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tointerestreaders. D．Tosolveproblems.9．TheearliestMother’sDaywascelebratedto___________.A．markthebirthofGreece B．preparefortheautumnharvestC．honourtheMotherofGods D．honourthemothersofEngland10．Thefourthandfifthparagraphsmainlytalkabout___________.A．thefeastofMother’sDayintheU.S.B．theoriginofMother’sDayintheU.S.C．thedevelopmentofMother’sDayintheU.S.D．thecelebrationofMother’sDayintheU.S.11．Thepassageisintendedto______________.A．givereaderssomeinformation B．persuadereadersC．reportastory D．a(chǎn)musereaders【答案】8．B9．C10．B11．A【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。主要介紹母親節(jié)的來歷及慶祝方式。8．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者寫第一段的目的就是為了引入本文的主題：母親節(jié)。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“TheearliestMother’sDaycelebrationsdatebacktoancientGreeceinhonourofRhea,theMotherofGods.”，可知，最早的母親節(jié)慶祝活動(dòng)可以追溯到古希臘，以紀(jì)念眾神之母瑞亞。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段和第五段的內(nèi)容可知，在美國(guó)，母親節(jié)是JuliaWardHowe在1872首次提出的，在1907，來自費(fèi)城的安娜賈維斯開始了一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)來建立一個(gè)全國(guó)性的母親節(jié)，第二年，費(fèi)城也慶祝了母親節(jié)。1914年總統(tǒng)正式宣布母親節(jié)是一個(gè)全國(guó)性的節(jié)日。由此可推斷出這兩段是講述美國(guó)母親節(jié)的由來，分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了母親節(jié)的來歷，是給讀者一些關(guān)于母親節(jié)的信息。分析選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)符合題意，故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】本篇閱讀理解中的第3小題是推理判斷題。推理判斷題要根據(jù)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，推斷出合理信息。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是說，要做到判斷有據(jù),推論有理,忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。如第3小題以第四和五段的內(nèi)容可推斷出正確的答案。DEducationofficialsandindustryexpertsaredebatingthefutureofonlinelearning.ThediscussionisimportantbecausehundredsofuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshaverecentlymovedclassesonlinebecauseofthespreadofthenovelcoronavirus（冠狀病毒）.ForAshaChoksi,theriseofInternetbasedoronlinestudyprogramshasledtomajorimprovementsinhighereducation.“It’sactuallygivenalotmorepowertostudentsintermsofhow,whenandwheretheylearn,”theheadofresearchforPearsonEducationsaid.Classesmeetonlinethroughvideoconferencing.Inthisway,studentsareabletomunicatewitheachotherandtheirprofessorsevenwhentheyarefarawayfromschool.However,recentresearchsuggeststhemajorityofcollegestudentsandprofessorspreferinpersoninstruction,becausetheyareconcernedthatpaniessupervising（監(jiān)管）onlinelearningprogramsarenotclearaboutthepoliciestheschoolshave.“Studentsseeinclasslecturesasopportunitiestoengagewithinstructors,peers,andcontent.”theresearcherswrote.Inpersonlearningisespeciallyimportantinfieldslikehealthcareandteaching.Onlineeducationcanneverreallytakeitsplace,saidStephanieHall,afellowwiththeindependentpolicyresearchgroupTheCenturyFoundation.“Studentsneedtoexperience...whatthey’relearningabout,readingaboutorhearingaboutintheclassroom.AndIdon’tknowyetthedegreetowhichtechnologycanfacilitatethat.”“Whenschoolsmakeagreementswithonlineprogrammanagerstoruntheironlineprograms,theyoftendonotmakeimportantinformationavailabletostudents,”Hallsaid.Thisincludeshowmuchcontrolthepanyhasoverthedesignoftheprogramorwhethertheteacherleadingtheclasseswasinvolvedintheirdesign.Inaddition,manycollegesanduniversitiesadvertiseonlineprogramsasalowcostopportunityforstudents.Butinsomecases,studentsattendinginpersonclassesgetfinancialaidandonlinestudentsdonot.12．WhatdoesChoksithinkoftheonlinestudyprograms?A．Theyofferstudentsmorechoicesinstudy.B．Theyreformthecountry’seducationsystem.C．Theyprovideadvancedscientificknowledge.D．Theypromotethedevelopmentoftechnology.13．Accordingtomostcollegestudentsandprofessors,what’stheadvantageofinpersonlearning?A．Itisconvenient.B．Itcostslesstostudy.C．Itcanbettermeetschoolpolicies.D．Itcanimprovestudents’municationskills.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“facilitate”probablymeaninparagraph4?A．change B．a(chǎn)pply C．a(chǎn)chieve D．control15．WhatisHall’sattitudetowardsonlineeducation?A．Hopeful. B．Critical. C．Uncaring. D．Neutral.【答案】12．A13．C14．C15．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了由于新冠病毒的傳播，美國(guó)學(xué)校開始線上課程，但是線上課程有利有弊。教育專家就此展開討論。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“It’sactuallygivenalotmorepowertostudentsintermsofhow,whenandwheretheylearn,”“實(shí)際上，它在學(xué)生如何、何時(shí)、在哪里學(xué)習(xí)方面賦予了他們更多的權(quán)力，”。由此可知，Choksi認(rèn)為線上教育給學(xué)生提供了很多選擇。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選A。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中However,recentresearchsuggeststhemajorityofcollegestudentsandprofessorspreferinpersoninstruction,becausetheyareconcernedthatpaniessupervising（監(jiān)管）onlinelearningprogramsarenotclearaboutthepoliciestheschoolshave.然而，最近的研究表明，大多數(shù)大學(xué)生和教授更喜歡面授式教學(xué)，因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督在線學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的公司不清楚學(xué)校的政策。由此可知，學(xué)生和教授傾向于面授課的原因是可以更好的貫徹學(xué)習(xí)政策。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。14．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Studentsseeinclasslecturesasopportunitiestoengagewithinstructors,peers,andcontent.”theresearcherswrote.Inpersonlearningisespeciallyimportantinfieldslikehealthcareandteaching.Onlineeducationcanneverreallytakeitsplace.“學(xué)生將課堂講座視為與教師、同伴和內(nèi)容交流的機(jī)會(huì)?！毖芯咳藛T寫道。面授學(xué)習(xí)在醫(yī)療和教學(xué)等領(lǐng)域尤其重要。獨(dú)立政策研究組織世紀(jì)基金會(huì)(thecenturyfoundation)的研究員斯蒂芬妮·霍爾(stephaniehall)表示，網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育永遠(yuǎn)不可能真正取代它的地位。由此可知，學(xué)生們需要體驗(yàn)他們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)到的，閱讀的或聽到的東西。但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育不知道什么時(shí)候能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。故劃線詞“facilitate”應(yīng)意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)”。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Whenschoolsmakeagreementswithonlineprogrammanagerstoruntheironlineprograms,theyoftendonotmakeimportantinformationavailabletostudents,”Hallsaid.Thisincludeshowmuchcontrolthepanyhasoverthedesignoftheprogramorwhethertheteacherleadingtheclasseswasinvolvedintheirdesign.Inaddition,manycollegesanduniversitiesadvertiseonlineprogramsasalowcostopportunityforstudents.Butinsomecases,studentsattendinginpersonclassesgetfinancialaidandonlinestudentsdonot.霍爾說:“當(dāng)學(xué)校與在線項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理達(dá)成協(xié)議來運(yùn)行他們的在線項(xiàng)目時(shí)，他們通常不會(huì)向?qū)W生提供重要的信息?！?。這包括公司對(duì)程序的設(shè)計(jì)有多大的控制權(quán)，或者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班級(jí)的老師是否參與了他們的設(shè)計(jì)。此外，許多學(xué)院和大學(xué)宣傳在線課程是為學(xué)生提供低成本的機(jī)會(huì)。但在某些情況下，參加面授課程的學(xué)生可以得到經(jīng)濟(jì)資助，而在線課程的學(xué)生則得不到。由此可知，Hall并不支持在線教育。故選B。（2）河北省滄州市第一中學(xué)20202021學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期第三次月考英語試題閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上寫出。ACoronaviruses(冠狀病毒)arealargegroupofviruses.Theyconsistofacoreofgeneticmaterial(遺傳物質(zhì))surroundedbyanenvelopewithproteinspikes(蛋白棘突).Thisgivesittheappearanceofacrown.CrowninLatiniscalled“corona”andthat’showthesevirusesgettheirname.Inthistext,we’lltakeaquicklookatwhat’scurrentlyknownaboutthevirus.Covid2019The2019NovelCoronavirus,firstreportedDecemberinWuhan,centralChina’sHubeiProvince,hasquicklyspreadacrossthecountryandaroundtheworld.Itinitiallyoccurredinagroupofpeoplewithpneumonia(Intermediatehosts:TheCovid2019mayoriginateinbats,ateamledbyrenownedChinesevirologistShiZhenglisaidearlier,whiletheintermediaryhostremainsunknown.Incubationperiod(潛伏期):usually114days.Infection:Virusmayspreadbeforesymptomsshow.SARSCoVTheSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome(SARS)coronaviruswasfirstidentifiedinChinain2003.Intermediatehosts:Batsaretheoriginalhost.Civetcatsserveasanimportantintermediarythatcarriesvirusfromthewingedmammaltohumans.Incubationperiod:27days.Infection:Virusspreadaftersymptomsshow.MERSCoVTheMiddleEastRespiratorySyndrome(MERS中東呼吸綜合征)coronaviruswasfirstidentifiedinSaudiArabiain2012.Intermediatehosts:MERSCoVwastravelledfromdromedarycameltohumans.Incubationperiod:214days.Infection:Virusmayspreadbeforesymptomsshow.21．WhatmightbetheintermediatehostsoftheCovid2019?A．Bats. B．Mosquitoes C．Camel. D．Unknownyet.22．Whichkindofcoronavirusesspreadsaftersymptomsappear?A．SARSCoV. B．MERSCoV.C．TheCovid2019. D．AllCoronaviruses.23．Whatcanwelearnaboutcoronaviruses?A．Batsaretoblamefortheoutbreakofallthethreecoronaviruses.B．TheCovid2019,SARSCoVandMERSCoVarealllistedascoronaviruses.C．MersCovwerefirstidentifiedinChina.D．SARSCovhasalongerincubationperiodthanMerscov.【答案】21．D22．A23．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了包括新型冠狀病毒在內(nèi)的三種影響較大的冠狀病毒。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Covid2019部分第二段“Intermediatehosts:TheCovid2019mayoriginateinbats,ateamledbyrenownedChinesevirologistShiZhenglisaidearlier,whiletheintermediaryhostremainsunknown.”可知，雖然研究表明可能是蝙蝠，但中間宿主究竟是什么還不清楚。故選D項(xiàng)。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SARSCoV部分第四段“Infection:Virusspreadaftersymptomsshow.”可知，SARS病毒在攜帶者表現(xiàn)出癥狀后才會(huì)傳播。故選A項(xiàng)。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Inthistext,we’lltakeaquicklookatwhat’scurrentlyknownaboutthevirus.”可知，本文的內(nèi)容就是介紹目前了解到的冠狀病毒的情況，所以文中列舉出的三種病毒都隸屬于冠狀病毒。故選B項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題是閱讀理解中最常見的題型，考生需要清楚，文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)就是論據(jù)或主要理由，細(xì)節(jié)理解題就是有關(guān)文章細(xì)節(jié)的問題，常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語、句子、段落的細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。常用且比較穩(wěn)妥的方法是排除干擾項(xiàng)，細(xì)節(jié)理解題中的干擾項(xiàng)一般分為范圍過大或過小、偷換概念、正誤并存等類型，可逐句在文中尋找根據(jù)加以甄別。第3小題中，A選項(xiàng)“三種冠狀病毒的爆發(fā)都?xì)w咎于蝙蝠”顯然是錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論，C選項(xiàng)“MERS病毒是在中國(guó)首次出現(xiàn)”與原文中“在沙特阿拉伯首次發(fā)現(xiàn)”不符，D選項(xiàng)“SARS比MERS的潛伏期更久”也可以對(duì)照Incubationperiod一欄排除掉，這樣也可以得出正確答案。BMydaughterKellyisacautiousperson.Sheneedstowarmuptosituations,andishesitanttotrynewthings.Butthishasbeenayearoffirstsformygirlthathasfilledherwithanewsenseofconfidence.Thisyearshemovedtolaplaneinswimmingwhereshewaspreparingforaswimteam.Thisyearshelearnedtorideabikewithouttrainingwheels.Andthisyearshepletedherfirstkids’triathlon(三項(xiàng)全能).OnSaturday,withathunderstormingsoonandmyson’sbirthdaypartylaterintheday,weallwentoutinthedarkofthemorningforKellytoparticipateinherfirsttriathlon.Wepracticedtransitionsfromswimtobiketorunwithher,wegotalltheequipmentshe’dneed,andwekepttalkingabouttherace.Butaswewaitedthetwohoursfortheolderkidstofinishbeforeherturn,sheheldmylegalittleharderandtoldmeshelovedmeafewtoomanytimes.Shewasnervousbuttryingtokeepittogether.Andthenitwasherturn.Fromthesecondshejumpedintothewater,myheartsoared.MydaughtertransformedintothemostconfidenthumanbeingIhadeverseen.Shedominatedthatswim,crushedthatbikerideandrantothefinishwiththebiggestsmileonherface.IcanhonestlysaythatIneverfeltsoproudofsomeoneinmyentirelife.Itwasn’tbecauseshedidasportoranythinglikethat.ItwasbecauseshewasafraidofsomethingandconqueredthatfearwithconfidenceandafireIhadn’tseenbefore.Ikeptlookingatherwithsmile.ShemightbewearingthefinalistmedalbutIfeltlikeIwonthatday.Iwonthechancetoseemygirlshine.24．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Theracebeganintheearlymorning.B．Kellypreparedforherbrother’sbirthdayparty.C．Kellywaseagerforherturnintherace.D．ThewholefamilygaveKellysupport.25．SeeingKelly’sperformanceintherace,theauthorfelt_________.A．worriedandhesitant B．excitedandproudC．a(chǎn)nxiousanduneasy D．curiousandconcerned26．InParagraph4,theunderlinedword“conquered”probablymeans_________.A．tosucceedindealingwithorcontrolsomethingB．totakecontrolofanareaanditspeoplebyforceC．tobeeverypopularorsuccessfulinaplaceD．todefeatsomeoneespeciallyinapetition27．Intheendingparagraphstheauthorfeltlike“Iwonthatday”becauseKelly___________.A．expressedlovetoher B．wonthegoldmedalC．overcamethefear D．tookpartinthesport【答案】24．D25．B26．A27．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者的女兒今年完成了她的第一次兒童鐵人三項(xiàng)，作者為女兒的變化感到驕傲的故事。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“OnSaturday,withathunderstormingsoonandmyson’sbirthdaypartylaterintheday,weallwentoutinthedarkofthemorningforKellytoparticipateinherfirsttriathlon.Wepracticedtransitionsfromswimtobiketorunwithher,wegotalltheequipmentshe’dneed,andwekepttalkingabouttherace.”（周六，暴風(fēng)雨即將來臨，我兒子的生日聚會(huì)也會(huì)在當(dāng)天晚些時(shí)候舉行，我們所有人都在早上天黑的時(shí)候出發(fā)，為了Kelly參加的第一次三項(xiàng)全能。我們和她一起練習(xí)從游泳到騎車到跑步之間的過渡，我們準(zhǔn)備了她需要的所有裝備，我們一直在談?wù)撨@場(chǎng)比賽。）可推知，全家人都在支持Kelly參加比賽。故選D。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Fromthesecondshejumpedintothewater,myheartsoared.MydaughtertransformedintothemostconfidenthumanbeingIhadeverseen.Shedominatedthatswim,crushedthatbikerideandrantothefinishwiththebiggestsmileonherface.”（從她跳進(jìn)水里那一刻，我的心飛起來了。我的女兒變成了一個(gè)我從來沒見過的、最自信的人。她在游泳中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，在騎行中領(lǐng)先，臉上帶著最大的笑容跑向終點(diǎn)。）和第四段“IcanhonestlysaythatIneverfeltsoproudofsomeoneinmyentirelife.”（我可以誠(chéng)實(shí)地說，在我整個(gè)生命中，我從沒為某個(gè)人感到如此驕傲。）可知，作者看到Kelly比賽中的表現(xiàn)時(shí)，她感到興奮和自豪。故選B。26．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子“ItwasbecauseshewasafraidofsomethingandconqueredthatfearwithconfidenceandafireIhadn’tseenbefore.”（是因?yàn)樗ε履承┦?，但是她用我之前沒見過的自信和激情conquered這份恐懼。）可知，此處指Kelly用信心和激情克服了恐懼。因此猜測(cè)conquered意為“克服，對(duì)付”。故選A。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ikeptlookingatherwithsmile.ShemightbewearingthefinalistmedalbutIfeltlikeIwonthatday.Iwonthechancetoseemygirlshine.”（我一直微笑著看著她。她可能帶著決賽獎(jiǎng)牌，但我卻感覺那天是我贏了。我贏得了看到我的女兒發(fā)光的樣子的機(jī)會(huì)。）可知，作者有這種自己贏得感覺是因?yàn)榭吹脚畠篕elly克服了恐懼。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解中的常出現(xiàn)推理判斷題有邏輯推理、只是判斷等。這類考題常出現(xiàn)的詞有：learnfrom,infer,indicate等。進(jìn)行邏輯推理時(shí)，根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、例證等進(jìn)行推理，得出合乎邏輯的推理。如第一小題，題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)earnfrom”，通過閱讀第二自然段，可知，第二段描寫了一家人為Kelly比賽做準(zhǔn)備的一系列活動(dòng)，從而推出全家支持Kelly的結(jié)論，得出正確答案。CWe’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeunfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavepromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤(rùn)滑劑)forsocialmunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互動(dòng))withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwellbeingalso.＂Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.28．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Addictiontosmartphones.B．Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C．Absenceofmunicationbetweenstrangers.D．Impatiencewithslowservice.29．WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A．Showinggoodmanners.B．Relatingtootherpeople.C．Focusingonatopic.D．Makingbusinessdeals.30．Whatdoesthecoffeeshopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A．Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B．Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C．Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D．Itmakespeoplefeelgood.31．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ConversationCountsB．WaysofMakingSmallTalkC．BenefitsofSmallTalkD．UnfortableSilence【答案】28．C29．B30．D31．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)合或沉迷于智能，或與不舒服的沉默抗?fàn)?，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是需要適當(dāng)?shù)慕徽勯e聊的，閑聊是人際關(guān)系社會(huì)交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好處。28．主旨大意題。題干問的是：第一段描述了什么現(xiàn)象。在公共場(chǎng)合（比如在電梯里，在銀行排隊(duì)，或在飛機(jī)上）人們深深地專注于他們的智能，或者更糟糕的是，與不舒服的沉默抗?fàn)?。有此可知，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。A項(xiàng)意為：沉迷于智能。B項(xiàng)意為：在公共場(chǎng)所不適當(dāng)?shù)男袨?。C項(xiàng)意為：陌生人之間缺乏溝通。D項(xiàng)意為：對(duì)緩慢的服務(wù)不耐煩。故選C項(xiàng)。29．推理判斷題。題干問得是對(duì)于Carducci來說，成功的閑聊中重要的是什么。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem”（成功閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)習(xí)如何與他們交流，而不僅僅是與他們溝通。）由此推斷C符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為：表現(xiàn)出良好的禮貌。B項(xiàng)意為：與他人有關(guān)的。C項(xiàng)意為：專注于一個(gè)話題。D項(xiàng)意為：做商業(yè)交易。故選B項(xiàng)。30．推理判斷題。題干問的是：咖啡店的研究對(duì)閑聊有什么建議。根據(jù)第四段的調(diào)查結(jié)果可知，那些與服務(wù)員聊天的人，有顯著的積極情緒和更好的咖啡店體驗(yàn)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為：閑聊改善了家庭關(guān)系。B項(xiàng)意為：閑聊提高了人們的信心。C項(xiàng)意為：閑聊和正式談話一樣重要。D項(xiàng)意為：閑聊讓人感覺很好。故選D項(xiàng)。31．主旨大意題。整篇文章剛開始介紹了社會(huì)的現(xiàn)象（公共場(chǎng)合人們沉迷于智能，陌生人之間缺乏溝通交流），接著分析了這一問題的原因，接下來有專家對(duì)閑聊進(jìn)行了研究，最后得出結(jié)論，閑聊都有什么樣的好處。A項(xiàng)意為：談話很重要。B項(xiàng)意為：閑聊的方法。C項(xiàng)意為：閑聊的好處。D項(xiàng)意為：不舒服的沉默。故選C項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】我們?cè)谧鲩喿x理解時(shí)，盡量找出每段的主講內(nèi)容（可能是一句話或是一個(gè)短語），這樣有利于整篇文章的把握，有利于做文章大意題。如35題，很顯然本文講的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默，所以ABD都可以輕松排除。DPigeonsinLondonhaveabadreputation.Somepeoplecallthemflyingrats.Andmanyblamethemforcausingpollutionwiththeirdroppings.Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkindofpollutioninthiscityof8.5million.“Theproblemforairpollutionisthatit’sbeenlargelyignoredasanissueforalongtime,”saysAndreaLee,whoworksfortheLondonbasedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Peopledon’trealizehowbaditis,andhowitactuallyaffectstheirhealth.”London’spoorairqualityislinkedtonearly10,000earlydeathsayear.Leesays,citing(引用)areportreleasedbythecitymanagerlastyear.Ifpeoplewerebetterinformedaboutthepollutionthey’rebreathing,shesays,theycouldpressurethegovernmenttodosomethingaboutit.Nearby,onawindyhillinLondon’sRegent’sPark,anexperimentisunderwaythatcouldhelp—thefirstweekofflightsbythePigeonAirPatrol.ItallbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorforDigitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontestlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemcouldbesolvedusingTwitter.Duquesnoy,fromFrance,chosetheproblemofairpollution.“Basically,Irealizedhowimportanttheproblemwas,”hesays.“ButalsoIrealizedthatmostofthepeoplearoundmedidn’tknowanythingaboutit.”Duquesnoysayshewantstobettermeasurepollution,whileatthesametimemakingtheresultsaccessibletothepublicthroughTwitter.“So”,hewondered,“howcou