非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)2021年~2023年廣東省卷中考(語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用)考查題型2023年2022年2021年1.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語語法選擇1分(needtoleave)//2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語語法選擇/1分(tellsb.todosth.)/3.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語語法選擇//1分(動(dòng)詞不定式表目的)4.不帶to的常用句型////5.動(dòng)詞-ing和動(dòng)詞-ed形式(了解即可)////考情分析2021年~2023年非謂語動(dòng)詞每年各考了1分，主要圍繞考點(diǎn)1~3，即動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)某種成分來考查。復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)要重視語法選擇，也不能忽略短文填空!非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句中不作謂語的動(dòng)詞，主要包括動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)、動(dòng)名詞(doing)和分詞(doing/done)。其在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，但仍然保留動(dòng)詞的某些特征。一、動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式一般由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，有的不定式不帶to。不定式的否定形式是“notto(do)”。如：Heasked

me

to

playchesswithhim.他讓我和他一起下棋。(帶to)

Isaw

a

boy

go

acrosstheroadjustnow.我剛才看見有個(gè)男孩過了馬路。(不帶to)

Theteachertold

me

not

tobelateagain.老師告訴我不要再遲到了。(否定形式)

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(2023語法選擇考)1.不定式作賓語的情況比較多，但是一般情況下，不定式只作部分動(dòng)詞的賓語。經(jīng)常接不定式作賓語(即：動(dòng)詞+todosth.結(jié)構(gòu))的動(dòng)詞有：begintodosth.開始做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事learntodosth.學(xué)習(xí)做某事expecttodosth.期望做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事wishtodosth.希望做某事forgettodosth.忘記做某事liketodosth.喜歡做某事decidetodosth.決定做某事trytodosth.盡力做某事continuetodosth.繼續(xù)做某事prefertodosth.更喜歡做某事

2.不定式也可以用來作某些形容詞的賓語。常見的這類形容詞有：bereadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備好做某事beanxioustodosth.急于做某事beabletodosth.能夠做某事besuretodosth.一定做某事begladtodosth.高興做某事besorrytodosth.很抱歉做某事beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事bepleasedtodosth.高興做某事bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事3.不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語。如：whentodoit(什么時(shí)候做)；howtodoit(怎樣做)；whattodo(做什么)；whytodoit(為什么做)；wheretodoit(在哪兒做)；whichtodo(做哪一個(gè))等等。Idon’tknow

what

to

buyformymother.(whattobuy作know的賓語)我不知道給媽媽買什么。

(

)1.(2023廣東，語法選擇)“Ifeellikearealastronautinthespacecamp,andIdon’tevenneed

39

theearth，”hesaid.

A.leave

B.leaving

C.toleave2.(2021廣州，完成句子)動(dòng)筆前，先仔細(xì)計(jì)劃要寫什么。Beforeyoustart,plancarefully

.

what

to

write

C

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(2022，2020語法選擇考)1.不定式用作賓語補(bǔ)足語，也是在一些特定的動(dòng)詞之后。常接“賓語+賓補(bǔ)”(即：動(dòng)詞+sb.+todosth.)的動(dòng)詞有：asksb.todosth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事forcesb.todosth.強(qiáng)迫某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事teachsb.todosth.教導(dǎo)某人做某事Joanasked

Mary

to

speakfirst.(Mary在句中作賓語，tospeak補(bǔ)充說明Mary要做的事)瓊請(qǐng)瑪麗先說。

2.有些動(dòng)詞(一感二聽三讓四看)feel，hear/listento，make/have/let，see/lookat/watch/notice+sb./sth.+do，后用不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)須省略to。但這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to不能省略。Theymake

the

students

dotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.

=Thestudentsaremade

to

dotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.他們讓學(xué)生每天做太多作業(yè)。

(

)1.(2022廣東，語法選擇)Oneday,theteachertoldher

34

atest.

A.take

B.totake

C.taking(

)2.(2020廣東，語法選擇)Iexpecteachofyou

33

akitethatmeanssomethingimportanttoyou.

A.make

B.tomake

C.making

D.madeBB

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(2021語法選擇考)不定式作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，用于表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因或條件等，一般放在動(dòng)詞后面。1.todo/soastodo(不能放在句首)/inordertodo作目的狀語。如：Istaythereto/so

as

to/in

order

to

seewhatwillhappen.我待在那兒，以便看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。

To/In

order

to

catchtheearlybus，hegotupearly.(此句不能用soasto)為了趕上早班車，他起得很早。

2.enoughtodo/too…todo結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Theboyisn’toldenough

to

gotoschool.

=Theboyistoo

young

to

gotoschool.小男孩太小了，不可以去上學(xué)。

3.形容詞(difficult，happy，glad，lucky，fortunate，surprised，angry，anxious，ready，quick，slow，cruel，clever等)+todo。如：Thequestionisdifficult

to

answer.這個(gè)問題很難回答。

(

)1.(2021廣東，語法選擇)Manytourists,theybelieve,willcome

38

thefantasticexperienceofwalkingacross.

A.enjoy B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.toenjoy(

)2.(2023廣州，語法選擇)Hewasnotfastenough

4

theworms(蟲子)MamaBirdbroughtback.

A.get B.got

C.getting D.togetDD(

)3.(2021廣州，語法選擇)“AndI!”theyallsaid,untilawholeshowerwentdownandthecornwassavedallbecauseonelittleraindroptrieditsbest

15

whatitcould.

A.do B.doing C.todo D.didC

不帶to的常用句型Whydon’tyoudosth.？為什么不做某事？Whynotdosth.？為什么不做某事？Would/Couldyoupleasedosth.？請(qǐng)你做某事，好嗎？Would/Couldyoupleasenotdosth.？請(qǐng)你不要做某事，好嗎？hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)要做某事wouldratherdosth.thandosth.寧愿做某事，也不愿做某事prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.寧愿做某事，也不愿做某事動(dòng)詞不定式用法口訣不定式有標(biāo)記，to與動(dòng)原連一起。沒有人稱數(shù)變化，動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備。主賓定狀表補(bǔ)語，唯獨(dú)作謂不可以。not加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。疑問詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語有意義。二、動(dòng)名詞(溫馨提示：本知識(shí)點(diǎn)是新課標(biāo)理解要求語法項(xiàng)目，對(duì)閱讀理解和寫作有幫助，同學(xué)們應(yīng)了解。)1.動(dòng)名詞的基本形式和性質(zhì)(1)動(dòng)名詞是由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成，形式與動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞相同。如：Nosmokinghere.這里禁止吸煙。

(2)動(dòng)名詞兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)。動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)是可以帶賓語和狀語，組成動(dòng)名詞短語；名詞的性質(zhì)是在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語等。如：Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.(作賓語)她喜歡集郵。Travelingabroadcanbeveryexciting.(作主語)出國旅行會(huì)是很激動(dòng)人心的。

2.常見的可接動(dòng)名詞的短語：insiston堅(jiān)持

thinkof想到

dreamof夢(mèng)想

lookforwardto期望feellike想要 get/beusedto習(xí)慣于befondof喜歡 beafraidof害怕

betiredof厭煩 succeedin成功 stop/keep/prevent…from阻止……做dependon依靠 spend…in在……花費(fèi) beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣

beproudof以……為驕傲/自豪

注意：有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接v.-ing形式，但意義不同。stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事trytodosth.設(shè)法或努力去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(已做)remembertodosth.記得去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(已做)forgettodosth.忘記去做某事(未做)be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事usedtodosth.過去常常做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事(已做)regrettodosth.遺憾要做某事(未做)(

)1.(2023廣州，語法選擇)Morningaftermorning,hepracticed

9

hiswings,andtheyweregettingstrongerandstronger.

A.flap B.toflap C.flapping D.flapped(

)2.(2020廣州，語法選擇)Butthen,insteadof

13

，Davidpicksuphisbooks,andreadsdeepintothenight.

A.sleep B.slept C.sleeps D.sleepingDC一、語法選擇基礎(chǔ)練(單項(xiàng)填空)(

)1.(2023·吉林)Wehope_______abeautifulhomebylivingalow-carbonlife(低碳生活).

A.build B.building C.tobuild(

)2.(2023·吉林長春)Weexpecttheworld_______Chinabetterafterthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou.

A.understanding B.tounderstand

C.understood

D.understandBC(

)3.(2023·四川自貢)—Mike，wearetoldnot_______thephonewhilecrossingthestreet.

—Iamsorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.A.answering B.toanswer C.answer(

)4.(2023·黑龍江牡丹江)_______downairpollution，weshouldwalkortakethebusinsteadofdriving.

A.Cut B.Tocut C.Cutting(

)5.(2023·四川達(dá)州)Theteachersusedto_______keypointsontheblackboard，butnowtheyaregettingusedto_______themthroughPPTs.

A.write；showing B.writing；show C.write；showABB二、短文填空基礎(chǔ)練(用所給單詞的正確形式填空)6.It’sreportedthatChinaplans

(send)astronautstothemoonbefore2030.

7.—MissLi，canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills？—Certainly.Iadviseyou

(keep)adiaryinEnglisheveryday.

8.Asteenagers，wearenotallowed

(bring)mobilephonesintoschoolsothatwecanfocusonourschoolwork.

9.Iusedto

(sleep)late，butnowIamusedto

(go)tobedearly.

10.Theteacherwarnedus

(make)toomuchnoisebecausetheotherstudentswerehavinganexam.

nottomake

going

sleep

tobring

tokeep

tosend

11.Today，wemustcontinueworking

(keep)ourskiesblue，watersclearandlandsclean.

12.Wemusttakeactiontopreventpeoplefrom

(cut)downtoomanytrees.

13.You’dbetter

(make)aplan

(manage)yourtimewell.

14.Childrenshouldspendatleastonehour

(exercise)everyday.

15.Manypeopleenjoy

(make)zongzibythemselvesontheDragonBoatFestival.

making

exercising

tomanage

make

cutting

tokeep

(

)16.A.I B.my C.me(

)17.A.breaks B.broke C.wasbrokenC三、語法選擇Youneverknowwherelifewillleadyou.WhenIwasayoungboy，Ioncegotwaterup

16

nose.AfterthatIneverwantedtogetintothewateragain.Ithoughtswimmingwasnotforme.

Oneday，Ifelloffmyskateboardandmyleg

17

sobadly，andthedoctorssaidIcouldneverreallyskateboardagain.Theysaidswimmingwastheonlyexercisethatwouldbegoodforme.

B(

)18.A.good B.better C.best(

)19.A.what B.that C.which(

)20.A.join B.tojoin C.tojoining(

)21.A.made B.willmade C.makesABBWell，Igaveitatry.Everyweek，Igotalittle

18

andhatedswimmingalittleless.Iworkedatitsomuch

19

onedaymyhighschoolswimmingcoachaskedme

20

theschoolteam.Youcanimaginehowthat

21

meandmyfamilyfeelasIwassoafraidofwaterbefore!

B(

)22.A.in B.as C.to(

)23.A.swimmer B.swim C.swimming(

)24.A.a B.an C.the(

)25.A.surprised B.surprise C.surprisedlyCAAMuch

22

everyone’ssurprise，Iwonthirdplaceinthecityfinals.Swimmingisabigpartofmylifenow.Youneverknowwhichroadlifewilltakeyoudown.Lookatme—a

23

!

Forthisreason，Isay：yourchoiceshouldn’tberefused.Andremember，lifeis

24

swimmingpool.Jumpinandstartswimming!Youmayfindwhatyoucando

25

.

C動(dòng)詞解題技巧分析近三年廣東中考語法選擇可知，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式是必考點(diǎn)，每年各考1題。1.近三年對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查主要是一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在做題時(shí)可以通過以下要素來判斷時(shí)態(tài)：(1)上下文語境；(2)時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志詞；(3)段落中或并列的動(dòng)詞。①(2023廣東)NowDavid

40

spacescience.Hehasmadeuphismindtobeaspaceengineerinthefuture.

A.study

B.isstudying

C.wasstudying(根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞Now可判斷用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，選B。)②(2022廣東)She

39

herselfthatshestillhadalongwaytogoandthatsheshouldkeeppracticing.

A.tell

B.tells

C.told(根據(jù)句中的had

判斷是一般過去時(shí)，選C。)③(2021廣東)Now，thecityishopingthatthebridge

37

lotsoftouriststothearea.

A.brought

B.willbring

C.isbringing

D.wasbringing(根據(jù)主句中的hoping“希望”提示及句子語境可知用一般將來時(shí)，故選B。)2.近三年對(duì)語態(tài)的考查都考了一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。做題步驟如下：(1)確定主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的語態(tài)關(guān)系(主動(dòng)或者被動(dòng))；(2)確定時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí))；(3)確保一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)中be動(dòng)詞的形式正確。①(2023廣東)Attheageofseven,Davidhadhisfirstastronauttrainingexperience.Heandhisparents

33

toaFamilySpaceCamp.

A.invited

B.areinvited

C.wereinvited(1.確定主語He

and

his

parents和謂語動(dòng)詞invite之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系：invite

his

parents

and

him

to

a

Family

Space

Camp→he

and

his

parents

are

invited

to

a

Family

Space

Camp；2.根據(jù)前一句的had判斷用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，選C。)②(2022廣東)Studentsintheschool

37

togetupat6：45a.m.topracticetheirbasicskills.Butshegotupat6：00inthemorning.

A.ask

B.asked

C.wereasked(1.確定主語Students和謂語ask之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系：

ask

students

to

get

up

→

students

are

asked

to

get

up；

2.根據(jù)句中的got判斷應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；

3.主語Students是復(fù)數(shù)，故be動(dòng)詞用were，選C。)3.近三年對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查主要是動(dòng)詞不定式。針對(duì)該考點(diǎn)，考生可通過固定搭配與句子成分分析法來確定答案。(1)固定搭配①(2023廣東)Ifeellikearealastronautinthespacecamp,andIdon’tevenneed

39

theearth.

A.leave

B.leaving

C.toleave(固定搭配：need

to

do

sth.需要做某事，選C。)②(2022廣東)Oneday，theteachertoldher

34

atest.

A.take

B.totake

C.taking(固定搭配：

tell

sb.to

do

sth.

告訴某人做某事，

選B。)(2)句子成分分析法①(2021廣東)Manytourists，theybelieve，willcome

38

thefantasticexperienceofwalkingacross.

A.enjoy B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.toenjoy(enjoy

the

fantastic

experience是come的目的，用to

do

作目的狀語，選D。)廣東近五年中考完形填空中，主要考查實(shí)義動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。動(dòng)詞共考查了17次(每年必考2~3題)，其中動(dòng)詞的辨析考查了9次(每年必考1~2題)，動(dòng)詞短語辨析考查了8次。

其中15次以語境推斷法來確定答案，2次以固定搭配法來確定答案。1.語境推斷法根據(jù)上下文的語境提示或暗示，身臨其境地理解事件發(fā)生的語境，體驗(yàn)語境和作者的情感態(tài)度，推斷出符合場(chǎng)景的最佳選項(xiàng)。①(2023廣東)Nowitwastimetoreturnhome.Whensheenteredthehouse，MumandDadwere

48

heronthesofa.

A.waitingfor B.laughingatC.lookingafterD.learningfrom(句意：現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候回家了。當(dāng)她進(jìn)到屋里，爸爸和媽媽正在沙發(fā)上等她。wait

for等候；laugh

at嘲笑；look

after照顧；learn

from向……學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)上文“當(dāng)她進(jìn)到屋里”可推斷爸爸媽媽是在等她，故選A。)②(2022廣東)Theydecidedto

47

whattheygrewintheirgarden…Peoplewouldstopbyandleavewithsomevegetables.

A.eat

B.sell

C.share

D.cook(句意：他們決定分享他們?cè)诨▓@里種的東西。eat吃；sell出售；share分享；cook烹飪。下文說到人們來訪，走的時(shí)候會(huì)帶一些蔬菜，說明他們分享了他們的勞動(dòng)成果，故選C。)2.固定搭配法①(2023廣東)Eachofthemwas

49

ababyintheirarms.“Nowyouhaveasisterandabrother!”Dadsaid.

A.hiding

B.training

C.walking

D.holding(句意：他們每人手上抱著一個(gè)嬰兒。hold…in

one’s

arms抱著……，是固定搭配，故選D。)②(2021廣東)Thisjobisto

47

theearthfromgerms(細(xì)菌)onthingsbroughtbackfromotherplanets.

A.move B.protect C.pull D.collect(句意：這份工作的職責(zé)是保護(hù)地球免受附著在從其他星球帶回來的物品上的細(xì)菌的侵害。move移動(dòng)；

protect保護(hù)；

pull拉；collect收集。固定搭配：protect…from…

保護(hù)……免受傷害。故選B。)動(dòng)詞的類型有很多，有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞等。2023年廣東中考短文填空在形式上發(fā)生了變化，改為選詞填空，其中備選項(xiàng)有3個(gè)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合了時(shí)態(tài)和詞形變化來考查。做題時(shí)：1.判斷所填單詞的詞性；2.根據(jù)上下文、固定搭配(短語)確定單詞；3.如要填動(dòng)詞時(shí)，注意其形式。以下是中考真題中動(dòng)詞在短文填空中的考查。1.空格前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,could,may,might,must,should,need…)時(shí)加動(dòng)詞原形。(2023廣東)Itmight69._______theworld’searliestformoftoothbrushes.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might后面be動(dòng)詞用原形。)

2.空格前有標(biāo)志詞to時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞保留原形(be/get

used

to，

pay

attention

to,look

forward

to等幾個(gè)后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的短語除外)。①(2020

廣東)Shefeltsadthatthekidstheredidn’thavenewclothesto_______andtoystoplaywith.(動(dòng)詞不定式作為后置定語修飾clothes，和下文的to

play

with修飾toys的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，故填動(dòng)詞原形wear。)

②(2019廣東)IlikedhimsomuchthatIaskedavisitorto_______aphotoofthatpaintingandme.(ask

sb.to

do

sth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事，是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故take用動(dòng)詞原形。)

3.空格前有助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did,will,would…)