專題一名詞中考考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)分類突破考點(diǎn)1

可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則可數(shù)名詞所表示的人或事物可以用數(shù)來計(jì)算,有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。表示一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用單數(shù)形式,表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(1)規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方式例詞一般在詞尾加-s。desk—desks書桌m(xù)ile—miles

英里以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞,直接加-es。brush—brushes刷子watch—watches手表以y結(jié)尾的詞:a.以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加-es。b.以“元音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞,直接加-s。factory—factories工廠monkey—monkeys

猴子構(gòu)成方式例詞以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,把f或fe變?yōu)関,再加-es。wolf—wolves狼wife—wives

妻子以o結(jié)尾的詞:a.一般在詞尾加-s。b.有些在詞尾加-es。radio—radios

收音機(jī)photo—photos

照片potato—potatoes土豆口訣記憶名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),直接加-s的占多數(shù)。詞尾若是s,x,sh,ch,直接加上-es。詞尾若是f或fe,加-s之前有些要變ve。“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾,要把y變i,再加-es。詞尾字母若是o,加-es的有hero,tomato和potato。(2)不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方式例詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheep羊;綿羊Chinese中國(guó)人Japanese日本人特殊變化foot—feet腳tooth—teeth牙齒woman—women女人(續(xù)表)構(gòu)成方式例詞合成名詞一般合成詞只將主體詞變復(fù)數(shù)bus

stop—bus

stops公共汽車站pencil

box—pencil

boxes鉛筆盒由man和woman開頭的合成詞兩詞全變復(fù)數(shù)mandoctor—mendoctors男醫(yī)生womanteacher—womenteachers女教師合成名詞由man和woman結(jié)尾的合成詞只將man,woman變復(fù)數(shù)fisherman—fishermen漁民policeman—policemen(男)警察考點(diǎn)2

不可數(shù)名詞(1)不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能用a/an修飾,但可用much,alotof/lotsof,plentyof,little,alittle,some,any等詞修飾。其作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。There

is

some

tea

in

the

cup.杯子里有些茶。(2)“數(shù)詞/不定冠詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞”常用來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量,如apieceofpaper(一張紙),twocupsoftea(兩杯茶),aglassofwater(一杯水),threebottlesofpop(三瓶汽水)。該結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于of前面的量詞的數(shù)。There

are

three

glasses

of

orange

juice

on

the

table.桌子上有三杯橙汁。

?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞advice

建議

furniture

家具

homework

作業(yè)fun

樂趣

housework

家務(wù)

information

信息paper

紙

sugar

糖

work

工作

news

新聞progress

進(jìn)步

traffic

交通

weather

天氣單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞exercise

鍛煉—exercises習(xí)題;演練work

工作—works

著作paper

紙—papers

報(bào)紙;試卷room

空間—rooms

房間life

生活經(jīng)歷—lives

性命考點(diǎn)3

名詞作定語(1)名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式,但有些常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞則仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes

shop

服裝店

sports

meeting

運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)(2)man/woman作定語時(shí)隨所修飾的名詞的數(shù)變化。men

doctors

男醫(yī)生

women

drivers

女司機(jī)(3)“數(shù)詞＋連字符＋名詞”作定語,連字符后面的名詞用單數(shù)形式。a

three-day

holiday

一個(gè)三天的假期a

five-year

plan

一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃考點(diǎn)4

名詞所有格(1)’s所有格類別構(gòu)成方法示例有生命的單數(shù)名詞加’smy

son’s

pen我兒子的鋼筆有生命的復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾加’theteachers’office教師辦公室不以s結(jié)尾加’sthechildren’shomework孩子們的家庭作業(yè)類別構(gòu)成方法示例表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家等的名詞單數(shù)加’sanhour’swalk步行一小時(shí)的路程復(fù)數(shù)加’tendays’holiday十天的假期表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有在最后一個(gè)人名后加’sMikeandJohn’sdeskMike和John的書桌表示每個(gè)人各自擁有在每個(gè)人名后加’sMike’s

and

John’sdesks

Mike的書桌和John的書桌

①’s所有格常用來表示有生命的事物,它也可以表示一些無生命的事物,如時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市或自然現(xiàn)象等。a

month’s

time

一個(gè)月的時(shí)間today’s

newspaper

今天的報(bào)紙②’s后面的名詞是商店、住宅等地點(diǎn)時(shí),后面的名詞常常省略。at

the

doctor’s

在診所;在醫(yī)務(wù)室to

my

uncle’s

去我叔叔家(2)of所有格①表示無生命事物的所有關(guān)系一般用of所有格。a

leg

of

the

table桌子的一條腿②of所有格有時(shí)也可以用于人或有生命的東西,表示所屬關(guān)系,特別是當(dāng)這些所有者有較長(zhǎng)的定語時(shí)。the

name

of

the

brave

young

man這個(gè)勇敢的年輕人的名字③表示某物的一部分或抽象概念。the

top

of

the

house房屋的頂部有的名詞所有格可以用兩種方式表示:the

story

of

Ma

Long＝Ma

Long’s

story馬龍的故事(3)雙重所有格雙重所有格主要表示整體中的一部分,有兩種形式:①of＋名詞＋’sa

photo

of

my

brother’s我弟弟的一張照片②of＋名詞性物主代詞a

new

friend

of

mine我的一個(gè)新朋友

雙重所有格和一般所有格意義不同,如aphotoofMary’s表示照片屬于Mary,但照片上的人不一定是Mary本人;aphotoofMary表示照片上的人是Mary本人。專項(xiàng)能力檢測(cè)Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇1.(2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州)Weyouthsdoourbestforourdreamsandtogetherasmallsuccesscangiveusasenseof

A

?.

A.achievementB.departmentC.treatmentD.entertainment2.(2022·江蘇宿遷)Mygrandmaisgoodatpapercutting.Shecancutoutpicturesinthe

C

?ofcartooncharacters.

A.abilityB.weightC.shapeD.qualityA

C

3.(2022·湖北武漢)—WhydoyoupracticeT’aiChieveryday?—BecausethisChineseformofexercisehelpsmerelaxandfindmyinner(內(nèi)心的)

D

?.

A.voiceB.qualityC.beautyD.peace4.(2022·新疆)—Ifindtherearemoreandmoreoverweightchildreninourschool.—Exactly,soweshouldhavegoodeating

D

?.

A.tasksB.choicesC.gradesD.habitsD

D

5.(2022·浙江溫州)—Jack,Ihavenoideaforthereport.—Meneither.Whydon’tweasktheteacherfor

A

??

A.helpB.jokesC.foodD.tickets6.(2022·天津)Mostparentsthinkitisagood

B

?totakeaschoolbusbecauseit’squitesafe.

A.riskB.choiceC.gameD.pity7.(2022·甘肅武威)The

A

?rangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNewYork.

A.telephoneB.doorbellC.clockD.bikeA

B

A

8.(2022·云南)MissLihaslotsofteaching

C

?.Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.

A.exerciseB.excitementC.experienceD.environment9.(2022·安徽)—Idomorningexerciseseveryday.Itworksmywholebody.—It’sagoodhabit.Ithelpsyoukeepingood

C

?.

A.timeB.touchC.healthD.silenceC

C

10.(2022·湖北襄陽)—Sheisleavingtotakepartinthefinalpoemcompetition.—I’mproudofher.Iwishheragreat

D

?.

A.speedB.methodC.pressureD.success11.(2022·重慶)It’srainingheavily.Pleasetakethe

C

?.

A.stoneB.flowerC.umbrellaD.postcard12.(2022·重慶)Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon

D

?Day,June1st.

A.ChildB.Child’sC.ChildrenD.Children’sD

C

D

13.(2022·四川達(dá)州)—IwanttolearnmoreaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynasty.—WhynotusetheInternettofindmore

A

??

A.informationB.messagesC.adviceD.discussions14.(2022·江蘇連云港)Thehatisnottheright

A

?forme.I’dlikeasmallerone.

A.sizeB.styleC.colorD.materialA

A

15.(2022·云南昆明)—DoyouknowMarch21stisWorldSleepDay?Sleepisimportanttous.—Yes.Agoodsleepgivesus

C

?andmakesushappy.

A.truthB.fameC.energyD.culture16.(2021·江蘇南通)—HaveyoudecidedwhattowriteaboutGulliver

in

Lilliputinthereport?—I’mnotsure.MaybeIneedtoreadsome

D

?aboutitbeforewriting.

A.reasonsB.rewardsC.resultsD.reviewsC

D

17.(2021·湖北鄂州)—What’syourfavorite

D

?,John?

—History.Itisveryinteresting.A.foodB.vegetableC.animalD.subject18.(2021·青海西寧)—Whatacleanandtidyroom!—Yes.It’s

A

?room.

A.TinaandNina’sB.Tina’sandNinaC.TinaandNinaD.Tina’sandNina’sD

A

19.(2021·四川涼山州)—Whatisthe

A

?ofyourbeautifulEnglishhandwriting?

—Practicemakesperfect.A.secretB.influenceC.choiceD.purpose20.(2021·江蘇南京)YuanLongpingwasaworld-famousscientist.Becauseofhisachievements,rice

C

?hasbeenincreasedgreatly.

A.populationB.contributionC.productionD.introductionA

C

21.(2021·天津)Hisbeautifulmusichasbrought

B

?topeopleallovertheworld.

A.difficultyB.pleasureC.weatherD.danger22.(2021·湖北武漢)Theidiom(成語)“Mengzi’smothermakesthreemoves”tellsofamotherwhodidallshecouldtoprovidethebest

C

?forherchild.

A.experienceB.instructionC.environmentD.informationB

C

23.(2021·遼寧鞍山)—Hello,Eric.Youlooktired.—Yes,I’vedecidedtohaveagood

D

?bytakingawalkorseeingamovie.Ireallyneedtorelax.

A.mealB.sleepC.luckD.rest24.(2021·湖北襄陽)—HowdoyouimproveyourEnglish

C

??

—IoftentalkwiththepersonswhosemotherlanguageisEnglish.A.populationB.transportationC.pronunciationD.suggestionD

C

25.(2021·云南昆明)ZhangGuimeistartedthefirstfreeseniorhighschoolforgirlstohelpthemgetan

A

?inLijiang,Yunnan.

A.educationB.invitationC.informationD.imaginationA

Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式或漢語提示完成句子。每空一詞1.(2022·四川遂寧)IlikeautumnbestbecauseIthinkit’sthemostbeautiful

season

?(季節(jié))inayear.

2.(2022·江蘇宿遷)Thechildrenhavelearntaboutthe

fact

?(事實(shí))thatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

3.(2022·江蘇宿遷)—Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?—A

pilot

?(飛行員).

4.(2022·江蘇宿遷)Teamworkisbasedon

trust

?(信任).Weunderstandeachotherandworktogetherforthesamegoal.

5.(2022·四川德陽改編)Westudentsmustfollowthe

rules

?(規(guī)則)ofourschool.

season

fact

pilot

trust

rules

6.(2022·四川眉山改編)Somewildanimalsneedourprotection,becausetheyareingreat

danger

?(dangerous)now.

7.(2022·四川眉山改編)Taking

notes

?(note)inclassisagoodwaytohelpyoureviewwhatyouhavelearned.

8.(2022·湖北隨州改編)TheBeijingOlympicWinterGamesopenedon

February

?(二月)4th,2022.

danger

notes

February

9.(2022·江蘇蘇州改編)Suzhouisveryattractivewithdifferentkindsofancient

bridges

?(bridge).

10.(2022·江蘇蘇州)TheTiangongspacestationisthe

pride

?(驕傲)ofallChinese.

bridges

pride

11.(2022·浙江杭州改編)JimwillbeonsummervacationinJuneand

July

?(七月).

12.(2022·浙江杭