Building

Trust

through

anEquitable

and

InclusiveEnergy

TransitionW

H

I

T

E

P

A

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4Images:GettyImagesContentsPreface34ExecutivesummaryIntroduction51

Understandingajust,equitableandinclusiveenergytransition2

Recognizingsymptomsofanunjust,inequitableandnon-inclusivetransition3

Diagnosingtheunderlyingchallenges3.1

Stakeholderinteractionsanddivergences3.2

Ten

unresolvedquestionsthatneed

to

be

addressed4

Mobilizingforchange71012121517212224ConclusionContributorsEndnotesDisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.The?ndings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.?2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.BuildingTrust

throughanEquitableandInclusiveEnergyTransition2January2024BuildingTrust

throughanEquitableandInclusiveEnergyTransitionPrefaceEquity,justiceandinclusivityare

keypillarsofthegloballandscapethatrepresenta

primaryconcernforstakeholdersworldwide,includinggovernments,businesses,communitiesandcitizens.Thesedimensionstranscendgeographicalboundaries,playpivotalroles

withinthebroader

economicandsocialsystemiccontextwhere

theenergysystemoperatesandhavefar-reaching

consequencesacross

diversesystems.Energypowerssocietiesandeconomies,andthesmoothoperationoftheenergysystemisvitalforindividuals,companiesandnations,allofwhomdependonuninterrupted,affordable

accesstoenergy.Thisreportaimstounderscoretheimportanceofajust,equitableandinclusiveenergytransitionwhilehighlightingthepotentialadverseimpactsofdisregardingtheseaspects.Itemphasizestheneedtotackleaffordabilityandaccessissues,identi?esemergingsignsofinequality,andexplorestheunderlyingchallengesinrealizingsuchatransition.Thereportalsoexploresstakeholderinteractions,divergencesandcriticalquestionsdemandingdecision-makers’

attention.

Furthermore,

it

proposesactionablemeasurestoadvanceanorderly,people-centredandsociallyresponsibleenergytransitionthatbridgesdividesandbuildstrust.Astheworldgrappleswithinterconnectedcrises,turbulenceinenergymarketsandshiftinggeopoliticalpriorities,theintricateinterplaybetweenenergyprices,macroeconomicandsocialstability,andtheroleofindividualsintheenergytransitionbecomesincreasinglyevident.Equity,justiceandinclusivityemergeascriticalcomponentstoaccelerateaneffectiveenergytransition,whetherattheindividual,local,nationalorgloballevels.Addressingtheseissuesdemandsunprecedentedcollaboration,bothbetweenandwithincountries.Whilegovernmentsholdtheprimaryresponsibilityforsteeringtheircountriestowardsajust,equitableandinclusiveenergytransition,businessesalsoplayacrucialroleandcanbene?tfromtakingaction.Solvingtheseissuesinisolationbyanysinglecompany,industrysector,

orstakeholdergroupisinsuf?cient.Thecalltoactionnecessitatesurgentandeffectiveintegrationofthe“justice,equityandinclusivity”dimensiontoacceleratethetransition.TheWorldEconomicForumusestheenergytriangleframework,highlightingthreecoredimensionsofabalancedenergysystem:sustainability,securityandequity.Whileenergysecurityandenvironmentalissuesareimportant,thisreportfocusesonthecrucialyetoftenoverlookedaspectsofenergyequity,justiceandinclusivity.Despiteincreasingawareness,thesedimensionsfacemountingpressure,especiallyinaturbulentperiodwhereenergysecurityandsustainabilityareprioritizedandbetterunderstood.Nonetheless,overlookingequity,justiceandinclusivityposesasigni?cantrisktotheenergytransition,whichtheworldcannotafford,givenenergy’s

keyroleinenablingglobaleconomicandsocialdevelopment.Onekeyreasontheenergytransitionhasnotadvancedatthenecessarypaceandscaleistheoversimpli?cationofthenarrative,primarilyfocusingonthesupplysidetotransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewables.Inreality,thetransitionisfarmorecomplex,andignoringitsmultifacetednaturejeopardizesoverallprogress.Thisreportoffersanapproachtofacilitatecommongroundandmobilizecoordinatedstakeholderactionatspeedandscale,chartingamoredirectpathtowardsabalancedenergyfutureforall.BuildingTrust

throughanEquitableandInclusiveEnergyTransition3Executive

summaryBuildingequityandinclusivitymore

stronglyintothebusinessandeconomiccasecanacceleratetheenergytransition,unlockingfullbene?tsforindividualsandcommunities.Equityandinclusivity,alongsidesustainabilityandsecurity,arekeytoasuccessfulenergytransition.Theenergytransitioncreatesnewjobs,improveslivelihoodsandempowersindividuals,communitiesandsocieties.However,

neglectingequityandinclusivityinthistransitioncancausedelaysorevenleadtoitsfailure,makingitcrucialtoaddresstheseaspectsatlocal,nationalandgloballevels.Recentchallengesintheglobalenergylandscapehaveledtoseverepriceshocksandworsenedenergypoverty,disproportionatelyaffectinglow-incomecountriesandhouseholds.Consequently,manygovernmentshaveprioritizedimmediateenergysecurity,inadvertentlyputtingequityandinclusivityconsiderationsunderpressure.Understandingthecomplexdynamicsatplayiscrucialtonavigatingthepathforward.Intoday’s

evolvingglobaleconomy,addressingthepotentialnegativeconsequencesofanunequalenergytransitionisimportant.Keystakeholders,includinggovernments,businesses,communitiesandcitizens,shapethistransition,andtheirinteractions

can

either

facilitatecooperation

or

createdivergencesthathindertrustandcollaboration.Whilealigningstakeholdersaroundcommonobjectivesiscrucial,acknowledgingtheneedfortrade-offsisequallyimportant.A

fairandeffectivetransitionrequiresconsiderationofequityinthedistributionofcostsandopportunities,withparticularattentiontothoseatriskoflosingout.EnergyequityandinclusivityencompassvariousdimensionswithinandacrossnationsandMovingforward,amultidimensionalapproachisneeded,consideringeachnation’s

uniquecircumstancesandstartingpoints.Keyquestionsmustbeaddressed,includingintegratinga“peopleandcommunitypositive”approachtoenergyinfrastructureprojects’planningandexecution,identifyingeffectiveenergyregulatoryand?scalmeasuresthatdrivethetransitionwhileaddressingtheneedsofvulnerableindividualsandbuildingtrustandcollaborationamongdiversestakeholdersatalllevels.stakeholders.Thelackofaffordableaccesstomodern

andcleanenergyremainsa

signi?cantconcern

inmanycountries.Transitioningtocleanerenergysystems,whetherinadvancedordevelopingnations,requirespolicychangesandinfrastructureinvestments.Despitethestrongeconomiccase,complicationsoftenarisefrommisinformationorconcerns

among

constituents

who

may

be

negativelyaffectedbychanges,leadingtocommunity-levelresistance.Additionally,thereisa

riskofa

growingNorth-Southdivideinaccesstocleanenergyinvestmentsandtechnologies,oftenaccompaniedbymistrustanduncertaintyregardingthebene?tsofgovernment

policiesandbusinessactions.Fosteringa

just,equitableandinclusiveenergytransitionisnotsolelyanenvironmentalconcern

butalsoa

social,economicandgeopoliticalnecessity.Failingtoaddresssocioeconomicimpactsposessubstantial

risks

to

the

entire

transition,

while

successcandrivebusinessopportunity,socioeconomicdevelopmentandresilience.Thisreport

underscorestheurgencyandimportanceofsucha

transition,identi?essignsofinequalityandproposessolutionstobridgegaps,reduceuncertaintiesandbuildtrustina

transitionthatsafeguardsvulnerablepopulationsandensuresinclusivityforall.Astheenergytransitionreachesapivotalpoint,prioritizingequity,justiceandinclusivityisessentialtofosteringglobalcollaborationandachievingabalancedandrapidtransition.Overlookingtheseaspectscoulderodetrust,impedenecessarybusinessinvestments,leadtoalossofsociallicence,underminesocietalwell-beingandultimatelyjeopardizetheentireenergytransition.BuildingTrust

throughanEquitableandInclusiveEnergyTransition4IntroductionDespiterecentchallenges,equityandinclusivity,alongsidesecurityandsustainability,remainintegralelementsofasuccessfulenergytransition.Reliableandaffordableaccesstoprogressiveenergyisessentialforpeopleandeconomies,especiallyasglobalpopulationsgrow,

drivingincreaseddemandforthebene?tsthatenergyoffers.Decision-makersbroadlyagreeontheimportanceofrenewableenergy,energyef?ciencyanddecentralizedsolutionstoimproveenergyaccess.Simultaneously,thereisanurgentneedtotransitiontoenergysystemsthataremoreef?cientandemitsigni?cantlylessgreenhousegases(GHG)toavoidtheworstimpactsofclimatechangeonpeopleandtheplanet.Achievingasustainableenergyfuturemustgohandinhandwithdeliveringonenergysecurityandresilience,andequityandinclusivity.Theseelementstogetherformthecoreoftheenergytriangle(seeFigure1).FIGURE1

TheenergytriangleSustainabilityEnergytransitionGeopoliticsSpeedSupplyRenewableNuclearDeliveryTransmissionPipelinesDemandIndustryUrbanandbuildingsFossilfuelsInfrastructureTransportEquityandSecurityInclusivenessandresilienceEconomiesBuildingTrust

throughanEquitableandInclusiveEnergyTransition5Geopoliticalandenergy

criseshavepushed

around120

million

peopleinto

extremepoverty,a

numberthatcould

riseto132

million

by2030.The

World

Economic

Forum’s

latest

FosteringEffective

Energy

Transition

report

highlightsthatdespite

a

decade

of

progress,

the

global

energytransition

has

plateaued

in

recent

years

due

toincreasing

challenges

to

energy

equity.

Geopoliticaland

energy

crises

have

pushed

around

120

millionandestablishedinfrastructure,makingtheirreplacementwithcleaneralternativescostlyandtechnologicallychallenging.Somecleanenergysolutionsofteninvolvehigherupfrontconstructioncostsperunitofnewenergycapacityandrequirenewinfrastructureandlanduse,impactinglocalareas.Whiletransitioningtocleanerenergyofferssecurityandgrowthopportunities,itcanalsointroducesubstantialcostsforindividualsandcompanies,particularlyinemerginganddevelopingeconomies,raisingcomplexquestionsaboutthedistributionofthetransition’sbene?tsandtheallocationofcostsandresponsibilities.AddingtothiscomplexityarethehistoricalcontributionsoftheGlobalNorthtoclimatechangeandthegrowingenergyneedsoftheGlobalSouth,whichisstrivingtodevelopeconomicallyandmeetenergydemandwhilenavigatingthetransitionwithlimited?nancialresourcesandhighercostsofcapitalthantheGlobalNorth.peopleinto

extreme

poverty,1a

number

that

couldrise

to132

million

by

2030.

Even

those

not

in2extreme

poverty

face

serious

energy

affordabilityissues

due

to

surging

energy

prices.

Approximately75

million

people

who

recently

gained

accesstoelectricity

may

losethe

ability

topay

for

it,

and

around100

million

may

revert

to

usingtraditional

biomassfor

cooking.households

(30.6

million)

strugglewithhigh

energyburdens,

withlow-income

households

experiencing3In

the

United

States

alone,

25%

of4energy

burdens

that

are

3.5times

higher

than

theaverage.

Consequently,

many

individualsare

forced

tomake

dif?cult

choices,

oftenforegoing

other

essentialsto

maintain

uninterruptedaccessto

energy.5Whilecleanenergyspendinghasincreasedinrecentyears,itremainsconcentratedinafewcountriesandsectors.Since2021,over90%ofcleanenergyinvestmentgrowthhasoccurredinadvancedeconomiesandChina.AlthoughcountrieslikeIndia,BrazilandpartsoftheMiddleEasthaveseenanincreaseincleanenergyinvestmentsandprojects,progresshasbeenslowerinmanyotheremerginganddevelopingeconomies,particularlyininvestmentsaimedatexpandingandmodernizinggrids.Factorssuchashigherinterestratesandcapitalcosts,unclearpolicyframeworks,and?nancialchallengesforutilitiesexacerbatethesedisparitiesanddeterEnergyinequalityisalong-standingissuethathasnowreachedacriticaljuncture.Disparitiesinincome,wealthandwell-being,drivenbyunequalopportunities,havemarginalizedasigni?cantportionofthepopulation,leadingtodisillusionment.Thespreadofmisinformation,increasingpolarizationoverclimateandenergytransitionpolicies,andgrowingcommunity-levelresistancetoexternallyimposedchangesandcleanenergyinfrastructureprojectsfurthercomplicatematters,erodingtrustingovernmentandbusinessapproachestoacceleratetheenergytransition.Thesefactorsmakeitchallengingforcompaniestoplanandinvesteffectively,potentiallyslowingdowntheenergytransitionandhinderingtheachievementofclimategoals,signi?cantlyaddingtoeconomic,socialandenvironmentalcosts.much-neededinvestments.6Thecurrentrelianceonemissions-intensiveenergysourcesisdrivenbycost-effectiveness,reliabilityA

delayedtransitionisestimatedtobe20%moreexpensivethana

gradualtransition,and$7.7trillionmore

expensivethananacceleratedpathway,withfourtimeshigherCO

emissions.2Wouters,F

andA.vanWijk,Speed,

the

Forgotten

Cost

Reduction

Factor

in

the

Energy

Transition,RenewableEnergyInstitute,2022.Inthecomingdecades,delaysintheenergytransitionarenotanoptioniftheworldistomeetitsdecarbonizationobjectives.However,

itiscrucialtorealizethatdecarbonizationisjustoneaspectofthebroaderenergytransitionthatrequiresattention.TheCOP28meetinghasintroducedthe“GlobalRenewablesandEnergyEf?ciencyPledge”,whichcallsfortriplingtherateofrenewablesexpansionanddoublingtherateofenergywinnersandlosers–

thewinnerswillbene?tfromcost-effectiveandcleanenergysources,

reducedemissionsandemploymentandinnovationopportunities,whileloserswillbeartheburdensofthetransition,suchashighcosts,joblossesorlimitedaccesstoopportunities.

To

bridgethese8gapsandensureanorderly,smoothandsuccessfultransitionforsociety,itisessentialtoboostcollaborationandprioritizeearlyactionsthatmakethebene?tsoftheenergytransitionaccessibletoall,securingbroad-basedacceptanceofthesechanges.ef?ciencyby2030asacrucialstepinlimitingglobalwarmingto1.5oC.

Achievingthisambitious7goalwillundoubtedlyrequireconsideringequityandinclusivityaspectstounlockthenecessaryinvestmentsandpromoteconsumeradoption.Ajust,equitableandinclusiveenergytransitionisnotonlyamoralimperative;itisasocial,economic,environmentalandgeopoliticalnecessity.Neglectingtoplacepeopleatthecoreofthisacceleratedandscaled-upeffortriskserodingthetrustnecessaryforastableandsecurefutureandjeopardizestheentireenergytransition.Countries,despitetheirdifferentstartingpointsandtransitionpathways,willundergoa

substantialtransformationinboththeirenergysystemsandsocieties,leadingtosigni?cantsocioeconomicimpacts.Ifnotmanagedproperly,itwillcreateBuildingTrust

throughanEquitableandInclusiveEnergyTransition6Understandinga

just,equitableandinclusiveenergytransition1Afairandsociallyresponsibleenergytransitionrequires

anuancedapproachthatbalancestheinterplayofjustice,equityandinclusivityprinciples.ThreefundamentalInrecentyears,thephrase“l(fā)eavingnoonebehind”hasgainedprominenceindiscussionsrelatedtotheenergytransition.Whilethisre?ectsagrowingrecognitionthattheenergytransitionmustextendbeyondtechnology,climateandcostconsiderationsensurefairoutcomesinresourceallocation,costdistributionandbene?tsharing.Proceduraljusticeemphasizesfairrepresentationandinclusivityindecision-makingwithintheenergysystem,whilerecognitionaljusticeacknowledgesandseekstorectifypastharmsorwrongs.12

Althoughtheconceptof“energyjustice”maymanifestdifferentlyfordifferentstakeholdersatthelocal,nationaloreveninternationallevelsbetweennations,theoverarchingprincipleisthecriticalneedtoavoidleavingbehindthosestillreliantonunabatedfossilfuels,whetheronthedemandorsupplysides.aspectsof

fairnessmust

be

maintainedthroughout

theenergytransitionprocess:distributional,procedural

andrecognitionaljustice.toprioritizesocio-economicaspects,

italso9highlightsafundamentalchallenge.Theterms“just”,“equitable”and“inclusive”energytransitionareoftenusedinterchangeably,yettheyeachcarryuniqueemphasisandimplicationsdespitesharingcommongoalsandprinciples.Attheoutset,itisimperativetoacknowledgethestartingpoint–alandscapemarkedbysigni?cantinjustices–andthecallto“l(fā)eavenoonebehind”underscoresthecriticalneedtoavoidperpetuatingexistingdisparities.Althoughthetaxonomysurroundingtheseconceptsisevolvingandrequiresfurtherre?nement,itisimportanttounderstandthatthepursuitofajusttransitioninvariablycentresonthecoreprinciplesofequityandinclusivity.Inthiscontext,distributionalandrecognitionaljusticeconvergeintotheconceptofenergyequity.Thisentailsaffordableaccesstomodernandcleanformsofenergyforall,supportingthecontinuityofeconomicdevelopment13

andensuringthatthebene?tsandopportunitiesoftransitioningtoasustainableandcleanenergysystemareaccessibletoandsharedamongallsegmentsofsociety.14Addressingexistinginequalitiesisintegraltothisprocess.Equityeffortsoftenprioritizepreventinghistoricallymarginalizedorvulnerablecommunitiesfrombearingadisproportionateburdenofnegativeimpacts.Thisextendstoaspectssuchasthecostofenergyforconsumersorthetransitionofjobsrelatedtoenergysectorsandinfrastructure.In2015,theInternationalLabourOrganizationde?nedajusttransitionas“greeningtheeconomyinawaythatisasfairandinclusiveaspossibletoeveryoneconcerned,creatingdecentworkopportunitiesandleavingnoonebehind”.10

Atalocallevel,achievingajusttransitionmeansavoidingthecreationofnewsourcesofemissionslock-inandincreaseddependenceofsmall-andmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)andpublicrevenueonemission-intensiveindustries.Additionally,itinvolvesacknowledgingandaddressingexistinginequitiesandenvironmentallegaciesoftenleftbehindbytheseindustries.11Theelementofproceduraljusticealignswiththeconceptofinclusivityandemphasizestheactiveparticipationandrepresentationofallstakeholders,regardlessoftheirbackgrounds,indecision-makingprocessesrelatedtotheenergytransition.15

Itaimstocreateopportunitiesformeaningfulstakeholderengagement,ensuringthatdiversevoicesandperspectivesarenotonlyheardbutalsointegratedintoenergysystemplanning,policydevelopmentandtheinclusivedevelopmentofallwithinplanetaryboundaries(seeFigure2).Withintheenergyjusticeframework,where“justtransition”isasubset,threefundamentalaspectsoffairnessmustbemaintainedthroughouttheenergytransitionprocess:distributional,proceduralandrecognitionaljustice.DistributionaljusticeaimstoBuildingTrust

throughanEquitableandInclusiveEnergyTransition7FIGURE2

TheinterconnectionofdifferenttaxonomiesAfair,

sociallyresponsibleandpeople-centredenergytransitionEnergyjusticeJustenergytransitionInclusivityEquityDistributionaljusticeRecognitionaljusticeProceduraljusticeTheutilizationoftheseinterconnectedprinciplesvariesbyregionandisshapedbycurrentpriorities,historicalcontextsandthespeci?cchallengesandconditionswithineachregion’s

uniqueenergytransitionjourney.InNorthAmericaandEurope,thefocusismainlyonaddressinghistoricaldisparitiesinenvironmentalburdensandimplementingprogrammesandpoliciestopromotesocialwelfarewhiletransitioningworkersawayfromcoalanddecarbonizingtheenergysector.

InLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,thejusttransitionconcepthasgainedtractioninrecentyearsandisbeingendorsedbytradeunionsandenvironmentalandsocialorganizationstoensureafairshifttowardsaclimate-neutraleconomythatbene?tsall.16isonexpandingenergyaccesstoremoteandunderservedcommunitiesthroughcleanenergyinitiatives,drivingeconomicdevelopmentandalleviatingenergypoverty.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,low-incomecountriestypicallyprioritizeensuringaffordableenergyaccess,whilehigh-incomecountriesengageindiscussionscentredonaddressingeconomicimplications,deployingenergyreformsandcreatingneweconomicopportunities.Theyalsoaimtomitigatethesocialandeconomicimpactsassociatedwithdiversifyingtheenergymix.Thepursuitofa“just,equitableandinclusiveenergytransition”demandsanuancedapproachthatrecognizestheinterplaybetweenthesetaxonomies.Whileitisessentialtode?neeachtermforclarity,consistencyandsharedunderstanding,anarrowprioritizationofoneconceptcouldleadtounintendedconsequencesorexacerbatedisparitiesinotherareas.Thesigni?canceliesinintegratingallthreeconceptstoadvanceafairandsociallyresponsibleenergytransitionthatbene?tseveryonewhileminimizingadverseimpactsonthemostvulnerablepopulations.InAsia,countriesgrapplewiththechallengeofbalancinggrowingpopulations,industrializationandenergydemandwithsocialandenvironmentalresponsibilities.

The

region’s

focus

ison

leveraging

theenergytransitiontofostereconomicdevelopment,raise

livingstandards,

enhanceenergysecurity,reduce

electricity

costs

and

improve

energyaccessibility.17

Sub-Saharan

Africa’s

primaryfocusBuildingTrust

throughanEquitableandInclusiveEnergyTransition8BOX1

ASEAN18

leaderssharedjusttransitionprinciplesTheASEANregionisatapivotalpointasitgrappleswithtransitioningitsenergysectoragainstthebackdropofarapidlyexpandingpopulation,expectedtoexceed700millionby2030withanannualgrowthrateof3%andrisingenergydemand.Recognizingthischallenge,theWorldEconomicForumestablishedtheASEANLeadersforJustEnergyTransition(JET),acommunityofSouth-EastAsianbusinessleaderswhosevisionistoensureanequitableandreliableenergytransitiondrivenbyinvestmentsincleanenergy,supportivepolicies,andknowledgeexchangewithintheregion.theirprinciplesandmission,emphasizingtheimportanceofcollaborationinfosteringunderstandingamongdiversestakeholdersandunderscoringthemission’s

signi?cance.Advancinga

just,equitableandinclusiveenergytransitioninASEANrequiresconcertedeffortsinfourkeyareas:1)mobilizingfundsforcleanenergyprojects

throughpublic-privatepartnershipsandinternational

cooperation,2)promoting

regionalcollaborationtoenablecross-borderenergytradingandregional

infrastructuredevelopment,3)aligningenergypoliciesandregulations

acrossnationstosupportcleanenergydevelopment,and4)providingopportunitiestominimizethesocioeconomic

impacts

on

vulnerable

communities.Despitemakingnotableprogress,ASEAN’sEnergyTransitionIndexscoresslightlylagbehindtheglobalaverage,primarilyduetoadeclineinthe“sustainability”dimension.TheJETcommunityrecognizeskeychallengessuchassecuring?nancingforcleanenergy,developingnewpowerinfrastructuretomeetgrowingdemandanddecarbonizingenergysystemswhileensuringaffordability.Inresponse,thecommunitycrafted“shared

aspirations”,whichencapsulateTheASEANJETLeadershaveembarkedonatransformativemissiontodrivearapid,justandinclusiveenergytransitionintheregion.Throughcollaborationandinnovation,theyaspiretosetaglobalexampleforwhatcanbeachievedwhendiversestakeholderscometogethertoaddresscomplexchallengesanddrivepositivechange.BuildingTrust

throughanEquitableandInclusiveEnergyTransition9Recognizing

symptoms

ofanunjust,inequitableandnon-inclusivetransition2Emergingsignsofanunevenenergytransitionrevealthecrucialneedforstrategicpolicyadjustmentsand?nancialreallocations.Inanevolvingglobaleconomy,countriesmustthattheconsequencesandsymptomsofanunequaltransitionarebeingfeltona

globalscale,albeitatvariouspointsandinvaryingways.19

Below,thesymptomsofanunjust,inequitableandnon-inclusiveenergytransitionaresummarized(seeTable

1):progresstheirenergytransitionatdistinctpacesandtailorittotheirspeci?ccircumstances.Thisapproachiscriticalforavoidingpotentialshort-termdisruptionsthat

couldoffset

long-term

gains.

However,

it

is

evidentTABLE

1

EmergingsymptomsofanunequaltransitionEnergyaccess–Recentprogresstowardsuniversalenergyaccessby2030hasbeenunevenandinsuf?cient,particularlyindevelopingcountriesandpoorandremotecommunities,leadingtoanoverallincreaseinenergypoverty.––Over775millionpeoplestilllackaccesstoelectricity(withabout600millioninSub-SaharanAfrica),20while2.3billionlackaccessto