BodyLanguage身體語言英文課件12024/3/23CATALOGUE目錄IntroductiontoBodyLanguageBasicElementsofBodyLanguageInterpretingBodyLanguageSignalsCulturalVariationsinBodyLanguageApplicationsofBodyLanguageKnowledge22024/3/2301IntroductiontoBodyLanguage32024/3/23Bodylanguagereferstothenon-verbalcommunicationsthatweusetoexpressourfeelings,thoughts,andattributesthroughphysicalbehaviorssuchaslegalexpressions,eyecontacts,styles,posts,andspatialrelationshipsDefinitionBodylanguageplaysacriticalroleincommunicationasitcanconveymessagesthatwordsalonecannotbeItcanbecompleted,reinforced,orevendirectverbalcommunication,andisessentialforbuildingtrustandrapportinrelationshipsImportanceDefinitionandImportanceofBodyLanguage42024/3/23FunctionsofBodyLanguageinCommunicationExpressingEmotions:BodylanguageisapowerfultoolforexpressingemotionsFacialexpressions,styles,andpostscancommunicatehappiness,safety,anger,fear,andotheremotionsShowingConfidence:Confidentbodylanguage,suchasstandingtall,makingeyecontact,andsliming,canhelpyouprojectapositiveandassertiveimageBuildingTrust:ConsistentandopenbodylanguagecanhelpestablishtrustinrelationshipsForexample,maintainingeyecontactandnoddingtoshowunderstandingcancommunicatehonestyandsingularityManagingRelationships:Bodylanguagecanhelpmanagerelationshipsbycommunicatingaspects,empathies,andothersocialnormsForinstance,maintainingappropriatepersonalspaceandusinginclusivestructurescanfosterasenseofbeingandobserving52024/3/23CrossCulturalDifferencesinBodyLanguageFacialExpressions:FacialexpressionscanvarywidelyacrossculturesForexample,whilesmokingisgenerallyseenasapositiveexpressioninmostcultures,itmaybeinterpretedasasignofweaknessorinsincerityinsomeculturesEyeContact:TheimportanceofeyecontactalsodiffersacrossculturesInsomecultures,directeyecontactisexpectedandseenasasignofhonestyandinterest,whileinothersitmaybeconsidereddistinctorasignofaggregationGestures:GesturescanhavedifferentmeansindifferentculturesForinstance,thethumbsupstyleisseenasasignofapprovalinmanyculturesbutisconsideredruleinsomecountriesPersonalSpace:TheamountofpersonalspacethatpeopleexpecttomaintainwheninteractingwithotherscanvarysignificantlyacrossculturesSomeculturesmayprefercloserproximitywhencommunicating,whileothersvaluemorepersonalspace62024/3/2302BasicElementsofBodyLanguage72024/3/23FacialExpressionsThefaceisthemostexpressivepartofthebody,capableofconveyingawiderangeofemotionsCommonfinancialexpressionsincludehappiness,sadness,anger,surprise,fear,anddoubtEyeContactEyecontactisapowerfulformofnon-verbalcommunicationItcanindicateinterest,confidence,honesty,orattractionAvoidingeyecontactcansuggestshyness,dishonesty,orlakeofconfidenceEyebrowMovementRainingeyebrowscanindicatesurpriseorcurvature,whilefurrowingthemcansignalangleorfusionFacialExpressionsandEyeContact82024/3/23GesturesHandandarmmovementscancommunicateavarietyofmessagesForexample,wavinghelloorGoodbye,pointingtoindicatedirection,orusinghandstylestoemphasizespeechPosturesThewayapersonstandsorsitescanreceivemuchabouttheirattitudeandemotionalstateConfirmedpeopletendtostandtallandupright,whilethoselickingconfidencemaysliporhunchtheirshouldersHeadMovementsNoddingtheheadmanuallyindicatesagreementorunderstanding,whileshadingtheheadsidetosidetypicallymeansdisagreementordenialGesturesandPostures92024/3/23Tone01Thetoneofvoicecanaccommodateemotionssuchashappiness,sadness,anger,orsurpriseApleasanttonecanmakepeoplefeelcomfortable,whileahashtonecancreatetensionPitch02TheheightorlossofthevoicecanaffecthowpeopleperceiveamessageAhighpitchcansoundexcitedornegative,whilealowpitchcansoundcalorauthoritativeVolume03SpeakingloudorsoftcanalsohaveimpactcommunicationLoudvolumecanindicateexceptionorangle,whilesoftvolumecansuggestshynessorlakeofconfidenceVocalElementssuchasTone,Pitch,andVolume102024/3/23ProxemicsThisreferstotheuseofspaceanddistanceincommunicationPeoplefromdifferentculturesmayhavedifferentcomfortlevelswithpersonalspaceStandingtooclosetosomeonecanmakethemfeeluncomfortable,whilestandingtoofarawaycanmakecommunicationdifficult要點一要點二PersonalSpaceTheamountofpersonalspacepeoplerequirecanvarydependingonculturalnormsandpersonalpreferencesInsomecultures,itisacceptabletostandclosetoothersduringconversation,whileinothersmaintainingagreaterdistanceispreferredProxemicsandPersonalSpace112024/3/2303InterpretingBodyLanguageSignals122024/3/23UnderstandingNonverbalCuesinDifferentContextsNonverbalcuescanindicatepowerdynamicsbetweenindividuals,suchaseyecontact,pose,andspatialdistancePowerDynamicsBodylanguagevariesacrosscultures,soit'simportanttounderstandthenormsandexpectationsofnon-verbalcommunicationindifferentculturalcontextsCulturalDifferencesBodylanguagecanchangedependingonthesocialsettings,soasinabusinessmeeting,acasualconversation,oraromanticdateSocialSettings132024/3/23MixedMessagesPeoplemaysayonethingverballybutcommunicatesomethingdifferentnon-verbally,soasslimingwhilesayingsomethingnegativeIncongruencebetweenverbalandnon-verbalmessagescanbeasignofperception,aspeoplemayhavediversecontroloverbothsidesSometimes,people'swordsandbodylanguagemaynotmatchduetoemotionaldisconnectorinternalconflictConceptDetectionEmotionalDisconnectRecognizingIncongruencebetweenVerbalandNonVerbalMessages142024/3/23010203ClustersofCuesComplexbodylanguagepatternsofteninvolveclustersofCuesthatworktogethertocommunicateamessage,suchaslegalexpressions,styles,andpostsMicroexpressionsMicroexpressionsarebrief,includingfactualexpressionsthatareconsideredhiddenemotionsTheyaredifficulttocontrolandcanprovideclubsaboutaperson'struefeelingsBodyLanguageandPersonalityPeople'sbodylanguagecanreflectaspectsoftheirpersonality,suchastheirlevelofconfidence,openness,oraggregationAnalyzingbodylanguagepatternscanhelpunderstandanindividual'scharactertraitsAnalyzingComplexBodyLanguagePatterns152024/3/2304CulturalVariationsinBodyLanguage162024/3/23FarewellritualsalsohavebufferacrossculturesInsomecultures,itiscustomarytosayGoodbyeandthenwalkaway,whileinothers,soasintheMiddleEast,itiscommontosayGoodbyeandthenstandandwatchtheotherpersonleaveInsomecultures,suchasintheUnitedStates,itiscommontoshakehandswhenmeetingsomeone,whileinothercultures,suchasinJapan,aslimnodorbowisthepreferredmeetingTheuseofKissesontheCheekorHugsasgreetingsvarieswidelyacrossculturesInsomeLatinAmericancountries,forexample,itiscommontomeetsomeonewithakissontheCheek,whileinmanyAsiancultures,thistypeofphysicalcontactismanylesscommonGreetingandFarewellRitualsacrossCultures172024/3/23Thethumbsupstructure,whichiscommonlyusedinmanyculturestoindicateapprovaloragreement,canhaveaverydifferentmeaninginotherculturesInsomepartsoftheMiddleEastandAsia,forexample,thethumbsupstructurecanbeconsideredruleorofferTheOKstructure,formedbyconnectingthethumbandforerunnerintoacirclewiththeotherthreefingersextended,hasapositivemeaninginmanyculturesbutcanbeconsideredofferinginsomecultures,soasinBrazilandpartsofEuropeWavingone'shandbackandforthcanmean"hello"or"goodbye"insomecultures,whileinothersitcanbeasignalforsomeonetocomecloserorindicatethatsomethingisnotimportantGesturesthatHaveDifferentMeaningsinDifferentCultures182024/3/23NormsforEyeContactandPersonalSpaceVarybyCultureInsomecultures,suchasintheUnitedStatesandEurope,maintainingeyecontactduringaconversationisconsideredimportantforestablishingtrustandcredibilityInothercultures,suchasinmanyAsiancountries,avoidingdirecteyecontactisconsideredmorerelevantTheamountofpersonalspacethatpeoplerequirevarieswidelyacrossculturesInsomecultures,suchasinLatinAmericaandtheMiddleEast,peopletendtostandclosertogetherwhentalking,whileinothercultures,suchasinNorthernEurope,peopleprefermorepersonalspaceTouchingsomeoneduringaconversationalsovariesbycultureInsomecultures,itiscommontotouchsomeone'sarmorshouldertogettheirattentionortoemphasizeapoint,whileinothers,thistypeofphysicalcontactisconsideredinvasiveorinappropriate192024/3/2305ApplicationsofBodyLanguageKnowledge202024/3/23Understandingnon-verbalcuesBodylanguagecanaccommodateawiderangeofemotionsandintentionsthatarenotalwaysexpressedverballyBylearningtointerpretthesecures,individualscanimprovetheirabilitytounderstandandempathizewithothersBui