賓語(yǔ)從句

1.定義：在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。

2.連接詞：

連接詞是否有意義是否做成分是否可以省略

在不影響句意的情

that無(wú)意義

況下，可省略

從屬連詞不作成分，從句完整

有意義，

whether,if不可省略

“是否”

who,whom,whose,

what,which,

連接代詞作成分，從句不完整

whoever,whichever;

有意義不可省略

whatever

when,where,why,

連接副詞作狀語(yǔ)，句子完整

how

3.that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，由于只起連接作用，本身沒有意義,所以常常省略，特別是在believe,

think,know,say等動(dòng)詞的后面。

Eg:Hebelieved(that)thatmanwasacriminal.

Thegirlknows(that)herparentswon'tlietoher.

Doyouthink(that)ourteamwillwinthegame.

Thereisnodoubt(that)it'sgoingtorainsoon.

4.if、whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

(1)if、whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“是否”，不可省略

Eg:Idon'tknowif/whetherhewillcome.

Billwonderedif/whetherhecouldgetsomeadvicefromhisfriends.

(2)一般情況下，if和whether可互換使用，但在以下情況通常用whether,不用if

①當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前

Eg:Whethertheycanhelpyou,Kmnotsure.

②與or連用時(shí)

Eg:Iwonderwhetherhewillpickmeupornot.

③與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)

Eg:Theydon/tdecidewhethertovisittheirteachers.

④作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

Eg:Itdependsonwhetherwecangetthepermission.

5.連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whichever,whatever具有意義，除了連

接主從句外，還在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

①在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)

Eg:Achildknowswholoveshimtruly.

Thepolicemenfoundoutwhatcausedtheaccident.

②在賓語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)

Eg:Theywanttoknowwhichhelikesbest.

Hebelievedwhateverhisbrothersaid.

③在賓語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)

Eg:Doyouknowwhoheis?

Idon'tcarewhoseitis.

④在賓語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)

Eg:Idon'tknowwhichbookisLily's.

Thelittlegirlwanderedwhosecandyitwas.

6.連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

連接副詞when,where,why,how具有意義，除了連接主從句外，還在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)、

時(shí)間、原因、方式方法、程度等狀語(yǔ)。

Eg:Hisparentsdidn'tdecidewhentheyweregoingtoleave.

Herealizedwherehelefthiswallet.

Iwonderedwhymywatchdidn'twork.

Shewantstoknowhowwegetthere.

Mostvillagersknowhowdeeptheriveris.

7.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞位于從句句首，從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。

Eg:Thereportertoldmewherethescientistlived.

ForeignersarealwaysaskedwhatChinesefoodtheylikebest.

Allthestudentswanttoknowiftheartfestivalwillbeheld.

8.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要保持時(shí)態(tài)一致，一般遵循以下原則：

⑴當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可用任何所需要的的時(shí)態(tài)，不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制和影響

Eg:Hethinkshissisterisverysmart.

Manypeopleguessthisregulationwilltakeeffectsoon.

Shedoesn'tbelieveherhusbandliedtoher.

(2)當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句需使用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)

①當(dāng)主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生

Eg:Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn'tknowwhichcountryhe

wasin.

②當(dāng)主句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，從句動(dòng)作后發(fā)生

Eg:Hepromisedhewouldgotothemovieswithus

③當(dāng)主句動(dòng)作后發(fā)生，從句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生

Eg:Bensaidhehadfinishedreadingthebook.

④當(dāng)從句表示客觀真理或事實(shí)

Eg:Myfathertoldmethemoontravelsaroundtheearth.

9.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第一、三人稱，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示“想、認(rèn)為”等意義的詞，如think,believe,

suppose,expect等，從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。

Eg:Idon'tthinkheishonest.

Hedoesn/tbelievehecanpasstheexam.

10.賓語(yǔ)從句中that不能省略的情況

(1)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可以省略

Eg:Irealize(that)I'minchargeandthateveryoneacceptsmyleadership.

(2)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中that不能省略

Eg:Themovieisunsatisfactoryinthatitdoesn'thaveahappyending.

(3)當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)，后面的that不能省略

Eg:Somestudentsconsideritdifficultthattheycanlearnmathwell.

(4)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是this、that或被this、that修飾時(shí)，連接詞that不可以省略

Eg:Theteachersaidthatthiswordcouldn'tbeusedlikethat.

練習(xí)：

1.-Whatdidhesayjustnow?

-Heasked___

A.iftheywouldmeetat10o*clockB.whenwouldtheystart

C.thattheywouldtakesomefoodD.howtheywillgetthere

2."I'mgoingtobuyacomputer.Anyadvice?

-Well,itdependson

A.whenwillyoubuyoneB.whatcolordoyoulike

C.howmuchyoucanaffordD.whereareyoudriving

3.-canyoutellme_?

-Africa.

A.whatthelionlikeseatingB.whythelionlooksunhappy

C.whenthelionwasbornD.wherethelioncomesfrom

4-I'dliketoknow.

-Maybeintheforest.

A.whetherwewillgocampingB.wherewewillgocamping

C.whetherwillwegocampingD.wherewillwegocamping

5.Couldyoutellme_amomentago?

A.whatweretheytalkingaboutB.whataretheytalkingabout

C.whattheyweretalkingaboutD.whattheyaretalkingabout

6.-Ididn'tseeDavidthismorning.Doyouknow_hewasn'tatschool?

-Hewasill.

A.howB.whetherC.whenD.why

7.-I'msorrytobelate.

-Couldyoutellme___?

A.whyyouarelateagainBwhyareyoulateagain

C.whatwereyoudoingD.whodidyoutalkwith

8.-Couldyoupleasetellmeyouwillgotoworktomorrow?

-Sure.KIItakeabus.

AwhetherB.whyC.whenD.how

9.Erictoldme_tobeinBeijingagain.

A.howhappyhewasB.howhehappywas

C.howhappywasheD.howwashehappy

10.1knewthatthesunintheeastwhenIwasveryyoung.

A.willriseB.roseC.riseD.rises

11.-Doyouknowhewouldbesuccessfulornot?

-Sorry,I'venoidea.

A.thatB.whether