1、汽車專業(yè)英語讀譯教程（第3版）TEXT A課后練習(xí)題(EXERCISES)參考答案UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICSTEXT A The Basic Components of an Automobile/ Answer the following questions:There are two types of engine. What are they?There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compressi

2、on-ignition engine).What are the functions of the lubrication system?The lubrication system has four functions:It cuts down friction by coating moving parts with oil.It produces a seal between the piston rings and the cylinder walls.It carries away sludge, dirt, and acids.It cools the engine by circ

3、ulating the motor oil.What are the components of the power train system?The power train system comprises clutch, transmission, propeller shaft, rear axle and differential and the driving road wheels.What are the three main functions of the braking system?The braking system on a vehicle has three mai

4、n functions. It must be able to reduce the speed of the vehicle, when necessary; it must be able to stop the car in as short a distance as possible; it must be able to hold the vehicle stationary./. Translate the following terms into Chinese:sedan 轎車convertible 活頂汽車pick-up皮卡(輕卡)The torque converter

5、replaces the conventional clutch. It has three functions:It allows the engine to idle with the vehicle at a standstill, even with the transmission or transaxle in gear.Tt allows the transmission or transaxle to shift from range-to-range smoothly, without requiring that the driver close the throttle

6、during the shift.It multiplies engine torque to an increasing extent as vehicle speed drops and throttle opening is increased. This has the effect of making the transmission or transaxle more responsive and reduces the amount of shifting required.There are two pressures which affect the operation of

7、 the shift valves. What are they?One is the governor pressure which is affected by vehicle speed. The other is the modulator pressure which is affected by intake manifold vacuum or throttle position.What are the three elements of a planetary gear set ?The three elements are: an outer gear that is sh

8、aped like a hoop, with teeth cut into the inner surface; a sun gear, mounted on a shaft and located at the very center of the outer gear; and a set of four planet gears, held by pins in a ring-like planet carrier, meshing with both the sun gear and the outer gearII. Translate the following paragraph

9、s into Chinese:The computer uses sensors on the engine and transmission to detect such things as throttle position, vehicle speed, engine speed, engine load, stop light switch position, etc. to control exact shift points as well as how soft or firm the shift should be. Some computerized transmission

10、s even learn your driving style and constantly adapt to it so that every shift is timed precisely when you would need it.計(jì)算機(jī)使用發(fā)動機(jī)和變速器上的傳感器來檢測油門位置、車速、發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、 發(fā)動機(jī)負(fù)荷、制動燈開關(guān)位置等，以便控制精確的換檔點(diǎn)，以及換檔的軟硬程度。一些計(jì)算 機(jī)控制的變速器甚至學(xué)習(xí)你的駕駛風(fēng)格，并不斷適應(yīng)這種風(fēng)格，以便當(dāng)你需要換擋時(shí)的每一 次換擋時(shí)機(jī)都很精確。Because of computer controls, sports models are comi

11、ng out with the ability to take manual control of the transmission as though it were a stick shift, allowing the driver to select gears manually. This is accomplished on some cars by passing the shift lever through a special gate, then tapping it in one direction or the other in order to up-shift or

12、 down-shift at will. The computer monitors this activity to make sure that the driver does not select a gear that could over speed the engine and damage it.由于計(jì)算機(jī)控制，運(yùn)動車型能夠手動控制變速器，就像變速桿換擋一樣， 允許駕駛員手動選擇檔位。在一些汽車上是這樣實(shí)現(xiàn)的：通過將換檔桿移入一個(gè)專門的換擋 槽，然后按照意愿在一個(gè)方向或另一個(gè)方向點(diǎn)擊換擋桿，實(shí)現(xiàn)升檔或降檔。計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控此活 動，以確保駕駛員不能選擇會讓發(fā)動機(jī)超速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)而引起發(fā)動機(jī)損壞

13、的檔位。UNIT 10 BRAKING SYSTEMSTEXT A Basic Braking System and ABS/. Answer the following questions:What are the three types of braking systems in use?Today, there are three types of braking systems in use: service braking system, parking braking system and additional retarder braking system.There are f

14、our main components to an ABS system, what are they?There are four main components to an ABS system: speed sensors, pump, valves and controller.What is a four-channel and four-sensor ABS?Four-channel, four-sensor ABS - This is the best scheme. There is a speed sensor on all four wheels and a separat

15、e valve for all four wheels. With this setup, the controller monitors each wheel individually to make sure it is achieving maximum braking force.What is the function of the ABS pump ?The pump returns the brake fluid taken from the wheel cylinder while the pressure is lowered. The pump is designed to

16、 maintain separation of the 2 braking circuits.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese:One of the greatest contributions to automotive safety was the advent of anti-lock braking systems. Anti-lock braking systems （ABS） allow maintaining directional control of the vehicle during braking. While

17、 benefits from ABS can be derived （得至U,起源）on dry pavement （路面） driving, the most substantial benefits are witnessed（目睹，說明）under adverse traction conditions. Braking systems operate on the principle that motion energy is removed from the vehicle in the form of heat and dissipated.對汽車平安的最大貢獻(xiàn)之一是防抱死制動系統(tǒng)

18、的出現(xiàn)。防抱死制 動系統(tǒng)（ABS）允許在制動期間保持對車輛的方向控制。雖然在干燥路面駕駛中可以因ABS 而獲益，但在不利的牽引條件下可看到最實(shí)質(zhì)性的好處。制動系統(tǒng)的工作原理是運(yùn)動能量以 熱的形式從車輛上移走并消散掉。UNIT 11 SUSPENSION AND STEERING SYSTEMSTEXT A Basic Parts and Types of the Suspension and Steering Systems/. Answer the following questions:What is the purpose of any suspension system?The pur

19、pose of any suspension system is to allow the body of the vehicle to travel forward with a minimum amount of up-and-down movement.List the main components of a suspension system?Vehicle frame, springs, shock absorbers, and control armsWhat are the two major types of independent front suspensions?The

20、 two major types of independent front suspension are the conventional front suspension and the MacPherson strut front suspension.What is the advantage of the MacPherson strut?The advantage of the MacPherson strut is its compact design, which allows more room for service on small car bodies.The basic

21、 steering system can be divided into three main assemblies, what are they?The basic steering system can be divided into three main assemblies:The spindle and steering arm assemblies.The linkage assembly connecting the steering arms and steering gear.The steering wheel, steering shaft, and steering g

22、ear assembly.What are the three types of the steering gears in use?There are three types of the steering gears in use: recirculating ball steering gear, worm-and-roller steering gear and rack-and-pinion steering gear.Translate the following sentences into Chinese:The two major types of independent f

23、ront suspension are the conventional front suspension and the MacPherson strut front suspension.兩種主要類型的獨(dú)立前懸架是傳統(tǒng)前懸 架和麥克弗森滑柱前懸架。The MacPherson strut contains a coil spring, which is mounted on top of the heavy strut-and-pedestal assembly.麥克弗森滑柱包含一個(gè)螺旋彈簧，該彈簧安裝在沉重的滑柱-底座 組件的頂部。The advantage of the MacPher

24、son strut is its compact design, which allows more room for service on small car bodies.麥克弗森滑柱的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是設(shè)計(jì)緊湊，這允許小型汽車車身有更多 的空間可供利用。When the vehicle has an independent rear suspension system, coil springs, MacPherson struts, a single transverse leaf spring, or even torsion bars can be used.當(dāng)車輛裝有獨(dú)立后懸架系 統(tǒng)時(shí)，可以

25、使用螺旋彈簧、麥克弗森滑柱、單個(gè)橫向葉片彈簧，甚至是扭力桿。On the rack-and-pinion steering system, the steering shaft is connected directly to the pinion shaft.在齒條.齒輪轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)上，轉(zhuǎn)向軸直接與小齒輪軸相連接。Power steering systems should ease steering wheel manipulation and, at the same time, offer enough resistance so that the driver can retain som

26、e road feel.動力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)應(yīng)便于方向盤 的操縱，同時(shí)，提供足夠的阻力，使駕駛員可以保持一些路感。UNIT 12 BODY ELECTRICAL SYSTEMSTEXT A Supplemental Restraint System/. Answer the following questions:List the main components of a SRS system.Air bag module, front impact sensor, a clock spring, low pressure switch and a diagnostic module.What is

27、the purpose of a safing sensor?Its function is to determine that a crash has occurred.How to handle a live air bag module?At no time should any source of electricity be permitted near the inflator on the back of the module. When carrying a live module, the trim cover should be pointed away from the

28、body to minimize injury in the event of accidental deployment. In addition, if the module is placed on a bench or other surface, the plastic trim cover should be face up to minimize movement in case of accidental deployment.When handling a steering column with an air bag module attached, never place

29、 the column on the floor or other surface with the steering wheel or module face down.How to handle a deployed air bag module?The vehicle interior may contain a very small amount of sodium hydroxide powder, a by-product of air bag deployment. Since this powder can irritate the skin, eyes, nose or th

30、roat, be sure to wear safety glasses, rubber gloves and long sleeves during cleanup.If you find that the cleanup is irritating your skin, run cool water over the affected area. Also, if you experience nasal or throat irritation, exit the vehicle for fresh air until the irritation ceases, if irritati

31、on continues, see a physician.Begin the cleanup by putting tape over the two air bag exhaust vents so that no additional powder will find its way into the vehicle interior. Then remove the air bag and air bag module from the vehicle.Use a vacuum cleaner to remove any residual powder from the vehicle

32、 interior. Work from the outside in so that you avoid kneeling or sitting in an uncleaned area.Be sure to vacuum the heater and A/C outlets as well. In fact its a good idea to run the blower on low and to vacuum up any powder expelled from the plenum. You may need to vacuum the interior of the car a

33、 second time to recover all of the powder.Check with the local authorities before disposing of the deployed bag and module in your trash.After an air bag has been deployed, the air bag module and clock spring must be replaced because they cannot be reused. Other air bag system components should be r

34、eplaced with new ones if damaged.II. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:The bag itself is made of a thin, nylon fabric, which is folded into the steering wheel or dashboard or, more recently, the seat or door. The sensor is the device that tells the bag to inflate. A mechanical switch i

35、s flipped when there is a mass shift that closes an electrical contact, telling the sensors that a crash has occurred. The sensors receive information from an accelerometer built into a microchip.氣袋本身是由一種薄薄的尼龍織物制成的，它可以折疊在方向盤或儀表盤上，或者最近 也可以折疊在座椅或門上。傳感器是告訴氣袋充氣的裝置。當(dāng)質(zhì)量移動時(shí)，機(jī)械開關(guān)會翻轉(zhuǎn), 電氣觸點(diǎn)閉合，這是在告訴傳感器發(fā)生了碰撞。這些

36、傳感器從微芯片內(nèi)置的加速度計(jì)接收信 息。When carrying a live air bag, make sure the bag and trim cover are pointed away from the body. In the unlikely event of an accidental deployment, the bag will then deploy with minimal chance of injury. When placing a live air bag on a bench or other surface, always face the bag a

37、nd trim cover up, away from the surface. This will reduce the motion of the module if it is accidentally deployed.攜帶尚未張開的平安氣囊時(shí)，應(yīng)確保氣囊和裝飾蓋背離車身。這樣，在不太可能發(fā)生的 意外張開的情況下，氣袋張開所造成的傷害機(jī)會最小。將尚未張開的平安氣囊放在工作臺或 其他外表上時(shí)，應(yīng)始終始終將氣囊裝飾蓋外表朝上。這樣，如果氣囊模塊意外張開，會減少 該模塊的運(yùn)動量。UNIT 13 AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTERS ANDCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMTEXT

38、A Computers on Modern Vehicles/ Answer the following questions:List the three major subsystems of the computer control system.Computer, input sensors and output devices.List the four basic types of permanent computer memory.Read only memory (ROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), erasable progr

39、ammable read only memory (EPROM), and electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM).II. Choose the best answer for each of the followings:Which of the following types of computer memory stores data temporarily? aRAMROMPROMEPROMDiagnostic trouble modes are stored in a?RAMROMPROMAll o

40、f the above.When does the ECU go into open loop mode? cWhen the engine is at normal temperature.When the engine is at middle speed.When the engine is at wide open throttle.When the engine is at lighter load.When does the ECU go into closed loop mode? aWhen the engine has warmed up sufficiently.When

41、the engine is at middle speed.When the engine is at middle load.When the engine is at lighter load.UNIT 14 ELECTRIC AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLESTEXT A Electric VehiclesI .Answer the following questions:How are electric vehicles classified?Electric vehicles are broadly categorized into four groups based o

42、n the electric design of their powertrains, namely battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs).What arc employed by PHEVs?PHEVs employ both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine, wh

43、ich can use gasoline or diesel.Il.Put the following paragraphs into Chinese:The propulsion system in FCEVs is more efficient than those in the conventional ICEVs(internal combustion engine vehicles), and they do not emit any pollutants. FCEVs can be fueled within 10 minutes and they can drive up to

44、300 miles. FCEV的推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)比傳統(tǒng)的ICEV (內(nèi)燃機(jī) 車輛)的推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)效率更高，而且不會排放任何污染物。FCEV可以在10分鐘內(nèi)加完燃料， 并且可行駛3。0英里。Unlike BEVs and PHEVs, the FCEVs do not use power grid to charge their batteries. Also, their onboard batteries are fairly small in size compared to those of BEVs, PHEVs, and HEVs. The disadvantages of FCEVs incl

45、uded having limited networks of hydrogen fueling stations, and the technology being still in its infancy stages.與BEV及PHEV不同，F(xiàn)CEV不使用電網(wǎng)給電池 充電。此外，與BEV、PHEV及HEV相比，F(xiàn)CEV的車載電池的尺寸也相當(dāng)小。FCEV的缺點(diǎn) 包括氫加油站網(wǎng)絡(luò)有限，而且這項(xiàng)技術(shù)仍處于起步階段。Parallel hybrid drive. A mechanical gearbox is required. Both drives are connected to the m

46、echanical gearbox, and only one electric machine is necessary. 并聯(lián)式混合動力。需要有個(gè) 機(jī)械齒輪箱。兩個(gè)驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)都連接到機(jī)械變速箱，且只需要一臺電機(jī)。UNIT 15 New Battery Electric VehiclesTEXT A Development of New Battery Electric VehiclesI .Answer the following questions:What are the battery electric vehicles for new product development proc

47、ess framework?The vehicle development process includes the entire process from project initiation to Standard Operation Procedure (SOP), which is divided into six stages: market positioning stage, project initiation stage, scheme and styling stage, detailed design stage, product validation stage and

48、 mass production preparation stage.What is the main work content of mass production preparation stage?The main work content is to carry out production line verification, tooling acceptance, production training, sales training, market promotion program implementation and market readiness check, verif

49、y the components manufacturers, climbing ability and components production consistency ability.II.Put the following paragraphs into Chinese:The degree of perfect energy replenishment facilities in the target area needs to be considered in the configuration planning to determine whether the vehicle c

50、an be configured for battery swap, DC charging, etc.在配置規(guī)劃時(shí)需要考慮目標(biāo)區(qū)域的能量補(bǔ)充設(shè)施完善程度，以確定車輛能否配置換電、 直流充電等。When determining the overall scheme, special consideration needs to be given to the layout of the traction battery, drive motor, electric air conditioning system and the resulting impact on the vehicle l

51、ayout.在確定總體方案時(shí)，需要特殊考慮動力蓄電池、驅(qū)動電機(jī)、電動空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的布置及由此 帶來的對整車布置的影響。In this stage, the second batch of FP Car (Function Prototype Car-2, a prototype car to support further design and verification of the vehicle/system solution, including the vehicle layout, electrical principle, electric drive system matching,

52、 electric auxiliary system and joint verification of the vehicle communication) is firstly carried out for trial production.在此階段首先進(jìn)行第二階段EP Car （Engineering Prototype Car-2,用于進(jìn)一步設(shè)計(jì)和驗(yàn)證 車輛/系統(tǒng)解決方案的樣車，包括車輛布局、電氣原理、電氣驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)匹配，電氣輔助系統(tǒng) 和車輛通信系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)合驗(yàn)證）試生產(chǎn)。汽車專業(yè)英語讀譯教程(第3版)TEXT B課后練習(xí)題(EXERCISES)參考答案UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE

53、BASICSTEXT B Automobiles History/ Translate the following English names of car makers into Chinese:General Motors Corporation 通用汽車公司Ford Motor Co.福特汽車公司Chrysler Motors Coiporation 克萊斯勒汽車公司Toyota Motor Corporation 豐田汽車公司Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.日產(chǎn)汽車公司Honda Motor Co. Ltd.本田汽車公司Mitsubishi Motors Corporatio

54、n 三菱汽車公司Mercedes-Benz AG梅賽德斯-奔馳汽車公司BMW AG寶馬汽車公司Volkswagen AG 群眾汽車公司Audi AG奧迪汽車公司Suzuki Motor Corporation 鈴木汽車公司Isuzu Motors Ltd.五十鈴汽車公司Mazda Motor Corporation 馬自達(dá)汽車公司Volvo Car Corporation 沃爾沃轎車公司Volvo Bus Corporation 沃爾沃巴士公司Porsche AG保時(shí)捷汽車公司/. Translate the following English names of cars into Chine

55、se:Chevrolet Corvette; Buick Century; Cadillac Deville 雪佛蘭克爾維特；別克世紀(jì)；凱 迪拉克德維爾Ford Mustang; Ford Mendeo; Lincoln Town Car 福特野馬；福特蒙迪歐；林肯城市Dodge Caravan; Jeep Grand Cherokee; New Yorker 道奇捷龍；吉普大切諾基；紐約人Landcruiser; Camry; Crown; Lexus陸地巡洋艦；凱美瑞；皇冠；雷克薩斯Bluebird; Sunny; Infiniti 藍(lán)鳥；陽光；英菲尼迪Accord; Acura 雅閣；謳

56、歌Pajero; galant帕杰羅；格蘭特Passat; Golf帕薩特；高爾夫UNIT 2 ENGINE MECHANICALTEXT B Valve SystemsAnswer the following questions：List the components of the valve system.Camshaft, valves, liftersWhat are the advantages of a VVT system?In essence, the system controls valve overlap, which means it can eliminate it

57、completely for a glass smooth idle, or maximize it to boost volumetric efficiency and reduce pumping losses-this translates into power, economy and cleaner running at all engine speeds.What are the advantages of an EVC system?By controlling residual gases, minimizing pumping losses, and deactivating

58、 cylinders and valves, this technology can reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by 20%. Consumers will benefit from enhanced performance from increases in low-end engine torque.Translate the following terms into Chinese：l.DOHC雙頂置凸輪軸top dead center(TDC)上止點(diǎn)bottom dead center(BDC)下止點(diǎn)valve ti

59、ming 氣門正時(shí)，timing belt 正時(shí)帶valve spring 氣 門彈簧timing marks 正式標(biāo)記push rod 推桿rocker arm 搖臂variable valve timing ( VVT )可變氣門定時(shí)UNIT 3 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS (1)TEXT B Functions of the Motronic SystemsAnswer the following questions:What are the Motronic systems?In simple terms, Motronic is an engine-manageme

60、nt system with a single control unit for control of ignition timing as well as fuel-injection.What are the benefits of the Motronic systems?Many of the sensors important for fuel injection are also needed for ignition-system control, so the integration of the two systems can accomplish many things:I