2025屆新高考英語(yǔ)精品復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求:

要求考生讀懂書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文段以及公告、說(shuō)明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息。考生應(yīng)能：010203040506理解主旨要義；理解文中具體信息；根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義；做出判斷和推理；理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。Warmingup1.afatcat

肥貓2.whenpigsfly當(dāng)豬在飛Let’stryagain!

1.Lucymarriedamanwhoownsabigcompanyandhasmillionsofdollars.Heisreallyafatcat.2.Peterisverylazyandheneverdoeshishomework.Hecangotoauniversitywhenpigsfly.arichman

impossible

猜測(cè)詞義常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式Whatdoestheword“…”referto/probablymean?Theunderlinedwordcanbestbereplacedby_____.Whichofthe

followingisthenearest/closestinmeaningto

“…”?Theunderlinedphrase“…”mostprobablyimpliesthat_____.skillsHowcanweguessthemeaningofunknownwordsorphrases?邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義同義或近義關(guān)系01反義關(guān)系02因果關(guān)系03LogicalRelation

同義或近義關(guān)系利用上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義或近義的單詞或短語(yǔ)推知生詞意思。

Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeen

polluted.

Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful．a(chǎn)dj.巨大的adj.有害的

反義關(guān)系利用表對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞，然后根據(jù)反義詞線索猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞/詞組有:but,yet,despite,however,while,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,instead等。Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.

MostwomeninChina—educatedandilliterate,urbanandrural,theyoungandold—worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“illiterate”probablymean?

A.uncivilized

B.cultural

C.intelligent

D.stupiddisagreeThatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword“autocratic’’means______.A.friendlytoothers B.modestandkindlyC.stickingtoone’sownopinion D.hard-workinghuge,large因果關(guān)系從原因推測(cè)結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測(cè)原因。因果關(guān)系的語(yǔ)境，通常由because,so,therefore,so

that,so/such…that…等連詞體現(xiàn)。二.解釋說(shuō)明法下定義01定語(yǔ)從句02同位語(yǔ)03Explanation04舉例05標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)下定義：is,mean,referto,namely等后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面解釋說(shuō)明或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords引出一些具體的解釋性的短語(yǔ)解釋生詞。定語(yǔ)從句：修飾和限定了先行詞的內(nèi)容和范疇。同位語(yǔ)：對(duì)其前的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。0101下定義02定語(yǔ)從句03同位語(yǔ)

Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifter,whoalwaystakesawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.Alinguist,anexpertonlanguages,isalwayslistening.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.啞劇商店扒手語(yǔ)言學(xué)家猜一猜

利用文中的舉例猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)的舉例的提示詞有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。0104舉例Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern

電器

05標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)和括號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，可表示解釋說(shuō)明。Theschoolarereluctanttotaketimeoff—eventeacherswithticketsfortheEnglish-Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.Theunderlinedword“reluctant”intheparagraphmayprobablymean_______.A.kindB.unwillingC.freeD.carelessYoumayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.期刊三.構(gòu)詞法合成法01派生法02轉(zhuǎn)化法(考點(diǎn)熟詞生義)03WordFormation

0101合成法

指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個(gè)新的單詞。Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward(別扭的)handposition.

Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostpeoplethinkthatcraft(手藝)nolongerexists.設(shè)計(jì)精良的大量生產(chǎn)

02派生法

通過(guò)在詞根上添加前綴或后綴構(gòu)造新詞。一般講前綴改變?cè)~義不變?cè)~性，后綴改變?cè)~性不變?cè)~義。

Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.TodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomepartsoftheUnitedStates--eventhoughitisunlawfulinalmosteverystate.A.allowedbythelaw B.inaccordancewiththelawC.againstthelaw D.havenothingtodowiththelaw

anti:反對(duì)；反抗解毒劑un:不；沒(méi)有

RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans_______.A.cleaningup B.takinginC.wipingout D.givingup0103轉(zhuǎn)化法

把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變。英語(yǔ)中大量的詞匯具有多義性，其含義并非完全等同于詞典所標(biāo)注的漢語(yǔ)意思，具體的詞義需要在一定的上下文中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

Shewalkedquietlytothesmallroombytheliftandtookamop.Shepushedpastthedeskandasthenurselookedup,Mumnoddedandsaid,“Verydirtyfloor.”拖把四、普通常識(shí)（Commonsense）可以利用普通常識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)詞義，但每個(gè)人已有的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)存在差異，做題時(shí)要多結(jié)合語(yǔ)境。

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

Appletreesmaynotgrowastallastwelvemeters.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.Theunderlinedword“yielded”inthelastsentencemeans_____.A.improved

B.increased

C.produced

D.sold麻藥五、利用上下文語(yǔ)境（Context)

利用語(yǔ)境及前后的提示來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronlyblamecompetition.Aareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresformtheirparentsorsociety.Theunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”means_______.A.ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinB.ThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyC.ThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyD.ThosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccessInaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Theunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”means_______.A.ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinB.ThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyC.ThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyD.ThosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccessMindmapInaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinary