Unit3DiscoveringUsefulStructuresThepresentperfect

passivevoice——現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)

Prep

for

Grammar1．_____________n.博客vi.寫博客→_____________v.寫博客→_____________n.博客作者；博主2．_____________n.引擎；發(fā)動機(jī)；火車頭→_____________n.工程師→_____________n.工程；工程學(xué)3._____________vt.按，壓；敦促→_____________n.壓力；困擾力下；承受壓力4．_____________adj.方便的；近便的→_____________n.方便；便利→_____________adv.方便地；便利地5．_____________vt.鼓舞；激勵；啟發(fā)思考→_____________dadj.借助靈感創(chuàng)作的，受到啟示/鼓舞的→_____________adj.激勵的，啟發(fā)靈感的；吸引人的→_____________n.激勵，鼓舞；啟示，靈感6．_____________n.通道；(使用、査閱、接近或面見的)機(jī)會vt.進(jìn)入；使用；獲取→_____________adj.可到達(dá)的；可接近的；可進(jìn)入的7．_____________n.電池→_____________n．(pl.)電池8．_____________vt.確認(rèn)；使確信→_____________n．證實；確認(rèn)→_____________adj.成習(xí)慣的；根深蒂固的blogbloggingbloggerengineengineerengineeringpresspressureconvenientconvenienceconvenientlyinspireinspiredinspiringinspirationaccessaccessiblebatterybatteriesconfirmconfirmationconfirmedAppreciateapoemPresentperfectpassivevoice(have/hasbeendone)1.以上句子中所使用的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是

。2.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為：

?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)have/hasbeen＋過去分詞Anenemyhasbeenslained.一名敵人被擊殺。Anallyhasbeenslained.我方隊友被擊殺。Youhavebeenslained.你被擊殺了。觀察例句，歸納用法BYYUSHENHowdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?Fillintheblank.have/hasbeen+v-ed主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的原則“三變”原句主語by的賓語賓語主語

謂語由主動被動“三不變”原句意思不變原句時態(tài)不變原句主謂賓以外成分不變TalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendoneBYYUSHEN現(xiàn)在完成時activepassiveThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.present(now)futurepast表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的被動性的動作或結(jié)果，主語是動作的承受者。含義：表示過去發(fā)生的動作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或仍將持續(xù),強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。表示站在“現(xiàn)在”的時間角度回顧一個“過去”的事件?，F(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時activepassiveThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.現(xiàn)在完成時activepassive表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的被動性的動作或結(jié)果，主語是動作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的被動性的動作或結(jié)果,主語是動作的發(fā)出者。BYYUSHENHowdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?Fillintheblank.have/hasbeen+v-ed主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的原則“三變”原句主語by的賓語賓語主語

謂語由主動被動“三不變”原句意思不變原句時態(tài)不變原句主謂賓以外成分不變Talkaboutsomethingthathasbeendone例2：Havetheybeensenttohelpothers?他們已經(jīng)被派去幫助其他人了嗎?例3：Whohasbeeninvited?誰受到了邀請？2構(gòu)成陳述句主語+has/havebeen（not）+過去分詞+...例1：Hercellphonehasbeensold.她的手機(jī)已經(jīng)被盜了。一般疑問句Has/have+主語+been+過去分詞+...?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+have/has+been+過去分詞+...?注意事項①由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,marry,open等詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),不能與表示段時間的狀語，如forfourdays,howlong等連用，而要改換動詞或者是時態(tài)。判斷正誤:

*Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?()*Howlongagowasthisbookbought?()②短語動詞不能分割，而且不能省略短語動詞中的介詞或副詞。判斷正誤:

*Thepatienthasbeentakengoodcare.(

)*Thepatienthasbeentakengoodcareof.()XVXV③并不是所有的動詞都有被動語態(tài)。如happen,occur,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動詞或詞組，就沒有被動語態(tài)。判斷正誤:*Someofthebestconversationshaveeverhappenedaroundthedinnertable.(

)*Someofthebestconversationshappenedaroundthedinnertable.()④雙賓語動詞變被動語態(tài)可將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個保留不動。主動:Ihavegivenhimthekey.被動:He

hasbeengiven

thekey.被動:Thekey

hasbeengiven

tohim.V

X現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的句式：Theresearchhasbeendonesuccessfully.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的肯定式：have/hasbeendoneTheresearchhasnotbeendonesuccessfully.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的否定式：have/hasnotbeendoneHastheresearchbeendonesuccessfully?現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句：把have/has提到主語的前面

Whathasbeendonesuccessfully?現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/hasbeendoneBYYUSHEN1.

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)及一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別Themachinehasbeenrepaired.（說明動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響，“現(xiàn)在修好了”）Themachineisbeingrepairednow.（說明動作正在進(jìn)行）Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.（只說明動作發(fā)生在過去）2.非延續(xù)性動詞，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,

marry,

open,

join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動詞或時態(tài)。例：工程已開始三個月了。

Theprojecthasbeenstartedforthreemonths.（F）

Theprojecthasbeenonforthreemonths.（T）注意BYYUSHEN常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：already

已經(jīng)

yet

已經(jīng)recently/lately

最近

sincethen

從那時起eversince

自那以來

ever

曾經(jīng)sofar

迄今為止

bynow

到現(xiàn)在為止foralongtime

很長一段時間inrecentyears

在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears

在過去的幾年里提示Thebuildings

(destroy)bytheearthquakealready.havebeendestroyedSevenHarryPorterbooks

(write)byJ.K.Rowlingsofar.havebeenwritten用法1:被動動作發(fā)生在過去,已經(jīng)完成,對現(xiàn)在造成影響

或產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。(already,yet,sofar,bynow)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的用法Anewbridge

(build)sincetwoweeksago.hasbeenbuiltPapermoney

(use)forover50years.hasbeenused用法2:被動動作發(fā)生在過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)

持續(xù)下去。(for+一段時間;since)1.Thebuildinghassetupforseveralyears.2.Thewindowshavebeenbroke.3.Aterriblethinghasbeenhappenedtoher.4.Jimhascaughtbythepolice.beenbrokenbeenPresentperfectpassivevoice改錯：即學(xué)即練1.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)中been

一定不能忘記。2.注意break,catch,teach等動詞的過去式和過去分詞

的不規(guī)則變化形式。3.不及物動詞（短語動詞）沒有被動語態(tài)，如：happen,takeplace,die,appear,breakout,belongto等。Presentperfectpassivevoice總結(jié)

常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語

already

已經(jīng)(肯定句)

yet

已經(jīng)（否定句或者疑問句）recently/lately最近sincethen

從那時起eversince

自那以來

ever曾經(jīng)sofar

迄今為止

foralongtime很長一段時間bynow

到現(xiàn)在為止

inrecentyears

在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears在過去的幾年里

一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去；

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示被動的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或者強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響。Presentperfectpassivevoice總結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)含義結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去發(fā)生的被動動作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完

成或仍將持續(xù),強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響have/hasbeendone形式肯定式否定式疑問式have/hasbeendonehave/hasnotbeendoneHave/Has+主語+beendone?特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone?用法表示已經(jīng)完成的被動動作表示開始于過去并可能持續(xù)下去的被動動作在時間狀從,條件狀從中,表示還未發(fā)生的被動動作注意事項區(qū)分have/hasbeendone/bebeingdone/bedone不及物動詞或詞組無被動現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的解題步驟主語與動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。說話時已完成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。1.圈主：動詞的邏輯賓語用作句子的主語；2.找時：找與現(xiàn)在完成相對應(yīng)的時間狀語；3.定謂：確定謂語動詞形式。Jan'slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.

TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan'slife.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.

VerbformActive__________________Passive

_________________have/has+v-edhave/hasbeen+v-edGo

for

GrammarhavebeenchangedhavebeenhelpedhasbeenimprovedhasbeenwrittenVerbformActivehave/has十v-edPassivehave/has+been+v-edGo

for

GrammarWritingThinkofyourownsituationandwriteasimilarpoem.LookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedLookatthewayyourteethhavebeenbrushedLookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedYou’dbetterdothemagain

LookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedLookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutLookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptIhopethatyou’llcomehereagainYourpoem？1．Mygrandpa’squalityoflife___________________(improve)dramaticallysincetheoperation.2．Theoperation___________________(perform)manytimesinthishospital.3．Papermoney_________________(use)foroverathousandyears.hasbeenimprovedhasbeenperformedI.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。hasbeenusedhavebeenadaptedhavebeenpollutedhavebeengivenhasbeendestroyedExercises5.--Doyouneedanyhelp?--No,thanks.We____alotofsupportsincelastyear.haveofferedB.havebeenofferedC.wereofferedD.wereoffering6.Hetoldthemthatkites______inChinamorethan2000yearsago.inventB.inventedC.areinventedD.wereinvented7.ItissaidthatoneGreaterBayAreauniversity_____inGuangdonginthefuture.A.willbebuiltB.buildC.willbuiltD.isbuiltAnewsmartphonemadeinChinahasbeenboughthasbeenfinishedhasbeensolved5.Theyhavetranslatedthebookintomorethantwentylanguages.→_________________________________intomorethantwentylanguages.6.Wehavenotfoundawaytodealwiththesituationyet.→_________________________________todealwiththesituationyet.7.ThebosshasappointedTommanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.→__________________________________oftheengineeringdepartmentbythebosstotaketheplaceofGeorge.8.Theteamhasdevelopedakindofintelligentrobot.→