2022年河南省漯河市郾城區(qū)第二高級中學高三英語下學期期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.LiHua,whowasbusypreparingareport,couldn’t

theloudnoise,sohekeptallthewindowsshutalldaylong.

A．putupwith

B．comeupwith

C．catchupwith

D．keepupwith參考答案：A2.Hetelephonedthetravelagencyto

threeairticketstoLondon.A.order

B.arrange

C.take

D.book參考答案：D3.Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor______whentheshopwillopenagain.A.saying

B.says

C.said

D.havingsaid參考答案：A4.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone

it．Wasityou?A．hasdone

B．haddone

C．woulddo

D．willdo參考答案：B5.—IsMr.Smithrich?—Yes,veryrich.Whenheworkedin________town,heearnedalot.Nowhehasabigfarmin________country.A.at;the

B./;/

C./;the

D.the;/參考答案：C解析：intown在城里，inthecountry在農(nóng)村均為固定搭配。6.Weeach_____strongpointsandeachofusontheotherhand_____weakpoints.Ahave,have

Bhas,have

Chas,has

Dhave,has參考答案：D7.Theyoungergenerationisturningitsbackonthetraditionalholidayroutesofmuseumsandshoppingmalls______adventurousexperiences.A.inrecognitionof B.indefenceof C.intermsof D.infavorof參考答案：D【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：年輕一代正在放棄博物館和購物中心等傳統(tǒng)的度假路線，而選擇冒險體驗。A.inrecognitionof承認；B.indefenceof保護；C.intermsof依據(jù)；按照；D.infavorof支持；贊同；選擇。根據(jù)句意故選D?！军c睛】"in+名詞＋of”短語在中學教材中有很多，現(xiàn)歸納如下：1.inadvanceof在……之先，勝過Galileo’stheorywereinadvanceoftheageinwhichhelived.伽利略的思想超越了他所生活的時代。2.inbehalfof代表，為了……的利益IdidallIcouldinbehalfofmyfriend.為朋友的利益，我做了所能做的一切。3.incaseof如果……發(fā)生，如遇到……Incaseofdanger,youmustbecalm.如果遇到危險，你必須鎮(zhèn)定。注意：inthecaseof就……來說，至少4.inchargeof看護，管理Heisinchargeoftheschool.他負責管理這所學校。注意：inthechargeof由……管理5.incourseof正在……之中Thebridgeisincourseofconstruction.大橋正在建設中。注意：inthecourseof在……期間，在……的過程中6.inconsequenceof……的結果，由于Inconsequenceofheating,thelengthoftheironbarincreased.由于受熱，鐵棒的長度增加了。7.indefenceof保衛(wèi)，為……辨護Thesoldiersfoughtbravelyindefenceoftheircountry.士兵們?yōu)楸Ｐl(wèi)他們的國家英勇作戰(zhàn)。8.infavourof贊成，有利于Everyoneintheclassvotedinfavourofthemusicalparty.班里每個人都投票贊成開個音樂會。9.infearof擔心，害怕Thefamilythatlivedherefledinfearoftheenemy.住在這里的一家人因害怕敵人而逃走了。10.infrontof在……前面（范圍以外）Infrontofthefarmhousesatasmallboy.一個小男孩坐在農(nóng)舍前面。注意：inthefrontof在……前部（范圍內）8.—Was______Bill,______playedbasketballverywell,______helpedtheblindmancrosstheroad?—Yes,ofcourse.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.A.it;who;that

B.this;who;that

C.which;that;that

D.it;that;who參考答案：A【考查方向】考查強調句型和定語從句的用法。句意：---是Bill，那個籃球打得很好的人，幫助了那個盲人過馬路？----是的，當然。他總是樂于幫助別人。根據(jù)強調句型的疑問句結構：Was/Isit

+被強調部分+that+不被強調的部分？故第一空填it，第二空是定語從句，先行詞是Bill，定語從句中缺少主語，應用who引導定語從句，第三個空是that引起不被強調部分。故選A?！九e一反三】強調句型的使用特點主要有以下幾個方面：(1)被強調的是狀語或狀語從句時，要用that引導從句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。ItwasintheparkthatImethim.我是在公園里遇到他的。Itwasin1964thatthefirsttelephonesatellitewassetupbytheGroupof17Countries.17國集團發(fā)射第一顆電話衛(wèi)星是在1964年。(2)被強調的是人時，引導詞可用who，也可用that。Wasityouthat/wholetoutthesecrettoher?是你把這個秘密泄露給她的嗎？注意：當被強調的是主語時，代詞要用主格形式。ItwasIwhoputforwardthetheoryfirst.是我最先提出這個理論的。(3)被強調的不管是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)名詞，主句的be動詞都用單數(shù)is或was。ItwasMadameCurieandherhusbandwhodiscoveredradium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳。ItisthePLAmenwho/thataresafeguardingourcountrydayandnight.是解放軍戰(zhàn)士日夜保衛(wèi)著我們的祖國。(4)對not...until時間狀語從句進行強調時，其句型是：Itis/wasnotuntil...that從句，即not和until在強調句中總是緊挨著的。注意習慣上不用nottill，而且從句不能用when引導。ItwasnotuntilthelastoperationwasfinishedthatBethuneleftthebattlehospital.直到做完最后一個手術白求恩才離開戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)院。(5)強調句的疑問形式：Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?他什么時候決定選修這一課程的？Whyisitthathedoesn’tlikethebook?他為什么不喜歡這本書？Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1939年爆發(fā)的嗎？Whowasitthatbrokethewindow？打破窗戶的是誰？Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?你昨天給我打電話是什么時候？Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo？你要我干什么？(6)強調句型與Itis/was＋時間＋when從句：在上述句型中it指時間，when引導的是時間狀語從句。注意兩種句型“時間”表達方式的不同。ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday.昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。ItwasmidnightwhenIgothereyesterday.昨天當我到達這兒時，已是半夜了。9.Amajorsearchhasbeen_____for aMalaysianAirlinesjetwith239peopleonboardafteritlostcontactflyingfromKualaLumpurtoBeijing.A.identified B.launched C.substituted D.dissolved參考答案：B10.Neithersidewaswillingtogiveinatall.Asaresult,noagreement__________.A.wasreached

B.hasreachedC.hadreached

D.hadbeenreached

參考答案：D略11.Kathy__________alotofEnglishidiomsbywatchingdocumentariesmadebyBBC.A.pickedup

B.tookup

C.madeup

D.turnedup參考答案：A12.WhatlessonsChinacandrawfrom______globalfinancialcrisishasbecome_______hottopicamongusstudents．

A．the;a

B．/;a

C．a(chǎn);the

D．/;the參考答案：A13.Theintervieweehasnoinnershametoshowhisedgeoverothers._______theouterfear.A.Ashehas

B.Sohadhe

C.Nordidhehave

D.Neitherdoeshehave參考答案：D14.—Mum,whereismyraincoat?

—Oh,Iforgottotellyou．It___behindthekitchendoor．

A．wouldhang

B．hashung

C．ishanging

D．hung參考答案：C15.“I’dliketogivemythankstothose_________helpmysonwillbeabletosurvivehisterribledisease,”saidthemotheronTV.

A.who

B.that

C.withwhose

D.withtheir參考答案：C16.In1863,PresidentLincolnissuedadeclarationcallingforthelastThursdayofNovember_______asadayofthanksgiving.A.beingobserved

B.observed

C.observing

D.tobeobserved參考答案：D略17.Mr.Smithowns____collectionofcoinsthananyoneelseIhaveevermet.A.larger

B.alarger

C.thelargest

D.alarge參考答案：B解析：此處考查了形容詞的比較級及詞匯慣用法。collection常有習慣用法acollectionof+名詞復數(shù)；而根據(jù)后面的than又可知用larger.故答案為B。二、新的題型18.Gardening380KilometersaboveEarthAstronautshavetogothroughphysical,psychological,andtechnicaltraining.Theyalsogothroughtraininginhowtocareforplants.These“astronautgardeners”sharetheirworkandlivingspacewithplants.Takingseedsandplantsalongonatripisn’tanewidea.Asspacetripsbecomelonger,itwillbenecessarytogrowfoodinspace.____46____Becauseofthis,it’snotpracticaltosendeverythingneededforalongjourney,onlytobeusedonceandthrownaway.Plantscanservemanyusesonaspacejourney.Theycanprovidemorefreshthings.____47____Also,plantscanhelptomakeairqualitybetterbecausetheyproduceoxygen.Theycanimprovethequalityoftheairinsidethespacecraft—theonlyairtheastronautscanbreathe.____48____Duetothelackofgravityinspace,theoxygenthattheplantsproducestaysaroundtheplants.Thiscanactuallykillthem,sofansareneededtocirculatetheair.Withoutgravity,rootsdon’t“know”togrowdown,leavesdon’t“know”togrowup,andwaterdoesn’teasilytraveluptherootstotheleaves.____49____Besides,soilistooheavytosendtospace,andspecialliquidgels(膠)areusedtohelpplantgrowth.Scientistsarealsoworkingontheplantsthemselves.Theyaretryingtomakeplantsgrowmorerapidlyandgrowwithlesswaterandlightinspace,andtheyarelookingforwaystomakeplantsmoreresistanttodisease.____50____Imaginethatdesertsmayonedayprovidelotsoffreshfoodforlocalpeople,savingtransportationcosts.Similarly,plantsthatareresistanttodiseasecouldprovideanimportantfoodsupply.Withtheworld’spopulationnowatsevenbillion(十億)people,ourastronautgardenersmayhelpdiscoverwaystofeedthosebillions.A.Everyplantgrowninspacemusthaveseveraluses.B.However,therearechallengeswithgrowingplantsinspace.C.SuchmethodsmayresultinimprovementsbackhereonEarth.D.Thecostoftakinganythingintospaceisabout$22,000perkilogram.E.Specializedcontainersarebeingdevelopedtohelptheplantsgrowcorrectly.F.Astronautswillwelcometheadditionoffruitsandvegetablestotheirdietofdryfoods.G.Currentlyalloxygenistakenaboardintanksandthencaughtagainsoitcanbereused.參考答案：46.D

47.F

48.B

49.E

50.C本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是：園藝在離地球380公里的高空。宇航員必須經(jīng)過身體、心理和技術的訓練。他們還接受了如何照料植物的培訓。這些“宇航員園丁”與植物分享他們的工作和生活空間?！?6題詳解】下文提示“正因為如此，把長途旅行所需要的東西都送出去，只用一次就扔掉是不現(xiàn)實的?！背薪酉挛?，D項Thecostoftakinganythingintospaceisabout$22,000perkilogram.（將任何物體送入太空的成本約為每公斤22,000美元。）切題。下文中的this指代該項中的Thecost，故選D?！?7題詳解】上文提示“他們可以提供更多新鮮的東西?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“此外，植物可以幫助改善空氣質量，因為它們可以產(chǎn)生氧氣?！背薪由舷挛?，F(xiàn)項Astronautswillwelcometheadditionoffruitsandvegetablestotheirdietofdryfoods.（宇航員將歡迎在他們的干糧中加入水果和蔬菜。）切題。故選F?！?8題詳解】下文提示“由于太空中缺乏重力，植物產(chǎn)生的氧氣停留在植物周圍?！背薪酉挛?，B項However,therearechallengeswithgrowingplantsinspace.（然而，在太空種植植物也面臨著挑戰(zhàn)。）切題。故選B?！?9題詳解】上文提示“沒有重力，根就“不知道”該往下長，葉子就“不知道”該往下長，水也不容易從根往上注入到葉子上?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“此外，土壤太重，不能送到太空，特殊的液體凝膠被用來幫助植物生長。”承接上下文，E項Specializedcontainersarebeingdevelopedtohelptheplantsgrowcorrectly.（目前正在開發(fā)專門的容器來幫助植物正確生長。）切題。故選E?！?0題詳解】上文提示“他們試圖使植物生長得更快，在空間中以更少的水和光生長，他們正在尋找方法使植物更能抵抗疾病。”承接上文，C項SuchmethodsmayresultinimprovementsbackhereonEarth.（這些方法可能會改善地球。）切題。該項中的methods與上文中的ways相吻合。故選C。三、閱讀理解19.Dailyphysicalactivityisanimportantpartofahealthylifestyle.Forthisreason,manyarchitectsanddesignersareworkingtocreatebuildingsthatencouragepeopletomakeexerciseapartoftheirordinaryroutine.Themovementtopromotehealthyactivitythrougharchitectureiscalledactivedesign.Itbeganin1998aspartofauniversitypublichealthprogram,andithassincegainedpopularityincitiesaroundtheworld.Activedesignusesanumberoftechniquestoencouragetheoccupantsofabuildingtobemoreactive.Oneofthemostimportantstrategiesofactivedesignisinspiringpeopletomakewalkingpartoftheirroutine.Aparticularlysuccessfultoolforpromotingwalkingistheskip-stopelevator.Theseelevatorsstoponlyoneverysecondorthirdfloor,leavingriderstotakethestairsinordertoreachtheirdestination.Anotherstrategyofactivedesignistomakestairsmorepleasantandinviting.Insteadofcreatingdarkstairwellsthatarelocatedinisolatedpartsofbuildings,activedesignuseswell-litandcentrallyplacedstairstoencouragemorefoottraffic.Skip-stopelevatorsandappealingstairdesignarebotheffectivetoolsofactivedesignbecausetheyofferincentiveandopportunityforexercise.Infact,researchersstudyingabuildingthatemploysbothskip-stopelevatorsandmoreattractivestairdesignsaidthat70percentofbuildingoccupantsreportedusingthestairseveryday.Activedesignencouragesphysicalactivityusingnotonlytheinteriorfeaturesofabuilding,buttherelationshipbetweenabuildinganditssurroundingsaswell.Abuildingthatemploysactivedesignmayintegrateoutdoorspaceinordertomaketheenvironmentmoreengagingandpromotephysicalactivity.Someelementsthatarchitectsusetoincorporatetheexteriorwiththeinteriorareglasswalls,interiorgardensorparkspaces,andcourtyardswithopenceilings,allofwhichde-emphasizetheboundariesbetweeninsideandoutside.Theseelementsmakethebuildingmorephysicallyandmentallyinvigorating.Similarly,byincreasingthenumberofentrancesandexitstoabuilding,architectscanhelpkeepabuilding’susersinterestedintheirsurroundingsbyprovidingavarietyofroutesforthemtouse.Ifpeoplecontinuetobestimulatedbynewsightsorexperiences,theyarelesslikelytochoosethequickestandeasiestpathtotheirdestinationandmayinsteadchooseamorephysicallychallengingroute.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inparagraph2mean?A.requirement

B.encouragementC.technique

D.assistance13.Whydoestheauthordiscussdarkstairwellsinparagraph2?A.Todemonstratethedifferencesbetweenelevatorandstairwelldesign.B.Todescribeoneadvantageofusingskip-stopelevatorsinbuildings.C.Tomakeapointaboutwhypeopledon’tusethestairsoften.D.Toarguethatskip-stopelevatorsmayleadtodesignfailures.14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTawaythatarchitectsweakentheboundarybetweenindoorandoutdoorspaces?A.Creatingmoreroutesforenteringandexiting.B.Buildinggardensinsidethebuilding.C.Creatingspaceswithopenceilings.D.Usingsee-throughmaterials.15.Howdoesparagraph2relatetoparagraph3inthepassage?A.Para2describesanearlymodelofadesigndiscussedinpara3.B.Para3arguesabouttheeffectivenessofthetechniquefrompara2.C.Para3introducesadifferentstrategythantheonediscussedinpara2.D.Para2explainsatechnique,andpara3givesexamplesofhowitisused.參考答案：12.B

13.C

14.A

15.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了日常體育活動是健康生活方式的重要組成部分。出于這個原因，許多建筑師和設計師都在努力建造一些建筑，鼓勵人們把鍛煉作為日常生活的一部分?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測題。劃線詞所在的句子Skip-stopelevatorsandappealingstairdesignarebotheffectivetoolsofactivedesignbecausetheyofferincentiveandopportunityforexercise.跳停電梯和吸引人的樓梯設計都是積極設計的有效工具，因為它們提供了激勵和鍛煉的機會。劃線的詞與opportunity并列，都應該是表示積極意義的詞，所以“incentive”意思是鼓勵，A.requirement要求；B.encouragement鼓勵；C.technique技巧；D.assistance幫助，故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。答案定位在第二段An