Text1AViewofMountainsUnit4AViewofMountains1/50AtomicBombDetonationatHiroshima

Asmanyknow,theatomicbombhasbeenusedonlytwiceinwarfare.ThefirstwasatHiroshima.Auraniumbombnicknamed"LittleBoy"(despiteweighinginatoverfourandahalftons)wasdroppedonHiroshimaAugust6,1945.Inaninstant,66,000peoplewerekilledand69,000injuredbya10-kilotonatomicexplosion.Theareaoftotalvaporizationfromtheatomicbombblastmeasuredonehalfmileindiameter;totaldestructiononemileindiameter;severeblastdamageasmuchastwomilesindiameter.Withinadiameteroftwoandahalfmiles,everythingflammableburned.Theremainingareaoftheblastzonewasriddledwithseriousblazesthatstretchedouttothefinaledgeatalittleoverthreemilesindiameter.2/50Thehypocenter--EntrancetoShimaHospital3/50ShimomuraJewelersLocation:Harimaya-cho(now,Hondori)

Distancefromhypocenter（震源）:approx.620mEstablishedin1873,ShimomuraJewelersbuiltthisnewstorein1928.Itsclocktowerwithclocksonallfoursideswaseye-catching.However,sincethestructurelackedinternalsupportpillars,thesidewallsgavewayundertheatomicblast.Thesecondfloorandclocktowerremainederectonthepulverizedfirstfloor,asifsittingonanincline.

4/50HiroshimaGasCompany5/50HiroshimaPrefecturalIndustrialPromotionHall6/50HistoricalsitesdestroyedAstillstandingtorii(牌坊),brokentorii,apairofstonelanternsleaningindifferentdirections,theshrine（神殿）hallburnedtotheground,thecastlekeeptoppled.

"WhenIcameclosetothecastlekeep,lessthanonekilometerfromthehypocenter,Iwasastonishedbyasightthatdidn'tmakesense.Apileoflumberhadsomehowremainedunburned.Iwonderifthethickplasterwallshadprotecteditfromtheheatrays."AnsweredShigeoHayashi(林重男,arenownedJapanesephotographer)7/50AtomicBombDetonationat

Nagasaki

OnAugust9,1945,Nagasakifelltothesametreatment.ThistimeaPlutonium(環(huán)彈)bombnicknamed"FatMan"wasdroppedonthecity.Though"FatMan"misseditstargetbyoveramileandahalf,itstilllevelednearlyhalfthecity.Inasplitsecond,Nagasaki'spopulationdroppedfrom422,000to383,000.Over25,000peoplewereinjured.JapanofferedtosurrenderonAugust10,1945.NOTE:Physicistswhohavestudiedthesetwoatomicexplosionsestimatethatthebombsutilizedonly1/10thof1percentoftheirrespectiveexplosivecapabilities.ThemushroomcloudseenfromanAmericanaircraft8/50

Nagasakithreedaysaftertheatomicbombing

Nagasakitwodaysbeforetheatomicbombing9/50

Nagasaki-typeAtomicBomb“Fatman”

TheNagasakiatomicbombwasnicknamed“Fatman”becauseofitsshape.10/50YosukeYamahataphotographer11/5012/5013/5014/5015/5016/50TextAnanlysisMainIdeaofthetextInthisargumentativeessay,theauthorshowsussomeofYamahata’spicturesoftheNagasakidestroyedhalfacenturyago,andtelluswhatweshoulddoaboutthenuclearperilexistingtoday.17/50StructuralAnalysisPartI(Para1)thewriterputsforwardhisthesis:aviewofmountainsinthebackgroundsuggeststherealextenttowhichthecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbombing.PartII(Para2-3)theauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshimaandthatweneedtotakeactionstodispelnuclearthreatfromtheEarth.PartIII(Para4)thewritercallsonustotaketheresponsibilityofcreatingasaferworldfornewgenerations.18/50PartIQuestionsWhydoestheauthorthinkthatYamahata’spicturescomposethefullestrecordofnucleardestructioninexistence?Whydoestheauthorparticularlymention“aviewofmountains”inoneofthepictures?19/50Photos·…picturesshowcorpsescharredinthepeculiarwayinwhichanuclearfireballcharsitsvictims……theirbodiesareoftenbrandedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes,whoseclothesabsorblightindifferentdegrees.20/50Anothershowsaheapofsomethingthatoncehadbeenhumanbeinghangingoveraledgeintoaditch.Onephotographshowsahorsetwistedunderthecartithadbeenpulling.21/50LanguageAnalysisDispatch:

Vt.(1)sendofftoadestination

e.g.Amessengerwasdispatchedtotakethenewstothesoldiersatthefront.一名通訊員被派去給前線士兵送消息。Thegovernmentwaspreparingtodispatchsoldierstosearchtheisland.(2)infmltofinish(esp.food)quicklye.g.wesoondispatchedthechocolatecake.我們很快就吃完了巧克力蛋糕。n.amessagecarriedbyagovernmentofficial,orsenttoanewspaperbyoneofitswriters.Tosend/carryadispatchfromRometoLondon從羅馬向倫敦發(fā)電訊稿；把急件從羅馬送到倫敦22/50Constitute:

compose,forme.g.FiftystatesconstitutetheUSA.Compare:Comprise,compose,consist,constituteCompose:組成部分+整體England,Scotland,andWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.

Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.Constitute:組成部分+整體（有時(shí)組成一個(gè)同等關(guān)系）England,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernconstitutetheUnitesKingdom.Thisconstitutesarealproblem.(=Thisisarealproblem.)Comprise:整體+組成部分或組成部分+整體Thecommitteecomprisestenpersons.Eighteendepartmentscomprisethefamousuniversity.Consist(vi.):整體+組成部分Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen.23/50

APithyFormula湖邊數(shù)目rim樹(shù)后坐著him壓低帽brim假裝把書(shū)skim天色漸漸dim心儀美眉slim見(jiàn)她眼神grim佯裝把頭發(fā)trim可憐頭發(fā)成victim24/50Theyhavebeenburnedbylight–technicallyspeaking,bythe“thermalpulse”-andtheirbodiesarebrandedwithpatternsoftheirclothes,whoseclothsabsorblightindifferentdegrees.Technicallyspeaking,theyhavebeenburnedbythermalpulse–akindoflight.Therefore,ontheirbodies,youcanoftenseethepatternsoftheirclothes,becausedifferentcolorsofthepatternsabsorbdifferentamountoflight.25/50technicallyspeaking(danglingparticiple)分詞短語(yǔ)在句子中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)（或隱含主語(yǔ)）通常應(yīng)是整個(gè)句子主語(yǔ)；假如不是，而且其本身也不帶自己主語(yǔ)（如在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中），就被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)語(yǔ)言失誤。這個(gè)分詞就叫做“懸垂分詞”。但少數(shù)懸垂分詞已被接收，如：generally/specifically/simplyspeaking26/50Brandvt.(1)labelormarkwithorasifwithabrande.g.Thecattlearebrandedwiththefarmer’sinitials.這個(gè)農(nóng)民給他牛烙上了自己姓名首字母。(2)Tomarkwithdisgraceorinfamy;stigmatize.It’sunfairtobrandallfootballsupportersastroublemakers.給全部球迷都加上鬧事者污名是不公平(3)ToimpressfirmlyImageryofthewarhasbrandeditselfintothenationalconsciousness.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)印象深深地銘刻在人民腦海里Hisunhappychildhoodhasbrandedhimforhischaracter.他不愉快童年給他性格留下了終生烙印。27/50Heap

n.(1)adisorderlypileormassofthingsoneonoftheothere.g.Thebookslayinaheaponthefloor.書(shū)堆放在地板上。(2)(oftenfollowedby`of')alargenumberoramountorextent

Aheapofdirtyclotheswaitingtobewashed一堆要洗衣服Wehaveheapsoftime.我們有很多時(shí)間。Bestruck/knockedallofaheaptobeverysurprisedorconfused.被驚呆，慌作一團(tuán)28/50aheap/pile/massof(books)aheapofbooksaheapofbooksapileofbooksamassofbooks29/50Athirdshowsagirlwhohassomehowsurvivedunwounded

standingintheopenmouthofabombshelterandsmilinganunearthlysmile,shockinguswiththesightofordinarylife,whichotherwiseseemstohavebeenleftbehindforgoodinthesceneswearewitnessing.structureanalysis:unwounded做survived補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；standing…shelter/smiling…smile做agirl定語(yǔ);shocking…分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面一整句話。30/50forgood=forevereg.Hesaysthatheisleavingthecountryforgood.Completeform:forgoodandall31/50經(jīng)典考題Mrs.Lackeywasawokenbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterherhusband’sboathadbeen____.A)wreckedB)collapsedC)decayedD)firedA.Mrs.Lackey床邊電話響了，把她從睡夢(mèng)中驚醒，那時(shí)在她丈夫失事12小時(shí)后。collapse“坍毀，瓦解”decay“腐爛，衰退”

32/50wreckagen.theremainingpartsofsomethingthathasbeenwrecked

Eg.theysearchedthewreckageforsignsofsurvivors“wreckn.(1)somethingorsomeonethathassufferedruin(2)anaccident(usuallyinvolvingoneormorevehicles)v.(1)smashorbreakforcefully(2)sufferfromanaccident33/50HistoricPresent(alsocalleddramaticpresentornarrativepresent)referstotheemploymentofthepresenttensewhennarratingpastevents.

Besidesitsuseinwritingabouthistory,especiallyinhistoricalchronicles(listingaseriesofevents),itisusedinfiction,for'hotnews'(asinheadlines),andineverydayconversation.Literarycriticsandgrammarianshavesaidthatthehistoricalpresenthastheeffectofmakingpasteventsmorevivid.34/50HistoricPresentExample:InanexcerptfromDickens'DavidCopperfield,wecanseetheshiftfromthepasttensetothehistoricalpresentgivesthesenseofimmediacy,asofarecurringvision,alsomakesthenarrativesmorevivid:“Ifthefuneralhadbeenyesterday,Icouldnotrecollectitbetter.Theveryairofthebestparlour,whenIwentinatthedoor,thebrightconditionofthefire,theshiningofthewineinthedecanters,thepatternsoftheglassesandplates,thefaintsweetsmellofcake,theodourofMissMurdstone’sdress,andourblackclothes.Mr.Chillipisintheroom,andcomestospeaktome.'AndhowisMasterDavid?'hesays,kindly.Icannottellhimverywell.Igivehimmyhand,whichheholdsinhis.(ChapterIX)”35/50PartIIQuestions:WhydoestheauthorsaysthebombingofNagasakiisthefittersymbolofthenuclearperil?Whyorwhynot?whatshouldwedoinadditiontoapprehendingthenuclearperil?36/50Comeintoone’sown

toshowone’strueworthorabilities.E-C:Onslipperyroads,thistoughlittlecarreallycomesintoitsown.這輛堅(jiān)固小車(chē)在易打滑路面上真是顯示出它優(yōu)點(diǎn)。Hisstudyhasnotyetcomeintoitsown.他研究依然沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有認(rèn)可。

Hewrotesuccessfulnovelsbefore,buthereallycomeintohisownwiththelatestone.他從前寫(xiě)過(guò)一些成功小說(shuō)，但在最近一部中他才真正充分發(fā)揮了自己專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)。 37/50Similarphrasesas“inaflash”

inasplitsecond

inasecondinablinkinaflash

inawink

inamoment

inaninstant

inaminute

38/50NagasakihasalwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima,asifthehuamnimaginationhadstumbledtoexhaustioninthewreckageofthefirstruinedcitywithoutreachingeventheoutskirtsofthesecond.NagasakeislessfamousthanHiroshima,asifthehumanimaginationhadbeenexhaustedandstoppedatthewreckageofthefirstruinedcityandfailedtoreacheventheoutskirtsofNagasaki.39/50stumble:v.walkunsteadily/missastepandfallornearlyfall

eg.~overatoneThegirlfinishedthewhiskyandthenstumbledupstairsandintobed.[搭配]stumbleon/over絆在某物上stumbleat/overaword說(shuō)話結(jié)結(jié)巴巴stumbleacross偶然碰到，恰巧找到40/50Ifyoukeepyoureyessofixedonheaventhatyouneverlookattheearth,youwillstumbleintohell.Ifyoualwayslookbeyondtherangeofthereality,youwilltrapyourselfinaplight(asituationfromwhichisdifficultespeciallyanunpleasantortryingone

).假如你眼睛總盯著天堂而不看地面，你會(huì)跌入地獄。41/50Pleasedistinguish:stagger/stumble/totter42/50Hangover

(esp.ofanunpleasantevent)tobeabouttohappenorseemlikelytohappensoonE-C:Theprospectofdefeatisnowhangingoverthem./ThethreatofwarhungoverEuropefor21years./Aneconomiccrisiswashangingoverthecapitalistworld.

43/50Eachpicturethereforeseemednotsomuchanimageofsomethingthathappenedahalf-centuryagoas

awindow…

notsomuchAasB=notsomuchAbut(rather)BEachpictureseemednotanimageofsomethingthathappenedacenturyagobutawindowthatwasfixedintothewallofthephotographycentershowingwhatcouldeasilyhappentoNYsoon.44/50Theknightisnotsomuchbraveasre