成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：基本句型 基本句型英語(yǔ)的基本句型有五種：1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不及物動(dòng)詞）。如：Mygrandmacanneitherreadnorwrite.2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)。如：Morningexerciseswilldoyoualotofgood.3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)。如：InBeijing，thebestseasonoftheyearisprobablyautumn.4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)。如；Theprofessorgaveusaspeechyesterday.5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Maryhadherhaircutyesterday.句子的分類一、按用途分類句子按用途分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。（一）陳述句陳述句說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的看法。如：Shearrivedquiteearly.Idon'tseeanypointinmakinganotherspeechonthisproblem.（二）疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。1.一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句通常以助動(dòng)詞開始，要求以yes或no回答。如："Willyoupassonamessagetohim？""Yes，what'sit？""Doyoulikesports？""No，Ipreferreadinginmysparetime."2.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句以疑問(wèn)代詞開頭，后面通常接一般疑問(wèn)句，如果疑問(wèn)詞或其修飾的詞作句子的主語(yǔ)，后面應(yīng)用陳述句句序。如：Howmuchdidshecharge？Whoisresponsiblefortheaccident？（beresponsiblefor為……負(fù)責(zé)）"______doyourecordthetemperatureinthelab？""Everytwohours."A.Howsoon

B.Howlong

C.Howoften

D.Howmuch（答案Chowoften表示頻率，howsoon最快……，howlong一段延續(xù)的時(shí)間，howmuch問(wèn)價(jià)錢）3.選擇疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)句在結(jié)構(gòu)上類似于一般疑問(wèn)句，選擇的兩部分由or連接起來(lái)。如：Doyouprefercoffeeortea？-Eitherwilldo.AreyoufromShanghaiorSuzhou？-I'mfromSuzhou.4.反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成，前一部分用陳述句的形式，后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的問(wèn)句。如果前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分用否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，兩部分主語(yǔ)的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。如：Youaregoingouttoday，aren'tyou？Wecan'ttakethebooksout，canwe？當(dāng)反意疑問(wèn)句的前一部分是否定句，或含有no，nothing，never，hardly，seldom等詞時(shí)，回答時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意。事實(shí)上肯定的用yes，事實(shí)上否定的用no.Youwon'tbeawayforlong，willyou？-No，I'llbebackintenminutes.Heishardlyten，ishe？-Yes，heisten.Youhaven'tanyobjectiontotheidea，haveyou？-No，Ihaven't.（objectionto反對(duì)，to是介詞）Theyhavenoclassestomorrow，havethey？-No，theyhaven't.日常用語(yǔ)中有些反意疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成與上述不同，有其獨(dú)特的方式。如：Haveacupoftea，willyou？Let'smeetatthestation，shallwe？Whatalovelyday，isn'tit？4.反意疑問(wèn)句1.Younevertoldushisphonenumber，_______？A.hadn'tyou

B.didn'tyou

C.hadyou

D.didyou答案D2.Idon'tthinkyou'veheardofhimbefore，________？A.don'tI

B.doI

C.haveyou

D.haven'tyou答案C3.Mountainscanbeverydangerous，________？A.can'tthey

B.aren'tthey

C.don'tthey

C.won'tthey答案A4."Jillhasatoothache.""It'sbeenhurtingherforquiteawhile，_______？"A.isn'tit

B.doesn'tit

C.wasn'tit

D.hasn'tit答案D5.Beginnershavetolearnfromtheirmistakes，_______they？A.haven't

B.mustn't

C.don't

D.aren'tlearnfrom從……學(xué)到答案C6."It'sawfullycoldthismorning.""Yes，butit'snotcolderthanitwasyesterday，_______it？"A.wasn't

B.isn't

C.is

D.was答案C7.Let'stryabitharder，_______？A.willwe

B.shallwe

C.dowe

D.arewe答案B（三）祈使句祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、號(hào)召等，主語(yǔ)一般是you，在句子中省略，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，否定一般在謂語(yǔ)前加don't.如：Let'snotwastetimearguingaboutit.（wastetimedoing）Besuretocomeherebeforenine.Don'tdothatagain.Don'thesitatietoturntomeifyouareintrouble.（turntosb.向某人求助）（四）感嘆句感嘆句表示說(shuō)話人的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒，一般由what或how引導(dǎo)，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞或副詞。What+n.；How+adj.如：Whatgoodnewsitis！Howgoodthenewsis！Whatsillyquestionsyouasked！Howsillythequestionsyouasked！WhatabadmemoryI'vegot！Ievenforgottobringthebookwithme.HowbadthememoryI'vegot！Look！_______lovelydayitis！A.What

B.How

C.Whata

D.Howa（答案C）句法部分的一個(gè)重要考核點(diǎn)是反意疑問(wèn)句。其提問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)（往往是代詞）應(yīng)該與前半句一致，回答部分前后應(yīng)保持一致。如：1.YournameisMary，_______？A.aren'tyou

B.isit

C.isn'tit

D.areyou（答案C）2.Johnstudiesinastateuniversity，_________he？A.donot

B.does

C.doesn't

D.do（答案C）3."Shewasn'tinwhenherhusbandcame，wasshe？""______，butshereturnedafewminuteslater."A.No，shewas

B.No，shewasn'tC.Yes，shewas

D.Yes，shewasn't（答案B）此外，考生應(yīng)注意句型let's…，其后面往往用shallwe提問(wèn)。如：Let'sdothecleaningrightafterclass，_____？A.willyou

B.shallwe

C.doyou

D.canwe（答案B）另一類需引起注意的句子是感嘆句。感嘆句的引導(dǎo)詞是what（修飾名詞）或how（修飾形容詞、副詞），考生應(yīng)特別注意what修飾的名詞，看它是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，若是單數(shù)，前面往往需加不定冠詞。1._______wonderfulbirthdayIamhaving！A.What

B.Whata

C.How

D.Howmuch答案B2.________lovelyweatherwehavebeenhavingthesedays！A.How

B.What

C.Howa

D.Whata答案B3.Howlovelytheyare！二、按結(jié)構(gòu)分類考試大綱要求：句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分類可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）簡(jiǎn)單句只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而句子各個(gè)成分都由單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的句子叫做簡(jiǎn)單句。如：I'mgoingtotheGreatWalltomorrow.（二）并列句包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上互不依從的簡(jiǎn)單句的句子叫并列句。并列句中的分句通常用逗號(hào)、分號(hào)或并列連詞連接起來(lái)。如：I'dliketotravelintheholidays，butmywifeinsistsongoingtoherparents'home.Therewasnonews；nevertheless，hewentonhoping.（goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事）（三）復(fù)合句大綱要求：（1）主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成及其常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞；（2）定語(yǔ)從句的種類、構(gòu)成及常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞；（3）狀語(yǔ)從句的種類及其常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它指的是包含兩個(gè)和兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中至少有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)句子的某個(gè)成份。比如當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，這個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)就稱為從句，所有從句都要用陳述句句序。1.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)不是一個(gè)詞而是一個(gè)句子，它因?yàn)橛羞@個(gè)主句了，所以主語(yǔ)這個(gè)句子叫從句。主語(yǔ)從句可以位于句首，也可以位于句子的尾部，而在句首一般用it做它的形式主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)連有that和whether這兩個(gè)都是不能省略的。Whatshedidisnotyetknow.Itiscertainthatweshellbelate.Itiscurttohimthathehadforgottobuythebook.Howtheprisonerisescapeisacompletesecret.1.______atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofourbusiness.A.Thatwediscussed

B.WhatwediscussedC.Howdidwediscuss

D.Whatdidwediscuss答案B（beofimportance=beimportant）2._______yousaynowcan'tmakeupforwhatyou'vedone.A.Nomatter

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Thatmakeupfor為……補(bǔ)償答案B3._______wasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.A.That

B.Which

C.Who

D.What答案D4._______youdo，doitwell.A.What

B.Which

C.That

D.Whateverwhich不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。whatever=nomatterwhat答案D5.__________theprisonerescapedisamystery.A.What

B.How

C.That

D.Which引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞是that，whether和疑問(wèn)詞。答案B2.賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與主語(yǔ)從句基本相同。關(guān)聯(lián)詞that一般可以省略，whether一般可與if（"是否"）互換。賓語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)也可以放在句子的后部，而在前面用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句還可以接在介詞后面。Theytoldusagainthatthesituationwasserious.Idoubtwhetherhewillcome.Idon'tknowifyoucouldhelpmetomorrow.Weallthoughtitapitythatyouhadfailedtheexam.1.Thephotoswillshowyou_______.A.whatdoesthehouselooklike

B.whatthehouselookslikeC.howdoesthehouselooklike

D.howthehouselookslike答案B2.Ihope______myletter.A.hertoanswer

B.thatsheshouldanswerC.thatshewillanswer

D.heransweringhopetodosth.hope+that從句。將來(lái)時(shí)用will.Shehopestoworkinthiscompany.答案C3.Theseapplesareveryexpensive.Doyouknow_______？A.howdotheycost

B.howmanydotheycostC.howmuchdotheycost

D.howmuchtheycost答案D4.ThestoryofJonarimplies_________lovecannotbeseparatedfromresponsibility.A.how

B.if

C.that

D.whether答案Cseparatefrom和……分開5.Hewondered________.A.whatwillbehiswife'sreaction

B.whatwouldhiswife'sreactionbe

C.whathiswife'sreactionwouldbe

D.howwouldbehiswife'sreaction答案C6.ThefatladyaskedAlex_______hewantedsomethingtoeat.A.what

B.if

C.that

D.which答案B7.Theteacheraskedme________.A.whetherornotIhadfinishedmywork

B.didIfinishmyworkornot

C.ismyworkfinishedornot

D.ifornotIhavefinishedmywork答案Awhetherornot8.AlthoughIexpectedsomethingdifferent，Iwasstillsurprisedby_______hesaid.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.how答案A修飾不定代詞的形容詞放在不定代詞后面。人做主語(yǔ)surprise用過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)。9.Idon'tknowhisaddressexcept________itwasLeadenhallStreet.A.that

B.whether

C.what

D.where答案A10.Mr.Lambdidnotknow_______heshouldrenewthelease（租約）ornot.A.what

B.whether

C.if

D.which答案B3.表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句基本相同。如：Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.That'swhywehadtoputoffthemeeting.（putoff：延期）1.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoFrancewas_______anewjob.A.becauseIgot

B.becauseofgettingC.dueto

D.thatIgotduetosth./sb.：becauseofsth./sb.由于某事物/某人Theteam'ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.該隊(duì)的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。Hewaslateduetotheveryheavytraffic.他遲到是因?yàn)榻煌〒頂D。答案D2.Heworkstoohard.Thatis_______iswrongwithhim.A.thatwhich

B.thewhat

C.what

D.thethingwhat答案C3.Onereasonwhywomenlivelongerthanmenafterretirementis______womencancontinuetodosomethingtheyareusedtodoing.A.because

B.for

C.since

D.thatbeusedtodoing答案D4.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句常位于idea，fact，news，fear，belief，doubt，proof，evidence等名詞后面，對(duì)這些名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋。同位語(yǔ)從句大多由關(guān)聯(lián)詞that引導(dǎo)（that不可以省略）。如：Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.Haveyouheardthenewsthatwewillhaveapicnicnextweek？Therecanbenodoubtthatmybrotherisqualifiedforthejob.Wheredidyougettheideathattheclasswouldbecancelled？Sofarthereisnoproof_______spaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.A.which

B.that

C.how

D.what答案B5.定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句子不可缺少的一部分，沒(méi)有它，句子不能成立，或意思不清楚，不說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只對(duì)其修飾的部分作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有它句子其他部分仍然可以成立。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句常用逗號(hào)與前面的部分隔開。5.定語(yǔ)從句1）修飾人的定語(yǔ)從句who

主語(yǔ)／賓語(yǔ)（口語(yǔ)中，可省略）that

主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)（可省略，前面不能有介詞）whom賓語(yǔ)（前面沒(méi)有介詞時(shí)可省略）whose定語(yǔ)Doyouknowthepersontowhomheistalking？Doyouknowtheperson（whom/that）heistalkingto？Heistheman（who/whom/that）youcanrelyon.Heisthemanonwhomyoucanrely.Doyouknowthewomanwho（that）iswatchingTV？You'retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.Thegirlswhosenameswerecalledstoodup.Hereistheman（whom/that）you'vebeenlookingfor.Heisamanonwhomyoucansafelydepend.2）修飾物的定語(yǔ)從句如果修飾的詞是物，而它在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，則可以用that和which.如果修飾的詞是物，而它在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，則可以用that（可省略，前面不能有介詞）和which（前面沒(méi)有介詞時(shí)可省略）。whose后接名詞做定語(yǔ)。Shewasn'tonthetrainwhich/thatarrivedjustnow.Thedogwhich/thatwaslosthasbeenfound.Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe'vehadsomuchdiscussion.Thisisthequestion（that/which）we'vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.Thenovel（that/which）herecommendedisworthreading.（beworthdoing；值得做某事）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞是不定代詞，如anybody，nobody，nothing等，或是有only，very，形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾的名詞時(shí)，從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞往往用that，that作從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常被省略。Isthereanything（that）Icandoforyou？All（that）youhavetodoistoclosethedoorandwaitforhim.Thisisoneoftheeasiestquestionsthatdonotneedanswering.Thereisnooneintheworldwho/thatdoesnotmakeamistake.定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞是不定代詞、only、very、形容詞最高級(jí)關(guān)聯(lián)詞用that，如果that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，則可以省略。3）修飾時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)間的用when，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于"介詞+which"，在句中做狀語(yǔ)。修飾地點(diǎn)的用where，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于"介詞+which"，在句中做狀語(yǔ)。修飾原因的一般情況下跟的都是reason，用why關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。HecamelastnightwhenIwasgoingtobed.Iknowofaplacewherewecanhavelunch.She'sgoinghomewhereshecanrest.DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly？There'snoreasonwhyheshoulddoso.4）非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用關(guān)聯(lián)詞that.修飾人時(shí)用who，whose，whom；修飾物時(shí)用which，whose；修飾地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間的名詞，且作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)分別用where，when.如：Water，whichisaclearliquid，hasmanyuses.Ourguide，whoisaChinese，isanexcellentcook.TheywillflytoBoston，wheretheycanplantostayforfourdays，andthengotoNewYork.Hepickedupthebook，thecoverofwhichhadbeentorn.（tear-tore-torn撕裂、撕碎）HeisourEnglishteacher，whosewifeisamanagerinabigfirm.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句還可以修飾整個(gè)句子，關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用which.Theactivitywaspostponed，whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.Theyhaveinvitedmetoattendtheparty，whichisverykindofthem.限定型定語(yǔ)從句，如果修飾物并做賓語(yǔ)，前面又有介詞，只能用which.但是如果定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是不定代詞，或是only，very以及形容詞最高級(jí)，只能用that.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中修飾物只能用which，修飾人只能用who.如果非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)句子，關(guān)聯(lián)詞只能用which.as也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，多和such連用。如：Boyashewas，hewaschosenking.HewasinsuchafuryasIhaveneverseen.Let'sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.1.August15，1999wasoneofthegreatestdaysinhislife______hewasacceptedbyauniversity.A.while

B.that

C.which

D.when答案D2.Ourconcertturnedouttobeagreatsuccess，_______theyhadneverexpected.A.what

B.that

C.when

D.which答案D3.Itwasacoldwinternight，andtherewasn'tanyone_______theboycouldturntoforhelpinthestreet.A.that

B.which

C.whom

D.what答案Aturntosb.向某人求助4.All_____isacontinuoussupplyoffuel.A.whatisneeded

B.thethingneededC.thatisneeded

D.fortheirneeds答案C5.HuangHong，________fatherisataxidriver，studiescomputerscienceintheU.S.A.her

B.she's

C.whose

D.that答案C6.Mr.Liisgoingtovisittheuniversity________hestudied25yearsago.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.inwhere答案D正確答案inwhich答案A7.Shehadthreesons，all________becamedoctors.A.ofwhich

B.which

C.ofwhom

D.who答案C8.Theonlything_________reallymatterstothechildrenishowsoontheycanreturnhome.A.that

B.which

C.what

D./答案A9."DoyouknowTom？""Ithinkso.Isn'the_______smokesincessantly（不停地）？"A.who

B.theman

C.themanwho

D.thepersonwhich答案C10.Theseventeenthcenturywasone________manysignificantadvancesweremadeinbothscienceandphilosophy.A.inthat

B.inwhich

C.whose

D.of答案B11.Englishwordsarenotalwaysspelled________.A.thewaytheysound

B.thewaytheytosoundC.thewaythey'resounding

D.astheyaresounding答案A12.Angelwasthefirstgirl________whenyougothere.A.youtalkedtowhom

B.youtalkedtoC.whomyoutalked

D.whotalkedyouA的正確答案為whomyoutalkedto/towhomyoutalkedto答案B13.Hearrivedlate，________wasannoying.A.what

B.that

C.which

D.whom答案C14.Shewasextremelyunderstanding，_______helpedtocalmJamesdown.A.which

B.it

C.that

D.this答案A15.I'veneverdinedwithyou，sir；andIseenoreason________.A.howshouldInow

B.howIshouldnowC.whyshouldInow

D.whyIshouldnow答案D16.Theletter_______ImailedtomysisteramonthbeforeChristmashasnotyetreachedher.A.that

B.which

C./

D.alloftheabove答案D17.________isknowntotheworld，MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanwriter.A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It答案C6.狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、目的、結(jié)果、行為方式、比較、讓步等。1）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有when，whenever，before，after，while，as，once（一旦），until，（ever）since，assoonas等。時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的情況通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Whenyoucrossaroad，youmustbecareful.Itwillnotbelongbeforewemeetagain.Shecomeshereeverymonthsinceshewasachildtoseehergrandmother.AssoonasIknowit，I'lltellyou.2）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞有where和wherever.如：Sitdownwhereveryoulike.Putitwhereyoufoundit.3）條件狀語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞有if，unless，as/solongas（只要），incase（萬(wàn)一）等。如：As/Solongaswedon'tgiveup，weareboundtosucceed.（beboundtodosth.

注定要做某事；giveup放棄）IncaseIgorget，pleaseremindmeofthat.（remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人做某事）Ifitsnowstomorrow，wewillstayathome.Iwilldoanythingaslongasitisinteresting.4）原因狀語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞有because，as（由于，因?yàn)椋?，since（由于，既然），nowthat（既然），that等。AsIdidn'tknowtheway，Iaskedapoliceman.Sincenooneisagainst，we'lladopttheproposal.Seeingthatshe'sill，she'sunlikelytocome.NotthatIdislikethework，butthatIhavenotime.4）原因狀語(yǔ)從句because，assince，for皆為"因?yàn)?時(shí)的區(qū)別：a.because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用以回答why引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句。它可和強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only，just以及否定詞not連用，其所引導(dǎo)的從句常位于主句之后，只有強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)才置于主句之前。Because從句還可以用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，如ItwasbecauseIwantedtoseemymotherthatIwenttoBeijinglastmonth.（Itwas…that/Itis…that）b.As語(yǔ)氣較弱，較口語(yǔ)化，所表的原因比較明顯，或是已知的事實(shí)，所以不用強(qiáng)調(diào)。As從句之前不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)句和not，也不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。As從句多置于主句之前。c.Since的語(yǔ)氣也比較弱，常表示對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)，往往相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的"既然".它和as一樣，其前也不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)詞和not，也不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。d.For和上述三個(gè)從屬連詞不同，它是一個(gè)等立連詞，比較文氣。它有時(shí)可用來(lái)作附加說(shuō)明，Wemustgetridofcarelessness，foritoftenleadstoerrors.我們一定要克服粗枝大葉的毛病，因?yàn)檫@常導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。5）目的狀語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞有sothat，inorderthat，forfearthat（以免），incase（以免）等。Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.Hespokeslowlyinorderthateveryoneshouldunderstand.I'vegotthekeyincasewewanttogoinside.6）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞有sothat，so…that，such…that等。such+名詞，so+形容詞，副詞。It'ssuchagoodchancethatwecan'tmissit.Hewassoangrythathecouldnotspeak.Everybodylentahandsothattheworkwasfinishedaheadoftime.7）方式狀語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞主要有as（正如）和asif，asthough.Helooksasifhe'stired.Ididjustasyoutoldme.8）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞有though，although，as（雖然），evenif，eventhough，nomatter，whatever，however等。ThoughIamfondofmusic，Ican'tplayanyinstrument.（befondof喜愛）Althoughitisdifficult，we'lldoit.Whateveryousay，Idon'tbelieveyou.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子需要倒裝。Tryasyoumay，youwillneversucceed.Youngassheis，sheisalreadyfamiliarwithmostofthestories.（befamiliarwith對(duì)……熟悉；besimilarto和……相似）OldasIam，Icanstillclimbthemountain.9）比較狀語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞主要有than和as（像…一樣）。Icanwalkfasterthanyoucanrun.Hespenttwiceasmuchtimeonthispictureasonthatone.Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.1.Ifanybody______mewhileI'mout，tellhimI'llcallhimbacklateron.A.phones

B.willphone

C.isphoning

D.phoned答案A2.Wemustbegintestingtheinstrument，nomatter_______difficultitis.A.what

B.how

C.when

D.where答案B3.I'llleavehimanote________he'llknowwhereweare.A.sothat

B.that

C.inorder

D.for答案A4.________heworkedallday，hecouldn'tfinishthejob.A.Even

B.Incase

C.Although

D.Inspiteofincase萬(wàn)一inspiteof盡管，引導(dǎo)短語(yǔ)答案C5.________toNewYork，herfatherhasnotheardfromher.A.Becauseshewent

B.AftershewentC.Whenshewent

D.Sinceshewent答案D6."DidyoureturnFred'scall？""Idon'tneedto_______I'llseehimtomorrow."Athough

B.because

C.otherwise

D.unless答案B7."MyunclecomesinfromIrantonight.""Howlonghasitbeen_______youlastsawhim？"A.since

B.as

C.while

D.when答案A8.Thesizeoftheaudience，_________wehadexpected，waswelloveronethousand.A.whom

B.as

C.who

D.thatwellover超過(guò)答案B復(fù)合句部分除了應(yīng)注意根據(jù)句子意思的需要選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞外，還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）所有的從句都要用陳述句的句序。如：1.Theywanttoknow________dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey

B.whattheycanC.howtheycan

D.howcanthey（答案B）2.Excuseme，sir.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation？（2）時(shí)間及條件狀語(yǔ)從句，evenif、eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的情況，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。1.Wepromisethatwewillmeetagainafterwe_______ourcollegeeducationinthreeyears'time.A.finish

B.willfinish

C.havefinished

D.willhavefinished（答案A）2.IfMary________，tellherI'llcallherbackassoonasIreturn.A.call

B.calls

C.called

D.isgoingtocall（答案B）3.Evenifit__________tomorrow，thesportsmeetwilltakeplace.A.willrain

B.rains

C.rain

D.hasrained（takeplace舉行；答案B）（3）what和that的區(qū)別what可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，有其具體的含義。that可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句，在前四種從句中that沒(méi)有任何具體的含義，也不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分，所以當(dāng)從句意義和結(jié)構(gòu)完整時(shí)，關(guān)聯(lián)詞往往選擇that.1._______wewilldonextisstillunderdiscussion.A.That

B.When

C.Where

D.What（答案D）2.Hefoundatlast_______hehadbeenlookingfor.A.that

B.what

C.where

D.which（答案B）3.Hewasovercomebythefear_________hehadlungcancer.A.which

B.what

C.that

D.of（答案C）4.Thedoctorinsiststhatmybrothergiveupsmoking.that在定語(yǔ)從句中可以指代先行詞，表示人或物，作從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，但不能置于介詞之后。當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞，或有only，very，first或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)一般需用that.that不可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。1.Ineedacoatthat/whichisbothwarmandlightinweight.2.Isthistheboy（whom/that）youwerelookingfor？3.Atfirsttheoldmanseemedunwillingtoacceptanything_______wasofferedhimbymyfriendandme.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.it（答案A）4.Thisistheveryfactory_______wevisitedforthefirsttimein1996.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.what（答案C）5.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplelikeplayingfootball，_______isanexcitinggame.（答案B）A.what

B.which

C.that

D.because（4）when和where在定語(yǔ)從句中可以分別指代先行詞所表示的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，但在從句只能作狀語(yǔ)，往往可以與"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)互換。1.Istillremembertheplace______ourclassoncedidsomefieldwork.（答案C）A.there

B.which

C.where

D.when2.Wevisitedthehousewhere/inwhichLuXunlivedinShanghai.3.Istillremembertheyear________Ifirstcametothisbeautifulcity.（答案D）A.which

B.inwhich

C.when

D.BothBandC答案C3.Mountainscanbeverydangerous，________？A.can'tthey

B.aren'tthey

C.don'tthey

C.won'tthey答案A4."Jillhasatoothache.""It'sbeenhurtingherforquiteawhile，_______？"A.isn'tit

B.doesn'tit

C.wasn'tit

D.hasn'tit答案D5.Beginnershavetolearnfromtheirmistakes，_______they？A.haven't

B.mustn't

C.don't

D.aren'tlearnfrom從……學(xué)到答案C6."It'sawfullycoldthismorning.""Yes，butit'snotcolderthanitwasyesterday，_______it？"A.wasn't

B.isn't

C.is

D.was答案C7.Let'stryabitharder，_______？A.willwe

B.shallwe

C.dowe

D.arewe答案B（三）祈使句祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、號(hào)召等，主語(yǔ)一般是you，在句子中省略，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，否定一般在謂語(yǔ)前加don't.如：Let'snotwastetimearguingaboutit.（wastetimedoing）Besuretocomeherebeforenine.Don'tdothatagain.Don'thesitatietoturntomeifyouareintrouble.（turntosb.向某人求助）（四）感嘆句感嘆句表示說(shuō)話人的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒，一般由what或how引導(dǎo)，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞或副詞。What+n.；How+adj.如：Whatgoodnewsitis！Howgoodthenewsis！Whatsillyquestionsyouasked！Howsillythequestionsyouasked！WhatabadmemoryI'vegot！Ievenforgottobringthebookwithme.HowbadthememoryI'vegot！Look！_______lovelydayitis！A.What

B.How

C.Whata

D.Howa（答案C）句法部分的一個(gè)重要考核點(diǎn)是反意疑問(wèn)句。其提問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)（往往是代詞）應(yīng)該與前半句一致，回答部分前后應(yīng)保持一致。如：1.YournameisMary，_______？A.aren'tyou

B.isit

C.isn'tit

D.areyou（答案C）2.Johnstudiesinastateuniversity，_________he？A.donot

B.does

C.doesn't

D.do（答案C）3."Shewasn'tinwhenherhusbandcame，wasshe？""______，butshereturnedafewminuteslater."A.No，shewas

B.No，shewasn'tC.Yes，shewas

D.Yes，shewasn't（答案B）此外，考生應(yīng)注意句型let's…，其后面往往用shallwe提問(wèn)。如：Let'sdothecleaningrightafterclass，_____？A.willyou

B.shallwe

C.doyou

D.canwe（答案B）另一類需引起注意的句子是感嘆句。感嘆句的引導(dǎo)詞是what（修飾名詞）或how（修飾形容詞、副詞），考生應(yīng)特別注意what修飾的名詞，看它是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，若是單數(shù)，前面往往需加不定冠詞。1._______wonderfulbirthdayIamhaving！A.What

B.Whata

C.How

D.Howmuch答案B2.________lovelyweatherwehavebeenhavingthesedays！A.How

B.What

C.Howa

D.Whata答案B3.Howlovelytheyare！二、按結(jié)構(gòu)分類考試大綱要求：句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分類可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）簡(jiǎn)單句只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而句子各個(gè)成分都由單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的句子叫做簡(jiǎn)單句。如：I'mgoingtotheGreatWalltomorrow.（二）并列句包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上互不依從的簡(jiǎn)單句的句子叫并列句。并列句中的分句通常用逗號(hào)、分號(hào)或并列連詞連接起來(lái)。如：I'dliketotravelintheholidays，butmywifeinsistsongoingtoherparents'home.Therewasnonews；nevertheless，hewentonhoping.（goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事）（三）復(fù)合句大綱要求：（1）主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成及其常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞；（2）定語(yǔ)從句的種類、構(gòu)成及常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞；（3）狀語(yǔ)從句的種類及其常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它指的是包含兩個(gè)和兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中至少有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)句子的某個(gè)成份。比如當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，這個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)就稱為從句，所有從句都要用陳述句句序。1.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)不是一個(gè)詞而是一個(gè)句子，它因?yàn)橛羞@個(gè)主句了，所以主語(yǔ)這個(gè)句子叫從句。主語(yǔ)從句可以位于句首，也可以位于句子的尾部，而在句首一般用it做它的形式主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)連有that和whether這兩個(gè)都是不能省略的。Whatshedidisnotyetknow.Itiscertainthatweshellbelate.Itiscurttohimthathehadforgottobuythebook.Howtheprisonerisescapeisacompletesecret.1.______atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofourbusiness.A.Thatwediscussed

B.WhatwediscussedC.Howdidwediscuss

D.Whatdidwediscuss答案B（beofimportance=beimportant）2._______yousaynowcan'tmakeupforwhatyou'vedone.A.Nomatter

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Thatmakeupfor為……補(bǔ)償答案B3._______wasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.A.That

B.Which

C.Who

D.What答案D4._______youdo，doitwell.A.What

B.Which

C.That

D.Whateverwhich不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。whatever=nomatterwhat答案D5.__________theprisonerescapedisamystery.A.What

B.How

C.That

D.Which引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞是that，whether和疑問(wèn)詞。答案B2.賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與主語(yǔ)從句基本相同。關(guān)聯(lián)詞that一般可以省略，whether一般可與if（"是否"）互換。賓語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)也可以放在句子的后部，而在前面用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句還可以接在介詞后面。Theytoldusagainthatthesituationwasserious.Idoubtwhetherhewillcome.Idon'tknowifyoucouldhelpmetomorrow.Weallthoughtitapitythatyouhadfailedtheexam.1.Thephotoswillshowyou_______.A.whatdoesthehouselooklike

B.whatthehouselookslikeC.howdoesthehouselooklike

D.howthehouselookslike答案B2.Ihope______myletter.A.hertoanswer

B.thatsheshouldanswerC.thatshewillanswer

D.heransweringhopetodosth.hope+that從句。將來(lái)時(shí)用will.Shehopestoworkinthiscompany.答案C3.Theseapplesareveryexpensive.Doyouknow_______？A.howdotheycost

B.howmanydotheycostC.howmuchdotheycost

D.howmuchtheycost答案D4.ThestoryofJonarimplies_________lovecannotbeseparatedfromresponsibility.A.how

B.if

C.that

D.whether答案Cseparatefrom和……分開5.Hewondered________.A.whatwillbehiswife'sreaction

B.whatwouldhiswife'sreactionbe

C.whathiswife'sreactionwouldbe

D.howwouldbehiswife'sreaction答案C6.ThefatladyaskedAlex_______hewantedsomethingtoeat.A.what

B.if

C.that

D.which答案B7.Theteacheraskedme________.A.whetherornotIhadfinishedmywork

B.didIfinishmyworkornot

C.ismyworkfinishedornot

D.i