名詞性從句及習題綜合專題一．主語從句定義：句子的主語部分變成一個句子，充當主句的主語；形式主語it：主語從句中為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it來充當形式主語，將真正的主語后移；3.引導詞：(1)定義：連接主句和從句的詞；(2)連詞：只起連接作用，不作成分，包括that(無意思),if(是否)和whether(是否)；(3)關(guān)系代詞：在從句中作主語，賓語或定語等成分；有what(事情或樣子),which,who,whose等；(4)關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語，有where,when,why,how等；(5)關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞統(tǒng)稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作成分。4.that引導的主語從句既可放在句首，也可放在句末。但是為了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主語，把真正的主語從句放在句后；e.g.Thatheisadoctoristrue.=Itistruethatheisadoctor.Itissurprisingthatsheissoangry.Thathesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.=Itisamiraclethathesurvivedtheaccident.5.主語從句中固定的四種搭配：It+be+名詞+that從句；e.g.Itisafactthat…Itiscommonsense(常識)that…It’sapity/ashame/aquestion/anhonor/awonder…that…It+be+形容詞+that從句；e.g.Itiscertain/clear/evident/likely/probable/better/naturalthat…(3)It+be+過去分詞+that從句；e.g.Itissaid/demanded/believed/reported/estimatedthat…It+不及物動詞+that從句e.g.Itseems/happened/follows/matters/occurredtome/strucktomethat…6.whether與if引導主語從句的區(qū)別whether引導的主語從句既可放在句首也可放在句后，if引導的主語從句只能放在句后。e.g.Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.Itisdoubtfulthatwhetherthepresidentknowsthedetailsoftheplan.7.wh-疑問詞引導的表語從句：wh-疑問詞引導的主語從句別表示具體的地點，時間，原因，方式，事情等。其中what(事情或樣子),which,who,whose等為關(guān)系代詞，作主語，賓語或定語等成分；where(地方),when(時間),why(原因，理由),how(方式)等為關(guān)系副詞，作狀語。e.g.Whathedidyesterdayisworthpraising.WhyTomdecidedtodothethingisreasonable.8.“特殊疑問代詞+ever”可以引導主語從句，表示“無論……”;但是“nomatter+特殊疑問代詞”不能應(yīng)到主語從句，通常用于讓步狀語從句中。e.g.Whoeverdidthethingdeservespraising.9.判斷主語從句所用引導詞的技巧；根據(jù)句子成分及句意理解；注意主語從句要用陳述語序。10.語法填空：(1)Itdoesn'tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthestore.(2)_________makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.(3)________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.(4)Itremainstobeseen_________thenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.(5)Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(6)_______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflectaculturaldifference.(7)_______shecouldn'tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinscience.(8)__________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.(9)__________bookyouborrow,youmustreturnitinaweek.(10)________willgototheconcertisnotknown.(11)_______hecandoitisaproblem.(12)_______hewasturneddowntheinvitationwasnotclear.(13)________kindsofbookstheywillbuyneedsconsidering.11.改錯：Whatisrequiredintheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.(2)Ifwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(3)Whereshallwespendtheholidayhasn'tbeendecided.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin. Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(6)Itisnotcertainifthepolicemenwillcomeornot.12.答案：語法填空：(1)whether;(2)What;(3)When;(4)whether;(5)that;(6)That;(7)What;(8)Whoever;(9)Whichever;(10)Who;(11)How;(12)Why;(13)What改錯：What改為it;If改為Whether;Shallwe改為weshall;That改為It;Nomatterwho改為Whoever;If改為whether二．表語從句1.定義：在系動詞后面也可跟一個有連接詞引導的句子；2.系動詞：分為be動詞，后面能接形容詞的感官動詞及相當于be動詞用法的實義動詞。(1)be動詞：am/is/are/was/were等；(2)后面接形容詞的感官動詞：feel/sound/look/taste/smell等；(3)相當于be動詞用法的實義動詞：become/keep/remain等。e.g.Tomisagooddoctor.Theyarefriendly.Thatsoundsgreat.Weshouldkeepquietintheclassroom.3.引導詞：(1)定義：連接主句和從句的詞；(2)分類：連詞，疑問代詞，疑問副詞；=1\*GB3①連詞：只起連接作用，不作成分，包括that(無意思),if(是否)和whether(是否)；=2\*GB3②疑問代詞：在從句中作主語，賓語或定語等成分；有what(事情或樣子),which,who,whose等；=3\*GB3③疑問副詞：在從句中作狀語，有where,when,why,how等；=4\*GB3④疑問詞：疑問代詞和疑問副詞統(tǒng)稱為疑問詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作成分。4.that引導的表語從句:“主語+系動詞+that從句”；that不作成分，只起連接主句和從句的作用；在表語從句中不可省略，稱作連詞。e.g.Thefactisthathedidn’teventaketheexam.ThetroubleisthatIhavelostthedocument.5.wh-疑問詞引導的表語從句：wh-疑問詞引導的從句作“Thisis”和“Thatis”的表語時，它們通常不含有疑問意義，而是分別表示具體的地點，時間，原因，方式等。其中what(事情或樣子),which,who,whose等為疑問代詞，作主語，賓語或定語等成分；where(地點),when(時間),why(原因),how(方式)等為疑問副詞，作狀語。e.g.Thatiswhyhewaslateforanhour.Thisiswherethegreatmanoncelived.Sheisnolongerwhatshewasfiveyearsago.Whatistroublingusiswherewecanfindhim.6.從屬連詞asif,asthough,because,justas等引導的表語從句:e.g.Itlooksasifwewillbelate.Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsago.7.注意：(1)主句的主語是reason時，表語從句要用that，不能用because;e.g.Thereason(why)hewasabsentwasthathewasill.Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedwasthathewascarelessandirresponsible.(2)引導表語從句只能用whether，不能用if.e.g.HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.8.專題練習：(1)Thetroubleis_______weareshortofmoney.(2)Thatis_______stonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.(3)Atthattime,______seemedasifIcouldn’tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.(4)Thetroubleis________helosthismoney.(5)Thequestionis_________weneedmoreicecream.(6)Theproblemwas_______itwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.(7)Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwas_________fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.9.答案：(1)that;(2)why;(3)it;(4)that;(5)whether;(6)that;(7)that三．賓語從句1.定義：用作賓語的從句；引導賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞，疑問代詞，疑問副詞等；2.引導詞：(1)定義：連接主句和從句的詞；(2)分類：連詞，疑問代詞，疑問副詞；=1\*GB3①連詞：只起連接作用，不作成分，包括that(無意思),if(是否)和whether(是否)；=2\*GB3②疑問代詞：在從句中作主語，賓語或定語等成分；有what(事情或樣子),which,who,whose等；=3\*GB3③疑問副詞：在從句中作狀語，有where,when,why,how等；疑問詞：疑問代詞和疑問副詞統(tǒng)稱為疑問詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作成分。3.賓語；(1)定義：動詞和介詞后面接的那個部分；(2)分類：動賓：動詞后面接的部分；介賓：介詞后面接的部分。4.從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句：(1)that用來引導賓語從句，無意義，不作成分，只起連接作用；多數(shù)情況下可以省略；e.g.Heassuredmethathewasabletodoit.Theypromised(us)thattheywouldrespectourprivacy.Theteachertoldusthatweshouldalwaysdoourbest.(2)在decide,desire,demand,order,suggest等表示“決定，要求，命令，建議”等意義的動詞之后，that從句中常用“should+動詞原形”，或省略should，直接動詞原形的虛擬語氣。e.g.Theteacherrecommendedthatwe(should)respectthenovel.Imovethataspecialcommittee(should)beformedforthematter.(3)that引導賓語從句的其它幾種情況：=1\*GB3①如果賓語后跟有補語，常用it作形式賓語，而將從句放到補語之后；e.g.Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.Ihearditsaidthatthemeetingwouldbepostponed.=2\*GB3②否定轉(zhuǎn)移：當主句謂語動詞為assume,believe,expect,guess,imagine,suppose,think”等表示“認為，猜想”等的動詞時，其后的賓語從句如果帶有否定意義，通常應(yīng)將否定詞前移至主句謂語上；e.g.Idon’timaginethatIhavemetyoubefore.Idon’tthink(that)shewillsucceed.=3\*GB3③（注意：此類動詞若主語為第一人稱，變反意疑問句時，應(yīng)該反問賓語從句中的謂語動詞；而其它賓語的動詞變反意疑問句時，則反問主句謂語動詞）e.g.Idon’tbelievesheknowsit,doesshe?=4\*GB3④在非正式文體中，由that引導的賓語從句中，that常省略，但是如果有兩個that從句同時作句子的賓語時，第二個that通常不能省略，以免引起異議。e.g.Iunderstand(that)youhavestudiedChinese,andthatyouhavewrittenChinesepoetry.Shedenied(that)shehadseenthemanandthatshehadbeenintouchwiththeman.=5\*GB3⑤在由doubt,doubtful引導的賓語從句中，如果主句為肯定句，賓語從句的連接詞常用whether,if；在否定疑問句中，賓語從句的連接詞要用that;e.g.Idoubtwhetherhewillbeelectedaschairman.Idon’tdoubtthathewillpasstheexamination.IamdoubtfulwhetherIshouldtellthestorytoher.5.wh-引導的賓語從句:由連詞who,which,whose,how,when,where,why,whether,if等引導的賓語從句，從句中謂語動詞不能用倒裝語序，只能使用陳述語序，并且連接詞要放在賓語從句的主語之前。e.g.Iwanderwhatheiswritingtomeabout.IwilltellyouwhyIwaslateforthemeeting.Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowdoyouit.6.介詞后面跟的賓語從句:(1)that通常不能跟在介詞后面作賓語，但是在介詞in,except,save,besides和but之后可以跟that從句，作為固定用法；inthat(因為，在……方面)，exceptthat(除了……)，butthat(要不是……),savethat(只是……),besidesthat(除了……);e.g.IlikethecityinthatIhavemanyfriendshere.Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheisoccasionallycareless.(2)that從句一般不可以直接用作介詞賓語，但可跟在帶有形式賓語it之后作介詞的實際賓語；e.g.I’mcountingonitthatyouwillcome.Youmaydependuponitthathewilljoinourclub.(3)wh-賓語從句可直接跟在介詞后面作賓語；e.g.Ibecameawareofhowhemightfeel.7.If和whether引導的賓語從句中可以互換使用,但以下情況只能用whether不能用if：(1)從句中有ornot時;(2)有些動詞（如discuss）后面只能跟whether;(3)從句充當介詞賓語時;(4)連接詞后接不定式時。e.g.Heaskedme(whether)ifmybrotherwasathome.Itisaquestionofwhetherweshouldgo.8.形容詞后面的賓語從句:e.g.Sheisconfidentthatshewillwintherace.9.賓語從句的時態(tài)：(1)若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的時態(tài)不受主句影響，該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài)；e.g.Annesaysthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.Theboysaysthatheisusinghiscomputernow.Tomsayshehasn’theardfromMarysinceMay.Theysaythattheyhaveseenherinthestreet.Hesayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.Marysayshewilldoitafterclass.(2)若主句為一般過去式，從句也要變?yōu)橄鄬?yīng)的過去時；=1\*GB3①一般現(xiàn)在時轉(zhuǎn)為一般過去時e.g.Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.=2\*GB3②現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時e.g.Theboysaidthathewasusinghiscomputer.=3\*GB3③現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時e.g.Tomsaidhehadn’theardfromMarysinceMay.=4\*GB3④一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時e.g.Theysaidthattheyhadseenherinthestreet.=5\*GB3⑤過去完成時不變e.g.Hesaidhehadalreadyfinishedhishomework.=6\*GB3⑥一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時e.g.Marysaidhewoulddoitafterclass.(3)注意：若賓語從句為客觀真理，雖然主句為一般過去時，但從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g.Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Manypeopleknewthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsintheeast.10.專題練習：(1)Iwonder_________itisbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatIhavegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.(2)UncleWangcameuptosee____________therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.(3)Theshopkeeperaskedmyfather________ornothewantedtochooseabigChristmastree.(4)Idon’tknow__________togoorstay.(5)WangHongtoldme_____shewascookingat6:00yesterdaymorning.(6)Ourphysicalteachersaidthatlight_____(travel)fasterthansound.(7)—What

did

your

son

say

in

the

letter?

—He

told

me

that

he_____

(visit)the

Disney

thenext

day.(8)Somebody

called

you

just

now,but

I

didn’t

knowwhoit_____(be).

(9)—Could

you

tell

me

___she

is

looking

for?

—Her

cousin,Susan.(10)MissGreendidn’ttellus_______shelivedin2002.(11)Idon’tknowwhenthetrain________(leave).(12)Wearesurethathe_____________(go)toschooltomorrow.(13)Ourfathersaidthathe________(will)buyanewcomputer.(14)Iheardthathe________(swim)intheseayesterday.(15)Iaskedifhe_______(can)hiketothetopofthemountain.(16)I’mnotsurewhetherthere_____(be)someanimalsinthezoo.11.答案：(1)if/whether;(2)if/whether;(3)whether;(4)whether;(5)that;(6)travels;(7)wouldvisit;(8)was;(9)who;(10)where;(11)leaves;(12)willgo;(13)would;(14)swam;(15)could;(16)are四．同位語從句1.定義：用作同位語的從句；2.that引導的同位語從句：同位語從句常放在fact(事實),idea(想法，注意),hope(希望),conclusion(結(jié)論，總結(jié)),evidence(證據(jù)),opinion(觀點，看法),problem(問題),understanding(理解)等名詞后面作同位語；that只起連接作用，不作成分，稱作連詞，不可省略；e.g.Hehadtofacethefactthathewaslaidoffhisjob.Thenewsthattheteamwonthegameisexciting.3.wh-疑問句引導的同位語從句:疑問代詞who,which,what和疑問副詞where,when,why,how也可引導同位語從句；在同位語從句中作成分，不可省略；e.g.Ihavenoideahowsoonhowtheyarecoming.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.4.whether引導的同位語從句:引導同位語從句，通常用whether，不用if，意為“是否”，起連接作用，稱作連詞，不可省略。e.g.Theyarefacedwiththeproblemwhethertheyshouldcontinuethework.ThequestionwhetherthePrimeMinistershouldresignmustbedecidedsoon.5.同位語從句中的虛擬語氣：名詞suggestion,order,demand,command,request,desire,proposal等后的同位語從句要使用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“should＋do”，should可省略。e.g.We'dbetteraccepthissuggestionthatwe(should)startrightnow.6.名詞doubt(懷疑)后可跟同位語從句，若用于肯定句中時用whether引導；若用于否定句中時則用that引導。e.g.Thereissomedoubtwhethertheywillcometohelpus.Ihavenodoubtthathewillwinthegame.7.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1)that既可引導同位語從句也可引導定語從句。在同位語從句中that為連接詞，僅起連接詞的作用；在定語從句中that為關(guān)系代詞，既起連接作用，還在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語等。e.g.Thenewsthatwewonthematchistrue.Thenewsthatyoutolduslastnightmadeusveryhappy.(2)wh-類引導詞引導同位語從句有其本身的疑問含義；引導定語從句沒有疑問意思，而且定語從句中不會出現(xiàn)what,how，if,whether。e.g.HaveyougotanyideawhereourEnglisheveningistobeheld?ThisistheplacewhereourEnglisheveningistobeheld.Wehavenoideawhentheywillturnup.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedinthecountryside.8.填空：(1)Pleasesendusalltheinformation______youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.(2)—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea______hedidit;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.(3)Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief______youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesports