名詞性從句第1頁(yè)一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句連接詞

在句子中起名詞作用句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses）。名詞從句功效相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，所以依據(jù)它在句中不一樣語(yǔ)法功效，名詞從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句連接詞可分為三類(lèi)：

連接詞：that,whether,if(不充當(dāng)從句任何成份）連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why不可省略連詞：1.介詞后連詞2.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句連詞不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.第2頁(yè)whether與if均為“是否”意思。但在以下情況下，whether不能被if所取代：1.whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句（包含從句在句首位置）應(yīng)該用whether，不用if，如：Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.2.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句用whether，不用if，如：

Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.whether能夠引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)，而if則不能，如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.

4.whether能夠直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式連用，而if則不能，如：Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.5.引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句用whether，不用if，如：

Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisessential.★大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句都可置于句末，用it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)。例：Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.第3頁(yè)二、名詞性that-從句1）由隸屬連詞that引導(dǎo)從句叫做名詞性that-從句。that只起連接主句和從句作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成份，本身也沒(méi)有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和形容詞賓語(yǔ)，比如：主語(yǔ)：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.賓語(yǔ)：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.表語(yǔ)：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.同位語(yǔ)：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.形容詞賓語(yǔ)：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.2）that-從句作主語(yǔ)通慣用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，比如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.第4頁(yè)名詞性從句注意點(diǎn)—that-從句中that不可省略情況：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句連詞that不可省略。如：Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.輕易引發(fā)歧義句子中，that-不可省略。如：Theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.Hesaid(that)hecouldn’ttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldn’tunderstand.（第一個(gè)可省，第二個(gè)不可省略）Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,thatweshouldgivehimsupport.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)，則that不可省略。）第5頁(yè)a.It+be+形容詞+that-從句

Itisnecessarythat… 有必要……

Itisimportantthat… 主要是……

Itisobviousthat… 很顯著……b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句

Itisbelievedthat… 人們相信……

Itisknowntoallthat… 從所周知……

Ithasbeendecidedthat… 已決定……c.It+be+名詞+that-從句

Itiscommonknowledgethat… ……是常識(shí)

Itisasurprisethat… 令人驚奇是……

Itisafactthat… 事實(shí)是……d.It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that-分句

Itappearsthat… 似乎……

Ithappensthat… 恰巧……

Itoccurredtomethat… 我突然想起……

用it作形式主語(yǔ)that-從句有以下四種不一樣搭配關(guān)系：第6頁(yè)三、名詞性wh-從句1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。wh-詞包含who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等連接代詞和where,when,how,why等連接副詞。wh-從句語(yǔ)法功效除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等，比如：主語(yǔ)：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.直接賓語(yǔ)：Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.間接賓語(yǔ)：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.表語(yǔ)：Myquestioniswhowilltakeoverthepresident.

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.同位語(yǔ)：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.形容詞賓語(yǔ)：I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.

介詞賓語(yǔ)：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.2）wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也慣用先行詞it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將wh-從句置于句末，比如：

Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.第7頁(yè)四、if,whether引導(dǎo)名詞從句1）yes-no型疑問(wèn)從句隸屬連詞if,whether引導(dǎo)名詞從句是由普通疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)，所以也分別被稱(chēng)為yes-no型疑問(wèn)句從句和選擇型疑問(wèn)從句，其功效和wh-從句功效相同，比如：主語(yǔ)：Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.賓語(yǔ)：Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.表語(yǔ)：Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.同位語(yǔ)：Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.形容詞賓語(yǔ)：

She'sdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome.介詞賓語(yǔ)：

Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpasstheexams.2）選擇性疑問(wèn)從句選擇性疑問(wèn)從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whethe…ornot組成,如：Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.Idon'tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.第8頁(yè)五、否定轉(zhuǎn)移1)將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用必定式。

Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。

Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回來(lái)。注意：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。

Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你沒(méi)有生病吧。2)將seem,appear等后從句否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。

Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.

Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.3)有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)從句否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞否定。Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我記得從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這么一個(gè)人。(not否定動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)having…)4)有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句中否定能夠轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.(否定狀語(yǔ))第9頁(yè)1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.that B.which C.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.what C.thatD.how3.It______Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthat B.thinksthatC.isthoughtthat D.isthoughtthat4.It______heislateforclass.A.maythat B.mightthatC.maybethat D.mightbewhat5.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.which C.thatD.what6.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.what C.whichD.when第10頁(yè)7.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whether C.whichD.what8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.why C.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.that C.whichD.where10.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuild C.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe______regularhouse.A.keepB.