2024新高考適應(yīng)性考試(九省聯(lián)考)英語(yǔ)試題答案英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的考生號(hào)、姓名、考點(diǎn)學(xué)校、考場(chǎng)號(hào)及座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需要改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.?19.15.B.?9.18.C.?9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillChrisdonext?A.Drinksomecoffee.B.WatchtheWorldCup.C.Gotosleep.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Classmates.C.Relatives.3.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetotheman’ssuggestion?A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Negative.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?A.He’ssmartforhisage.B.He’sunwillingtostudy.C.He’sdifficulttogetalongwith.5.WhatdidKevindoyesterday?A.Hewentswimming.B.Hecleaneduphishouse.C.Hetalkedwithhisgrandparents.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whoisarrangingthemeeting?A.Peter.B.David.C.Janet.7.Whendoesthemanprefertohavethemeeting?A.ThisWednesday.B.ThisFriday.C.NextMonday.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Travelexperiences.B.Vacationplans.C.Favoriteseasons.9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Gotothebeach.B.Findasummerjob.C.MovetoWashington.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.WhatdoesthenewssayaboutbigonlinespendersintheUS?A.Thenumberofthemgrowsslowly.B.Therearemorementhanwomen.C.Theymakeuphalfofallshoppers.11.HowmuchdidAmericansspendshoppingonlinelastyear?A.3billion.B.0billion.C.class="main">12.WhatdidGeorgebuyonlinelastSunday?A.Anadventurenovel.B.Asoftwarepackage.C.AnotebyMarkTwain.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhathasRichardbeendoing?A.Visitingamuseum.B.WatchingTV.C.Studying.14.WhydoesSusancallRichard?A.Toaskforhelp.B.Togivethanks.C.Tomakeanappointment.15.WhatdoesSusanwanttodo?A.Seeanexhibition.B.Buyanewcellphone.C.Takepicturesofthesnow.16.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?A.Gotoapark.B.Playfootball.C.Attendaparty.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Wheredidthespeakerlearnaboutcollege?A.Fromthemovies.B.Fromherfamily.C.Fromthebooks.18.Whathelpedchangethespeaker’sattitudetowardsstudy?A.Herprofessor’sadvice.B.Hergraduateprogram.C.HertriptoAfrica.19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelwhenshetalksaboutherpastexperiences?A.Regretful.B.Relieved.C.Grateful.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Conservationworkers.B.Highschoolstudents.C.Collegeteachers.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AYellowstonePosterExhibitiontoBeonViewatUW’sCoeLibraryAfirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibrarybeginningTuesday,February1.“WonderlandIllustrated”willpresentpostersandposter-styleillustrationsoftheparkspanningfromthe1870sthrough2022.TheexhibitionwillbelocatedonLevel3ofCoeLibrary.ItwillbeonviewthroughTuesday,May31.Theexhibitiontakesplaceatthesametimeasthisyear’s150thanniversaryofthecreationofYellowstoneNationalPark.Thepostersintheexhibitionservethepurposeofbothadvertisingandart.“We’rethrilledtobeworkingwithYellowstonecollectorsJackandSusanDavís,andLarryandTheaLancastertobringthisexhibitiontotheUniversityofWyomingaspartofyear-longcelebrationsrecognizingYellowstone’s150thanniversary,”saysTamsenHert,headofUWLibraries’EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.“Thisexhibitioninvolvesthehistoryofprinting,art,photographyandadvertisingover16decades.Theimagesreproducedarefoundontravelbrochures,postcardsandmaps—manyofwhichareheldinourcollections.”O(jiān)neposterfromtheexhibition—HenryWellge’s“YellowstoneNationalPark”from1904—wasrecentlypurchasedwithdonatedfundsandisnowpartofUWLibraries’EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.Wellge,aproductivebird’s-eye-viewartist,designedthepiecefortheNorthernPacificRailroad,whichusedittoadvertisethepark.Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.1.Howlongwilltheexhibition“WonderlandIllustrated”last?A.Twoweeks.B.Threemonths.C.Fourmonths.D.Oneyear.2.Whatisapurposeoftheexhibition?A.Torememberafamousartist.B.ToraisefundforCoeLibrary.C.Tomarktheanniversaryofanationalpark.D.TotellthehistoryoftheUniversityofWyoming.3.Whatdoweknowaboutthe1904posterHenryWellgedesigned?A.Itisrareintheworld.B.Itisinblackandwhite.C.Itisprintedoncloth.D.Itisownedbyaprofessor.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了黃石海報(bào)展覽的時(shí)間安排以及特色等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Afirst-of-its-kindexhibitionthatfocusesonthehistoryofYellowstoneNationalParkposterswillbeondisplayattheUniversityofWyoming’sCoeLibrarybeginningTuesday,February1.(從2月1日星期二開始，懷俄明大學(xué)科圖書館將舉辦一場(chǎng)首次以黃石國(guó)家公園歷史海報(bào)為主題的展覽)”以及第二段“ItwillbeonviewthroughTuesday,May31.(展覽將持續(xù)到5月31日星期二)”可知，“仙境畫報(bào)”展覽將持續(xù)四個(gè)月。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“We’rethrilledtobeworkingwithYellowstonecollectorsJackandSusanDavís,andLarryandTheaLancastertobringthisexhibitiontotheUniversityofWyomingaspartofyear-longcelebrationsrecognizingYellowstone’s150thanniversary(我們很高興能與黃石收藏者杰克和蘇珊·戴維斯以及拉里和西婭·蘭開斯特合作，將這次展覽帶到懷俄明大學(xué)，作為紀(jì)念黃石公園150周年的為期一年的慶?；顒?dòng)的一部分)”可知，展覽的目的是紀(jì)念一個(gè)國(guó)家公園的周年紀(jì)念。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisisauniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.(這是一件獨(dú)特的作品，因?yàn)橄襁@樣的海報(bào)是印在軟紙上的，很少有幸存下來(lái))”可知，1904年亨利·韋爾奇設(shè)計(jì)的海報(bào)在世界上很罕見。故選A。BParrotsarepreyanimals,whichmeansthatotherpredators(捕食者)inthewild,suchashawksorsnakes,arelookingtomakethemintoameal.Thisonefactorinfluencesparrots’behaviorinyourhousemorethananyother.Parrotsaremosteasilyhurtwhenfeedingontheground.Membershipinagroupplaysanimportantfunctioninensuringtheirsafetyandimprovingtheirchancesofsurvivalfromattacksbypredators.Themostcommonpredatorsofparrotsincludehawks,snakes,cats,monkeys,andbats.Somepredatorsmakeattacksonlyduringthedaywhileothershuntinthenight.Aspreyanimals,parrotsareconstantlywatchingoutfordangerandtheyinstinctively(本能地)reacttorisks.Theirfirstchoiceistotakeflight.However,ifthisisnotpossible,theywillfightwiththeirpowerfulbeakstodefendthemselves.Becausetheirbiggestenemyisthehawk,parrotsareespeciallyreactivetoquickmovementsfromaboveandbehind.Forthisreason,itiswisetoavoidquick,suddenmovementsnearyourbird.Thisisabuilt-inreactionnotsubjecttologicorreason.Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸塵器軟管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.Aspreyanimals,parrotsareoftenfrightenedbyexposuretonewhouseholditemsorstrangers.Itisimportanttoexposeyourbirdtosafeexperiencesandchangesstartingataveryyoungagetobuildflexibilityandimprovetheiradaptability.Varietyindietandtoys,travel,andexposuretonewpeopleandplacesallhelptomakeyourbirdmoreflexibleandadaptabletochange.4.Whatisimportantforparrotstobettersurvivefromattacksinthewild?A.Livinginagroup.B.Growingbeautifulfeathers.C.Feedingontheground.D.Avoidingcomingoutatnight.5.Whatisparrots’firstresponsetoanimmediaterisk?A.Toattackback.B.Togetaway.C.Toprotecttheyoung.D.Toplaydead.6.Whywouldaballoonfrightenaparrot?A.Itmayexplodesuddenly.B.Itmaybeinastrangeshape.C.Itmayhaveastrongcolor.D.Itmaymovearoundquickly.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toexplainwildparrots’behavior.B.Togiveadviceonraisingaparrot.C.Tocallforactiontoprotectanimals.D.Tointroduceastudyonbirdecology.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了鸚鵡作為被捕食動(dòng)物的行為特性和生存策略?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Membershipinagroupplaysanimportantfunctioninensuringtheirsafetyandimprovingtheirchancesofsurvivalfromattacksbypredators.(群體中的成員在確保其安全和提高其從捕食者襲擊中幸存下來(lái)的機(jī)會(huì)方面起著重要作用。)”可知，鸚鵡要想更好地在野外躲避攻擊，重要的是要進(jìn)行集體生活，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Aspreyanimals,parrotsareconstantlywatchingoutfordangerandtheyinstinctively(本能地)reacttorisks.Theirfirstchoiceistotakeflight.(作為獵物，鸚鵡會(huì)時(shí)刻警惕危險(xiǎn)，并本能地對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做出反應(yīng)。他們的第一反應(yīng)是飛走)”可知，鸚鵡對(duì)直接風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的第一反應(yīng)是逃跑，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸塵器軟管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.(簡(jiǎn)單且相對(duì)無(wú)害的家居用品會(huì)引起鳥類的極度恐懼反應(yīng)。例如，在你的鳥心目中，氣球可能代表鷹，或者真空軟管可能與蛇相同)”可知，氣球能夠嚇到鸚鵡是因?yàn)闅馇蚩赡苄螤钇婀?，使鸚鵡聯(lián)想到鷹，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Parrotsarepreyanimals,whichmeansthatotherpredators(捕食者)inthewild,suchashawksorsnakes,arelookingtomakethemintoameal.Thisonefactorinfluencesparrots’behaviorinyourhousemorethananyother.(鸚鵡是獵物，這意味著野生的其他捕食者，如鷹或蛇，正在尋找將它們作為食物。這一個(gè)因素比任何其他因素都更能影響鸚鵡在家里的行為)”、倒數(shù)第二段“Simpleandrelativelyharmlesshouseholdobjectscandrawextremefearresponsesfromabird.Forexample,aballoonmayrepresentahawkoravacuumhose(吸塵器軟管)maybethesameasasnakeinyourbird’smind.(簡(jiǎn)單且相對(duì)無(wú)害的家居用品會(huì)引起鳥類的極度恐懼反應(yīng)。例如，在你的鳥心目中，氣球可能代表鷹，或者真空軟管可能與蛇相同)”以及最后一段“Aspreyanimals,parrotsareoftenfrightenedbyexposuretonewhouseholditemsorstrangers.Itisimportanttoexposeyourbirdtosafeexperiencesandchangesstartingataveryyoungagetobuildflexibilityandimprovetheiradaptability.Varietyindietandtoys,travel,andexposuretonewpeopleandplacesallhelptomakeyourbirdmoreflexibleandadaptabletochange.(作為獵物，鸚鵡經(jīng)常被新的家庭用品或陌生人嚇到。從很小的時(shí)候就開始讓你的鳥接觸安全的體驗(yàn)和變化，以建立靈活性并提高它們的適應(yīng)性，這一點(diǎn)很重要。飲食和玩具的多樣性、旅行以及接觸新的人和地方都有助于讓你的鳥更靈活，更適應(yīng)變化)”可知，本文的寫作目的是對(duì)飼養(yǎng)鸚鵡提建議，故選B項(xiàng)。CInhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Ihavecometotheconclusionthatthereisonlyonewaytogetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit.”Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbal(言語(yǔ)的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.Pairsofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinnercomesoutfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingexplainswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments.However,therearewaystowinanargumenteverytime.Whenyoustateyourposition,formulate(闡述)anargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirviewandspellouttheirargumentfully.Assessitsstrengthandweakness.Raiseobjections(異議)andlistencarefullytotheirreplies.Thismethodwillrequireeffort,butpracticewillmakeyoubetteratit.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningaboutwhatdividespeople,learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardCarnegie’sunderstandingofargument?A.Critical.B.Supportive.C.Tolerant.D.Uncertain.9.Whydomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments?A.Theylackdebatingskills.B.Theymayfeelbadeveniftheywin.C.Theyfearbeingignored.D.Theyarenotconfidentinthemselves.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spellout”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Defend.B.Explain.C.Conclude.D.Repeat.11.Whatisthekeyto“winning”anargumentaccordingtotheauthor?A.Senseoflogic.B.Solidsupportingevidence.C.Propermanners.D.Understandingfrombothsides.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，作者闡述了爭(zhēng)論的意義和贏得爭(zhēng)論的方法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.(這種對(duì)爭(zhēng)論的厭惡是很普遍的，但它取決于對(duì)爭(zhēng)論的錯(cuò)誤看法，這種觀點(diǎn)會(huì)給我們的個(gè)人和社會(huì)生活帶來(lái)問(wèn)題——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了爭(zhēng)論的意義)”可知，作者對(duì)于Carnegie對(duì)爭(zhēng)論的看法持批判態(tài)度，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Likephysicalfights,verbal(言語(yǔ)的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.(和身體上的打斗一樣，言語(yǔ)上的打斗也會(huì)讓雙方流血。即使你贏了，你最終也不會(huì)變得更好。如果爭(zhēng)論只是一場(chǎng)比賽，比如網(wǎng)球比賽，你也會(huì)感覺很糟糕)”可知，很多人盡量避免爭(zhēng)論，是因?yàn)榧词冠A了他們也感覺很糟糕，故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)所在句“askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview”可知，讓他們?yōu)樽约旱挠^點(diǎn)提供依據(jù)，即讓他們充分闡明他們的觀點(diǎn)，spellout意為“解釋明白，講清楚”，故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.(如果我們重新調(diào)整我們對(duì)爭(zhēng)論的看法——從一場(chǎng)口水戰(zhàn)或網(wǎng)球比賽轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N理性的交流，通過(guò)這種交流，我們都能獲得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我們就改變了‘贏得’爭(zhēng)論的本質(zhì))”可知，作者認(rèn)為“贏得”爭(zhēng)論的關(guān)鍵是通過(guò)交流獲得彼此的尊重和理解，故選D。DForlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼兒期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament(性格).Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What’smakinghimsosad?”),thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”).Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy(同理心)towardafriend,praisehim(“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”).Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It’salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild’spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey’resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey’rerefreshed.12.Whatdoesitindicatewhentoddlerscopytheirplaymates’behavior?A.Theyareinterestedinacting.B.Theyareshywiththestrangers.C.Theyarefondoftheirplaymates.D.Theyaretiredofplayinggames.13.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdofortheirkids?A.Designgamesforthem.B.Findthemsuitableplaymates.C.Playtogetherwiththem.D.Helpthemunderstandsocialrules.14.Whatisthefunctionofthequotedstatementsinparagraph4?A.Givingexamples.B.Explainingconcepts.C.Providingevidence.D.Makingcomparisons.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowChildrenAdapttoChangesB.HowtoBeaRoleModelforChildrenC.HowYourBabyLearnstoLoveD.HowtoCommunicatewithYourKid【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幼兒時(shí)期友誼對(duì)兒童社交能力發(fā)展的重要性，并探討了幼兒表達(dá)友誼的方式和可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，文章還提供了一些建議和方法，幫助家長(zhǎng)在幼兒社交互動(dòng)中發(fā)揮積極作用，培養(yǎng)他們的同情心和表達(dá)能力，學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)展友誼?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.(此外，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子表現(xiàn)出他們喜歡其他孩子的方式與成年人認(rèn)為的友誼表達(dá)方式明顯不同。哥倫布俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子在玩耍時(shí)說(shuō)“我喜歡你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行為)”可知，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子模仿朋友的行為說(shuō)明他們喜歡玩伴，故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem(通過(guò)游戲體驗(yàn)，幼兒學(xué)習(xí)社交規(guī)則。這就是在你蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子的社交活動(dòng)中，通過(guò)設(shè)定限制和經(jīng)常提醒它們是什么，來(lái)發(fā)揮積極作用是如此重要的原因，當(dāng)您制定這些指導(dǎo)方針時(shí)，請(qǐng)解釋其背后的原因)”可知，作者建議家長(zhǎng)在孩子的社交生活中設(shè)定限制，并且經(jīng)常提醒孩子們這些限制，也就是社交規(guī)則，幫助孩子理解社交規(guī)則，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What’smakinghimsosad?”)(首先幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)同情((本在哭。是什么讓他這么傷心?”))”以及“thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”)(然后建議他如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題(“如果你讓他打球，也許他會(huì)感覺好些?！?)”可知，這些引用是通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明這兩個(gè)建議：幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)同情并解決問(wèn)題，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼兒期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation(對(duì)很多孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，蹣跚學(xué)步是建立友誼的重要時(shí)刻。研究表明，孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)會(huì)建立積極的關(guān)系，他們?cè)谇嗌倌旰统赡耆藭r(shí)期就越善于與他人建立聯(lián)系。一起玩耍也有助于這些孩子練習(xí)社交行為，如友善、分享和合作)”、第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare(通過(guò)游戲體驗(yàn)，幼兒學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)規(guī)則。這就是在你蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子的社交活動(dòng)中，通過(guò)設(shè)定限制和經(jīng)常提醒它們是什么，來(lái)發(fā)揮積極作用是如此重要的原因)”以及最后一段“Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.(另一種鼓勵(lì)健康社交的方法是鼓勵(lì)孩子用語(yǔ)言而不是拳頭來(lái)表達(dá)他們的感受。)”可知，本文主要講的是家長(zhǎng)如何幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)愛，學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)展友誼，故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。CommonMistakesNewRunnersMakeRunningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨礙)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.___16___,keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.·DoingtoomuchtoosoonOneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine___17___.·___18___Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.·Notwearingtherightequipment___19___,it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.Themostimportantpieceofequipmentforrunningisagoodpairofrunningshoes,sobesuretodosomeresearchbeforeyoupurchaseapair.Visitarunningspecialtystoreandaskanemployeetofityouforashoe.?Runningthroughpain___20___Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain.Remember:Itdoesn’tmakeyoulessofarunnerifyoulistentoyourbodytokeepithealthy.A.NottakingrestdaysB.Ifyou’rejuststartingoutC.ComparingyourselftoothersD.RunningcanbeuncomfortableattimesE.It’simportantnottousethesamemusclesF.Whileitmaybetruethatyoudon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttotakeuprunningG.Expertssuggestincreasingyourrunningdistancebynomorethan10%eachweek【答案】16.B17.G18.A19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了新手跑步者常犯的錯(cuò)誤?！?6題詳解】上文“Runningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.However,manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(妨礙)withtrainingorleadtoinjury.(跑步是保持體形的好方法，幾乎每個(gè)人都可以做到。然而，許多人會(huì)犯一些常見的錯(cuò)誤，這些錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)干擾訓(xùn)練或?qū)е率軅?”指出跑步時(shí)有些人會(huì)犯一些常見的錯(cuò)誤，這些錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)干擾訓(xùn)練或?qū)е率軅?，由本段?biāo)題“CommonMistakesNewRunnersMake(新跑步者常犯的錯(cuò)誤)”可知，本文主要指出新跑步者會(huì)犯的錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)下文“keepthesethingsinmindtohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.(記住這些事情可以幫助您增加跑步成功的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，空處是狀語(yǔ)從句，B項(xiàng)“如果你剛剛開始”符合，是下文的條件，同時(shí)也符合主題，即如果你是新跑步者，本文的建議會(huì)幫助你增加成功跑步的機(jī)會(huì)，故選B?！?7題詳解】上文“Oneofthebiggestmistakesnewrunnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Slowlyeasingintoatrainingprogramwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinueonwithyournewrunningroutine(新跑步者犯的最大錯(cuò)誤之一就是跑得太多太快。慢慢地進(jìn)入訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃將有助于降低受傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這樣您就可以繼續(xù)新的跑步習(xí)慣)”指出剛開始跑步的人會(huì)跑得太快，所以要慢慢進(jìn)入訓(xùn)練，不要跑太多太快，G項(xiàng)“專家建議每周增加跑步距離不超過(guò)10%”符合，指出不要跑太多，故選G?！?8題詳解】此處是本段小標(biāo)題，即新手跑步者常犯的錯(cuò)誤之一，根據(jù)下文“Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtoruneveryday(ornearlyeveryday)tomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth.Runningisahigh-impactactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbody.Soit’simportanttogiveyourbodyarestbetweenworkouts.(初學(xué)者可能認(rèn)為他們需要每天(或幾乎每天)跑步才能達(dá)到健身或減肥目標(biāo)，但這與事實(shí)相差甚遠(yuǎn)。跑步是一項(xiàng)高影響力的活動(dòng)，對(duì)您的身體來(lái)說(shuō)確實(shí)很困難。因此，在鍛煉之間讓身體休息很重要。)”可知，新手跑步者不休息，A項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有休息日”符合，故選A。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Notwearingtherightequipment(沒(méi)有佩戴合適的裝備)”可知，本段主要介紹了新手跑步者常犯的錯(cuò)誤之一是沒(méi)有佩戴合適的裝備，下文“it’simportantthatyouwearproperlyforyourworkouts.(鍛煉時(shí)正確穿著很重要)”強(qiáng)調(diào)跑步時(shí)正確穿著很重要，空處也應(yīng)與“佩戴合適的裝備”有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“雖然你可能確實(shí)不需要昂貴的設(shè)備來(lái)開始跑步”符合，其中“equipment”呼應(yīng)標(biāo)題中的“therightequipment”，雖然你可能確實(shí)不需要昂貴的設(shè)備來(lái)開始跑步，但是鍛煉時(shí)正確穿著很重要，故選F?！?0題詳解】下文“Ifsomethinghurtswhenyourun,youneedtostopandtreatthepain(如果跑步時(shí)感到疼痛，則需要停下來(lái)治療疼痛)”指出跑步時(shí)如果感到疼痛，應(yīng)該停下來(lái)，這說(shuō)明有時(shí)候跑步會(huì)讓人感到疼痛，D項(xiàng)“跑步有時(shí)會(huì)感到不舒服”符合，引起下文，下文介紹了感到疼痛時(shí)該如何做，故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。IwashalfwayacrossIndianaheadedhometoKentuckywhenmycarbrokedown.Myphonewas___21___,too.Imanagedtogettoagasstation,butitwasSundayintheearlyfall,andtherewasno___22___onduty.Iwasworkingmywaythroughuniversitythenandhadlittlemoneyfor___23___thecar.Isatalongsidemycarforseveralhourstryingto___24___theheatwhenanoldergentleman___25___tofuelhiscar.Heaskedaboutmycar,andI___26___mypredicament(困境).Tomy___27___,thegentlemantoldmethathehadadaughtermyage,andthenheopenedhistrunkand___28___atoolset.Rightthenandthere,thistotal___29___examinedmyengine,explainingasheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolongthattheywere___30___tofunction.Afteraboutanhour,he___31___thatmycarwassafetofinishthetrip.___32___cameatthehandsofastranger.___33___hisclothes,workingonahotSeptemberafternoon,thisman___34___acollegestudentfromdisaster,justbecauseshecouldhavebeenhis___35___.21.A.busyB.loudC.deadD.secure22.A.mechanicB.policemanC.managerD.guide23.A.washingB.parkingC.purchasingD.maintaining.24.A.feelB.beatC.absorbD.produce25.A.promisedB.refusedC.stoppedD.volunteered26.A.solvedB.noticedC.escaped.D.explained27.A.surpriseB.regretC.amusement.D.disappointment28.A.calledupB.pulledoutC.putdownD.threwaway29.A.liarB.beginnerC.strangerD.loser30.A.freeB.readyC.uncertainD.unable31.A.pronouncedB.agreedC.discoveredD.doubted32.A.TirednessB.KindnessC.LonelinessD.Carefulness33.A.FoldingB.DryingC.Soiling.D.Mending34.A.savedB.calledC.judgedD.banned35.A.friendB.daughterC.coworkerD.customer【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.D27.A28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的車在半路壞了，正巧趕上周日，在加油站并沒(méi)有找到修車的人。這時(shí)恰巧有一位年長(zhǎng)的紳士來(lái)加油。了解到作者遇到的困難后，他主動(dòng)幫助作者修了車。作者對(duì)此非常的感謝?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的手機(jī)也沒(méi)電了。A.busy忙的;B.loud大聲的;C.dead(因無(wú)電力)不工作的;D.secure可靠的。根據(jù)上文“IwashalfwayacrossIndianaheadedhometoKentuckywhenmycarbrokedown.”以及句中的too可知，作者的車壞了，手機(jī)也因?yàn)闆](méi)電而關(guān)機(jī)了。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我設(shè)法去了一個(gè)加油站，但那是初秋的周日，沒(méi)有機(jī)修工值班。A.mechanic機(jī)修工;B.policeman警察;C.manager經(jīng)理;D.guide指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“butitwasSundayintheearlyfall”可知，作者的車壞了，所以她應(yīng)該去找修車的。但是因?yàn)槭侵苋?，所以加油站的機(jī)修工都沒(méi)上班。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)我正努力讀完大學(xué)，幾乎沒(méi)有錢保養(yǎng)這輛車。A.washing清洗;B.parking停車;C.purchasing購(gòu)買;D.maintaining保養(yǎng)。根據(jù)空前“Iwasworkingmywaythroughuniversitythenandhadlittlemoney”可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)正在在讀大學(xué)，沒(méi)有什么錢，所以幾乎是不保養(yǎng)車的。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我在車旁坐了幾個(gè)小時(shí)試圖避暑，這時(shí)一位年長(zhǎng)的紳士停下來(lái)給他的車加油。A.feel感覺;B.beat擊敗;C.absorb吸收;D.produce生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)下文“workingonahotSeptemberafternoon”可知，事情發(fā)生在一個(gè)炎熱的夏天，作者坐在車邊試圖保持涼爽。beattheheat“消暑，在炎熱的天氣中保持涼爽”。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我在車旁坐了幾個(gè)小時(shí)試圖避暑，這時(shí)一位年長(zhǎng)的紳士停下來(lái)給他的車加油。A.promised答應(yīng)了;B.refused拒絕;C.stopped停止;D.volunteered自愿的。根據(jù)上文“Imanagedtogettoagasstation”可知，作者是在加油站，所以有一輛車停下來(lái)加油。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他問(wèn)起我的車，我解釋了我的困境。A.solved解決;B.noticed注意到;C.escaped逃脫。D.explained解釋。根據(jù)上文“Heaskedaboutmycar”可知，這位紳士詢問(wèn)作者的車出了什么問(wèn)題，然后作者向他解釋了他的困境。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，這位先生告訴我，他有一個(gè)和我同齡的女兒，然后他打開行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A.surprise驚喜;B.regret遺憾;C.amusement可笑;D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)下文“thegentlemantoldmethathehadadaughtermyage,andthenheopenedhistrunkand___8___atoolset”可知，這位年長(zhǎng)的紳士聽到作者的困難后，告訴作者他也有一個(gè)女兒，而且從車?yán)锬贸鲆惶坠ぞ?。這讓作為陌生人的作者感到非常的驚訝。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，這位先生告訴我，他有一個(gè)和我同齡的女兒，然后他打開行李箱，拿出了一套工具。A.calledup打電話給;B.pulledout取出;C.putdown放下;D.threwaway扔掉了。根據(jù)空后“atoolset”以及下文“Rightthenandthere,thistotal___9___examinedmyengine,explainingasheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolongthattheywere___10___tofunction.”可知，這位紳士從他的車?yán)锬贸鲆惶坠ぞ?，幫作者修起了車。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時(shí)，這個(gè)完全陌生的人檢查了我的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，一邊工作一邊解釋說(shuō)，我的火花塞已經(jīng)很久沒(méi)有更換了，以至于無(wú)法工作。A.liar騙子;B.beginner初學(xué)者;C.stranger陌生人;D.loser失敗者。根據(jù)上文“Isatalongsidemycarforseveralhourstryingto___4___theheatwhenanoldergentleman___5___tofuelhiscar”以及全文語(yǔ)境可知，這個(gè)紳士對(duì)于作者來(lái)說(shuō)完全是個(gè)陌生人。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時(shí)，這個(gè)完全陌生的人檢查了我的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，一邊工作一邊解釋說(shuō)，我的火花塞已經(jīng)很久沒(méi)有更換了，以至于無(wú)法工作。A.free免費(fèi)的;B.ready準(zhǔn)備好的;C.uncertain不確定;D.unable不能的。根據(jù)上文“asheworkedthatmysparkplugs(火花塞)hadn’tbeenchangedforsolong”可知，由于車輛的火花塞已經(jīng)很久沒(méi)有更換了，所以導(dǎo)致它不能正常工作。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：大約一個(gè)小時(shí)后，他宣布我的車可以安全