第第頁押浙江卷第42-45題閱讀理解（說明文）閱讀理解是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點項目，是考試的一個重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗學(xué)生對有關(guān)信息的加工能力。閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。因此，閱讀理解要多下功夫。多分析題型，多了解考點，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。在閱讀理解方面考綱對考生有六大要求，即理解主旨要義、理解文中具體信息、根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義、作出簡單判斷和推理、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、理解作者的意圖觀點態(tài)度。這六個能力要求對應(yīng)我們常見的六種題型：主旨大意題、細節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測題、推理判斷題、文章結(jié)構(gòu)題和作者觀點態(tài)度題。（2023·浙江杭州·中考真題）Weallenjoybeingpartofagroup—there’snobetterworkthanteamwork,right?Actually,Idisagree.Teamworkcanbehard.Infact,itwassodifficultthatIleftmyofficejobandstartedworkingfromhomeonmyown.It’samuchbetterfitforme,andithasmademethinkaboutwhyteamworkcanmakeourjobsharderratherthaneasier.Personalities(個性)canmaketeamworkdifficult.There’softensomeoneontheteamthatputstheirneedsfirst.Theteamoftengoesalongwiththisperson,whoseideasmightnotbethebest,justtheloudest.Justonedifficultpersonalitycanmaketeamworkhard.Combine(結(jié)合)severalchallengingpersonalitytypes,andit’sevenharder.Nothavingenoughtimetogethercanalsomaketeamworkchallenging.Forexample,Iwasonceonateamwhereweneverhadenoughtimetomeetasagroup.Tosuccessfullyworkasateam,youneedtimetogether—andlotsofit.Afinalreasonteamworkisdifficultisbecausethere’softennotrainingonhowtoworkonateam.Youcan’tjustputpeopleinaroomandexpectthemtoworkwellwitheachother.Youneedtobuildtrustwithyourteammembers.Thinkoffootballplayers:Theyaren’tjustgivenaballandtoldtoplay.Theypractice,andtheytrain.Teamcanbehard,butworkingalonehasitschallenges,too.Whenmycomputerdoesn’twork,Idon’thaveanITpersontoturnto.WhenIhaveagreatidea,Idon’thaveanyonetoshareitwithtoseeifitreallyisagreatidea.Don’tgetmewrong—Istilllikemyteamofoneandenjoymakingalloftheimportantdecisionsmyself.ButnowIrealizewhatwaswrongwiththeteamworkIdidinthepastandhowgoodteamworkcouldbeifdonecorrectly.Andthat’susefulinformation—becauseonedayImightwanttoturnmyMETEAMintoaWETEAM.1．Whydidthewriterchoosetoworkfromhomeonhisown?A．Tokeephimselfbusier. B．Tokeephimselfhealthier.C．Tomakehisjobeasier. D．Tomakehisteamharder.2．Whichofthefollowingmakesteamworkdifficult?A．Strongpersonality. B．Lotsofteamworktime. C．Challengingideas. D．Clearteamroles.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．WETEAMhashardlyanyadvantages. B．METEAMneedsalotofITengineers.C．METEAMhasnochallengesforthewriter. D．WETEAMmaybethewriter’schoiceoneday.4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toshowtheadvantagesofteamwork. B．Totelltheimportanceofteamwork.C．Tointroducetheinfluenceofteamwork. D．Toexplainthedifficultiesofteamwork.【答案】1．C2．A3．D4．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要解釋了團隊合作讓工作變得困難的原因。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Teamworkcanbehard.Infact,itwassodifficultthatIleftmyofficejobandstartedworkingfromhomeonmyown.”可知，作者選擇自己在家工作是因為團隊合作太難了，他想讓工作更簡單。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Personalities(個性)canmaketeamworkdifficult.”可知，成員的個性會使團隊合作變得困難。故選A。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“becauseonedayImightwanttoturnmyMETEAMintoaWETEAM.”可知，“大家的團隊”也許有一天會成為作者的選擇。故選D。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)主旨句“Teamworkcanbehard…andithasmademethinkaboutwhyteamworkcanmakeourjobsharderratherthaneasier.”可知，本文的目的是為了解釋團隊合作讓工作變得困難的原因。故選D。（2023·浙江寧波·中考真題）Plantsaremorethanjustprettytolookat.Theygiveusfruits,vegetablesandfoodweeat.Someplantsevenprovidematerialsformedicineorbuildingthings.Butdoyouknowthatplantscandosomethingevenmoreamazing?Theycanmakeourhomes,schoolsandworkplacesmuchhealthier.Wespendalargepartofourdayindoors.Unluckily,theairinsidebuildingscanoftenbefullofchemicals（化學(xué)物質(zhì)）frommanythingsaroundus.Thispoorairquality（質(zhì)量）canmakeusfeelsick,causingsoreeyesandthroats,andevenmakingithardforustobreathe.Whentheairinsidebuildingsgetsreallybad,peopleevencallthem“sickbuildings”.Thegoodnewsisthatplantsarelikenature’slittlesuperheroes.Theyhaveamagicpowerfightingagainstbadair.Plantsbreatheincarbondioxide(CO2)andbreatheoutoxygen(O2)whichwehumansneedtolive.Theycanalsoaddmoisturetotheairifit’stoodry,makingitmorecomfortableforustobreathe.________Scientistshavediscoveredthatplantshavetheabilitytotakeinharmfulchemicals,makingtheairaroundussafertobreathe.Theysetupacompletelyclosedbuildingcalled“bio-home”forexperiments.Beforetheyaddedplants,theairinsidewasfullofchemicalsandpeoplefoundithardtobreathe.Butaftertheyaddedplants,theairgotmuchcleaneranditbecameeasiertobreathe.Tomaketheairinsideevenbetter,thescientistsuseddifferentkindsofplants.Afterawhile,thebuildingwasn’ta“sickbuilding”anymore.Peoplecouldgoinsidewithoutfeelingunwell.Soyousee,plantsarefantastic!Theyarenotonlybeautifultolookat,buttheyalsoprovideuswithfood,helpcreatematerialsandplayanimportantroleinourhealth.Theymakeourindoorenvironmentscleanerandhealthier,makingusfeelbetter.Nexttimeyouseeaplant,rememberalltheamazingthingsitcandoforus!5．Whichofthefollowingisonewayforplantstoimprovetheairinsidebuildings?A．Theybreatheoutcarbondioxide. B．Theyproduceoxygen.C．Theygiveoutharmfulchemicals. D．Theymaketheairdry.6．Whichcanbethebesttofillintheblank________inParagraph4?A．Butthemostamazingthingplantscandoistocleantheair.B．Butoneinterestingthingplantscandoistobuildthings.C．Butplantscanprovidewhathumansneedtoeat.D．Butplantscanbeusedtomakemedicineforhumans.7．Howdoesthewritersupporthisopinionaboutplantsimprovingairquality?A．Bytellingpersonalexperiences. B．Byprovidingnumbersandforms.C．Byquestioningfamousscientists. D．Byusingscientificexperiments.8．Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellus?A．Plantsareimportantforprovidingfood. B．Plantsmakepeoplelookmuchbetter.C．Plantsaregoodforindoorenvironments. D．Plantsmakeiteasiertobuildhouses.【答案】5．B6．A7．D8．C【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了植物在室內(nèi)環(huán)境中發(fā)揮的重要作用。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Plantsbreatheincarbondioxide(CO2)andbreatheoutoxygen(O2)whichwehumansneedtolive.”可知室內(nèi)環(huán)境中充滿了化學(xué)物質(zhì)，但是植物可以呼出人們需要的氧氣。故選B。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Scientistshavediscoveredthatplantshavetheabilitytotakeinharmfulchemicals,makingtheairaroundussafertobreathe.”可知植物能夠吸收有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，使我們周圍的空氣呼吸更安全。選項A“但植物能做的最神奇的事情是清潔空氣?！狈险Z境。故選A。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Scientistshavediscoveredthatplantshavetheabilitytotakeinharmfulchemicals,makingtheairaroundussafertobreathe.Theysetupacompletelyclosedbuildingcalled‘bio-home’forexperiments.Beforetheyaddedplants,theairinsidewasfullofchemicalsandpeoplefoundithardtobreathe.Butaftertheyaddedplants,theairgotmuchcleaneranditbecameeasiertobreathe.Tomaketheairinsideevenbetter,thescientistsuseddifferentkindsofplants.Afterawhile,thebuildingwasn’ta‘sickbuilding’anymore.Peoplecouldgoinsidewithoutfeelingunwell.”可知作者通過講述科學(xué)家做的實驗，來說明植物改善空氣質(zhì)量。故選D。8．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了植物在室內(nèi)環(huán)境中發(fā)揮的重要作用。故選C。（2023·浙江臺州·中考真題）Theraceisontogetmoreelectriccarsontheroad.Peoplepredictthatelectriccarsmightbemorecommoninthefuture.Butaccordingtoa2021surveybyPewResearchCenter,morethanhalfofU,S,adultslikegas-poweredcarsbetter.Theysayelectriccarsareexpensiveandcharging(充電)themisabigproblem.Fornow,mostpeopleplantostickwithgas-poweredcars.Weaskyoungreaderswhattheythinkaboutelectriccars.Henry,12yearsold,SanFranciscoIthinkweshouldallhaveelectriccars.Thiswouldcutdownairpollutionandallowustobreathebetter.Cleanerairalsomeanstherewillbefeweranimalsdying.Thinkofalltheliveswehavelostbydestroyingourenvironment.Somepeoplethinkelectriccarsarepricey.Buttheirpricesarecomingdown.What’smore,gascostsalotmorethanelectricity.Onceyouusethegas,it’sgone.Anyway,Ithinkwe’regoingtorunoutofgasatsomepoint.Thiswillmakeelectriccarsaneed.Also,doyouknowthatelectriccarscantravel33milesforaboutadollar?Youcan’tsaythatforgas.Allcarsshouldbeelectric!Sandy,13yearsold,NewYorkIdon’tthinkallcarsshouldbeelectric.Firstofall,chargingstationsarelesscommonthangasstations.Thismakeselectriccarsalotlessconvenientforlongtrips.What’smore,coldweatherdoesharmtothebatteries(電池).Theycan’tworkwellasusual.Andelectriccarsarealsomoreexpensivethancommoncars.Anewelectriccarusuallycostsaround$11,000morethananewgarcar.True,electriccarshelpslowclimatechange.Butthrowingbatteriesawaycanhurtourplanet.9．OverhalfoftheAmericanadultsagreethatelectriccars________accordingtothesurvey.A．havenoproblemincharging B．a(chǎn)rebadfortheenvironmentC．a(chǎn)reexpensiveandlessconvenient D．canworkbetterincoldweather10．Theunderlinedword“pricey”probablymeans“________”.A．fast B．slow C．cheap D．expensive11．Sandydevelopsherideamainlyby________.A．tellingstories B．listingfacts C．a(chǎn)skingquestions D．usingsayings12．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Shouldallcarsbeelectric?B．Willcarsbecommoninthefuture?C．Canelectriccarshelpslowclimatechange?D．Aregas-poweredcarsbadfortheenvironment?【答案】9．C10．D11．B12．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了兩個學(xué)生對于電動汽車的看法。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theysayelectriccarsareexpensiveandcharging(充電)themisabigproblem”可知超過一半的美國成年人認(rèn)為電動汽車很貴而且充電是一個大問題。故選C。10．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Somepeoplethinkelectriccarsarepricey.Buttheirpricesarecomingdown”可知轉(zhuǎn)折詞前表示電動汽車的價格很高，故劃線部分意為“昂貴的”。故選D。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“chargingstationsarelesscommonthangasstations...”可知Sandy通過列舉了一些事實信息介紹自己的看法。故選B。12．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹了兩個學(xué)生對于電動汽車的看法，故以選項A“所有的汽車都應(yīng)該是電動的嗎”為標(biāo)題最合適。故選A。閱讀理解的正確選項特征：1.原文復(fù)現(xiàn)(選項與原文同形式復(fù)現(xiàn))2.同義轉(zhuǎn)換(通過短語、詞性或同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換)3.理解推斷(通過邏輯關(guān)系及細節(jié)分析，進行推理和判斷，從而得出文章的深層意義和隱含意義)閱讀理解的干擾選項特征：方法定義方法定義無中生有文中無信息支撐，但符合語境要求偷梁換柱利用文中同結(jié)構(gòu)短語或句型以假亂真黑白顛倒與文中所述事實相反張冠李戴利用文中詞語迷惑做題斷章取義僅為文中細節(jié)，對某一細節(jié)進行闡述(主旨大意)以偏概全用文章某個部分內(nèi)容表達整篇文章或段落的中心思想(主旨大意、段落大意)1.細節(jié)理解題說明文?？碱}型2.推理判斷題3.詞義猜測題4.主旨大意題/段落大意題5.邏輯排序題一．主旨大意題/段落大意題1.命題形式。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題標(biāo)題或題目設(shè)題，針對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意。2.常見設(shè)問方式1）標(biāo)題類(1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe__________.(2)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?(3)Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?2）大意類(1)Thispassagechieflydealswith__________. (2)What’sthetopicofthearticle?(3)Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?3.題目特點1）考查的范圍:基本論點、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等2）運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法,對文章進行高度概括或總結(jié),屬于高層次題。4.解題步驟1）略讀法：快速閱讀材料首尾段及段首句,找出各個段落的主題句2）把各個段落的主題句聯(lián)系起來,著眼于全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排,概括出文章的中心3）排除干擾項：利用生活常識編造干擾項,把文中的細節(jié)當(dāng)主旨,利用局部信息編造干擾項,編制超出文章范圍的標(biāo)題或不能涵蓋文章中心意義的標(biāo)題5.常見解題方法摘句歸納法(首尾句)、合并歸納法、取主舍次法二．邏輯排序題1.命題形式。給出從原文中抽取出來的5或6個具體事實，要求學(xué)生按照事件發(fā)生的先后順序進行排列或以圖片的形式呈現(xiàn)，主要考查學(xué)生對說明順序的理解2.常見設(shè)問方式Whichisthecorrectorderforpoetstoenterthecompetition?Whatisthecorrectorderofthefollowingeventsfromthepassage?InwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninDarwin'slife?3.解題步驟1）先易后難。選擇自己最熟悉、最明顯的答案先判斷,根據(jù)“先易后難”的原則逐個排除。2）找關(guān)鍵詞。如表順序的atfirst,first,second,third等。3）上下句聯(lián)系。這種題所采用的語句一般都是在上句與下句或上半句與下半句之間有一定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,我們只要抓住它們的聯(lián)系就可以解答了。4.常見解題方法“觀察+對比+定位+排除”的方法：首先觀察選項的特點,一般情況下,四個選項中都是有兩個相同的順序組合作為事件發(fā)生的順序開頭,到文中去定位,排除錯誤的選項;接著進行第二輪對比排除,最后得到正確答案。三．詞義猜測題1.命題形式。在閱讀過程中根據(jù)對語篇的信息、邏輯、背景知識及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測或推斷某一生詞、難詞、關(guān)鍵詞的意義。2.常見設(shè)問方式Whatdoestheunderlinedword“”inParagraph3mean?Theunderlinedword“...”means“”inthispassage.

3.解題步驟1）根據(jù)題干定位單詞所在段落2）理解詞所在上下句3）根據(jù)上下句語境推斷4.解題方法1）根據(jù)文章中心或主題猜測詞義。2）利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義3）根據(jù)上下文的同義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來理解詞義。4）根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系或順承關(guān)系猜測詞義。5）根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗或常識猜測詞義。（2024·浙江杭州·一模）Haveyoueverfoundyourselfinasituationwhereyou’retalkingtosomeonebuttheykeeplookingattheirphone?Thisiscalled“phubbing”—amixofthewords“phone”and“snubbing(不理睬)”.Whensomeoneis“phubbing”,they’reusingtheirphonetolookthroughtheonlinenews,checkmessages,playgamesandsoon,insteadoffocusingontheconversationorspendingtimewiththepeoplethey’rewith.Thewordwasfirstusedbackin2012,whenfewerpeoplehadsmartphones.Andnowthatmostpeoplehavesmartphones,phubbingisacommonproblem.Mostpeoplewouldagreethatit’srudetofocusonyourphonewhenyou’respendingtimewithanotherperson.TheexpertWilliamHansonthinksso,too.“Phubbingisano-no!”hesays.“Ifyouhaveplannedtogooutwithfriends,focusonthemandnotonyourphone.”Studieshavefoundthatphubbingcandamageyourrelationshipswithothers.Phubbingcanmakepeoplefeelexcluded.Theyhaveastrongsenseofnotbeingacceptedandthosewho“phub”arethoughtofaslesspoliteandcaring.Sosciencehasshownthatphubbingisnotgoodforus—butwhydowedoit?Itmightbebecausewearefeelingbored,worriedorstressed.Oritmightbebecauseweareaddictedto(沉溺于)checkingourphones,especiallysocialmedia.Whateverthereasonmaybe,phubbingisabadhabitandcanmakeusmissoutonrealmomentswiththepeoplearoundus.Sothenexttimeyou’respendingtimewithafriendorfamilymember,tryandkeepyourphoneoutofsight!13．Whensomeoneisphubbing,whatisheprobablydoing?A．Buyinganewsmartphone. B．Checkingtheonlinenews.C．Keepingthephoneoutofsight. D．Talkingwithpeoplebesidehim.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excluded”inParagraph2mean?A．Leftout. B．Mad. C．Proud. D．Satisfied.15．Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?A．Tocallonpeoplenottousesmartphones.B．Toshowtheimportanceofsmartphones.C．Tointroducewhat“phubbing”istothereaders.D．Tovaluetherealmomentswiththepeoplearoundus.16．Wherewouldthereadersprobablyfindthispassage?A．Inastorybook. B．Inanartmagazine.C．Inamathtextbook. D．Inasocialmagazine.【答案】13．B14．A15．D16．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了近年來由于智能手機和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，越來越多的人做“低頭族”的現(xiàn)象，并號召讀者珍惜和身邊人在一起的真實時光。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whensomeoneis‘phubbing’,they’reusingtheirphonetolookthroughtheonlinenews,checkmessages,playgamesandsoon,insteadoffocusingontheconversationorspendingtimewiththepeoplethey’rewith.”可知，當(dāng)一個人“低頭”時，他們可能在用手機查看信息。故選B。14．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Theyhaveastrongsenseofnotbeingaccepted”可知，后文提到了手機讓人覺得不被接納，因此劃線詞是“排斥，拒絕接納”之意。故選A。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)“Whateverthereasonmaybe,phubbingisabadhabitandcanmakeusmissoutonrealmomentswiththepeoplearoundus.”以及“Sothenexttimeyou’respendingtimewithafriendorfamilymember,tryandkeepyourphoneoutofsight!”可知，文章主要是號召讀者珍惜和身邊人在一起的真實時光。故選D。16．推理判斷題。本文主要講述了近年來由于智能手機和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，越來越多的人做“低頭族”的現(xiàn)象，并號召讀者珍惜和身邊人在一起的真實時光，因此我們可以在社交雜志上看到。故選D。（2024·浙江杭州·一模）Headphonesarehelpful.Theyaregoodforblockingoutnoise.Andweusethemtolistentomusicnoinfluencingothers.Butheadphonescanbeharmful,too.Theycancausehearinglossifthevolume(音量)istooloud.Studiesshowthatoneoutofevery10kidsintheUnitedStateshassomehearingloss.Thecauseisloudnoise.HowHearingWorksAnearhasmanyworkingparts.Theirjobistoturnsoundintosomethingyourbraincanunderstand.Andtherearecells(細胞)insidethecarthathelpyouhear.“Wecallthemhaircells,”JackieClarksays.“Theylooklikehairsstandingup.”ClarkisaprofessorattheUniversityofTexas,Shestudieshowloudnoisesaffect(影響)ourears.Soundmovesandmakesthehaircellsmovebackandforth.Loudnoisescandamage(損害)thesecellsbygettingthemnotstraightanymore.Oncethecellsaredamaged,theydon’tgrowback.Onesignofhearinglossistinnitus.It’saringinginthecars.“It’slikesomeoneisplayingtheviolinforalongtime,”Clarksays.“It’sdifficulttogetawayfromit.”Andthedamageaffectsmorethanyourears.Itcancauseworriesandstress.Howcanyouprotectyourears?Keepthevolumeonyourheadphoneslow.Youshouldbeabletohearsoundsaroundyou.Andotherpeopleshouldn’thearnoisefromyourheadphones.Measuring(測量)SoundSoundsornoisesareeverywhere.Raindropsare40decibels(分貝)whilefireworksare140decibels.Whataboutyourheadphones?Theycangohigherthan100decibels.That’stooloud.Toprotectyourears,keepyourheadphonesatabouthalfvolume.Anddon’tlistentoolong.Aboutanhouradayissafe.17．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinto?A．ProtectYourEars B．HowHearingLosesC．KeepAwayfromStress D．Thedamageofviolins18．Whichofthefollowingthingshashighervolumethanheadphones?A．Conversation. B．CityTraffic. C．TV. D．Fireworks.19．Whichofthefollowingwillthewriteragreewith?A．MostAmericanchildrenhavesomehearingloss.B．It’spropertokeeptheheadphonesat100decibels.C．Haircellscangrowbackagainafterbeingdamaged.D．Apersonwithtinnitusmayfeelworriedandnervous.20．What’sthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroducehowhearingworksandloses.B．Toadvisehowtouseheadphonesproperly.C．Toteachpeoplehowtomeasurethesounds.D．Totellpeopledifferentwaystoprotectears.【答案】17．A18．D19．D20．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了耳機很有用，但是它也會導(dǎo)致聽力喪失，所以文章建議我們要合理使用耳機。17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Howcanyouprotectyourears?”可知此處介紹了保護聽力。故選A。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Raindropsare40decibels(分貝)whilefireworksare140decibels.Whataboutyourheadphones?Theycangohigherthan100decibels”可知耳機的音量是100分貝以上，煙火的分貝是140。故選D。19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Onesignofhearinglossistinnitus...Itcancauseworriesandstress.”可知耳鳴會讓人擔(dān)心和有壓力。故選D。20．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了耳機很有用，但是它也會導(dǎo)致聽力喪失，所以文章建議我們要合理使用耳機。故選B。（2024·浙江杭州·一模）①HaveyouevervisitedanytraditionalChinesegardens?TheylooklikemorenaturalsightsthansomeWesternGardens.Theyhavealonghistory.Asearlyas1500,thereweretwomaintypesofgardens:imperialgardensandprivategardens.Imperialgardenswerefortheuseoftheemperorandhisfamily.Privategardenswerebuiltbyimportantofficialsorwealthybusinessmen.Bothtypesofgardenswerebuiltforhuntingandresting.②TheSummerPalaceinBeijingisChina’smostfamousimperialgarden.Itcoversabout3,000,000m2.KunmingLaketakesupalmostthree-fourthsofthegarden’stotalarea.Thereareover3,000ancientbuildingsandmorethan400,000plantsinthegarden.Youcanalsoseemorethan40,000valuableworksfromeachancientperiod.Withsucharichcollection,thegardenisknownasthe“ImperialGardenMuseum.”③Asforprivategardens,themostfamousoneistheHumbleAdministrator’sGarden(拙政園)inSuzhou.Ithasanareaofonly41,000m2.Itisquitesmallcomparedtoimperialgardens,butit’sbeautiful.Whenyouarestandinginanycornerofthegarden,italllookslikealifelikepicture.Andthewholegardenlooksdifferentindifferentseasons.④ThetraditionalChinesegardenshavebeendesigned(設(shè)計)tolooknaturallyformed.Mountainsandwaters,treesandflowers,housesandtowersarewell-organized.Theydon’tlookcrowdedtogetheratall.Infact,ChinesegardensareinsomewaysverymuchliketraditionalChinesesightpaintings.Thetwohaveinfluencedanddevelopedalongsideoneanother.BothofthemshowtheimportanceofnatureinChineseculture.21．What’sParagraph1mainlyabout?A．TheownersofChinesegardens. B．ThehistoryofChinesegardens.C．TwomainkindsofChinesegardens. D．Twomainreasonsforbuildinggardens.22．ThenumbersinParagraph2aretoshowthat________.A．theSummerPalaceisverylargeinsize B．theimperialgardenisusedbytheemperorC．thegardenmuseumhasarichcollection D．KunmingLaketakesupalotofspace23．WhatcanweknowabouttraditionalChinesegardensaccordingtothepassage?A．Thethingsinthegardenswerenotformedproperly.B．TheprivategardensinSuzhouarefamousforthesize.C．TheyaredifferentfromChinesetraditionalsightpaintings.D．Theyweremainlybuiltfortheownerstohuntandrest.24．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?A． B． C． D．【答案】21．C22．A23．D24．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)園林有兩大類型：皇家園林和私家園林。頤和園是最著名的皇家園林，拙政園是最有名的私家園林。21．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Asearlyas1500,thereweretwomaintypesofgardens:imperialgardensandprivategardens.”并通讀第一段可知，本段主要介紹了中國園林的兩大類型。故選C。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itcoversabout3,000,000m2...Thereareover3,000ancientbuildingsandmorethan400,000plantsinthegarden.Youcanalsoseemorethan40,000valuableworksfromeachancientperiod.”可知，頤和園占地3,000,000平方米，園中有3000多座古建筑和40多萬種植物，你還可以看到來自每個古代時期的4萬多件有價值的作品。由此推知，第二段中的數(shù)字是為了展示頤和園非常大。故選A。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Bothtypesofgardenswerebuiltforhuntingandresting.”可知，中國傳統(tǒng)園林都是為了狩獵和休息而建造的。故選D。24．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第一段“HaveyouevervisitedanytraditionalChinesegardens?”可知，第一段用于引出話題，為第一部分；第二、三段分別介紹了頤和園和拙政園，為第二部分；第四段說明了中國園林在設(shè)計方面的共同之處，為第三部分。故選D。（2024·浙江·一模）AstudentprojecthasshownanotherpowerofAI—itcanbegoodatlocatingwherephotosweretaken.TheprojectisknownasPredictingImageGeolocations(orPIGEON,forshort).It’stheworkofthreeStanfordstudents:MichalSkreta,SilasAlbertiandLukasHaas.TheydesigneditinordertofindoutlocationsonGoogleStreetView(谷歌街景).Whenpresentedwithafewpersonalphotosithadneverseenbefore,theprogramwas,inmostcases,abletomakeaccurate(準(zhǔn)確的)guessesaboutwherethephotosweretaken.PIGEONworkswellbecauseitcanpickuponallthelittlethingsinphotos.Itcannoticesmalldifferencesinleaves,soilandweather.LikesomanyapplicationsofAI,itcouldhelppeoplefindoutthelocationsofoldphotosfromrelatives.Itmayalsoallowscientiststodosurveysofanareaforinvasive(入侵的)plants.Skretabelievesordinarypeoplewillalsofindituseful.“YoulikethisplaceinItaly.Whereintheworldcouldyougoifyouwanttoseesomethingsimilar?”hesays.Justasasayinggoes,“▲.”It’sworthnotingthattheprogramcouldalsobeusedtoletoutinformationaboutpeoplethattheyneverwantedtoshare,saysJayStanley,anexpertattheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion.StanleyworriesthatcompaniesmightsoonuseAItofindoutwhereyou’vetraveled.Governmentsmightcheckyourphotostoseeifyou’vevisitedcertaincountries.Beingfollowedisalsoagreatthreat,hesays.WhilepeoplehavelongbeenabletoremoveGPSlocationinformationfromphotostheypostonline,thatmaynotworkanymore.“Fromaprivacypointofview,yourlocationcanbeaverysensitive(敏感的)setofinformation,”hesays.StanleythinkstheuseofAIforgeolocationwillbecomeevenmorepowerfulgoingforward.Hedoubtsthere’smuchtobedone—excepttorealizewhat’sinthebackgroundphotosyoupostonline.25．Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus________.A．whatPIGEONcando B．whichfieldPIGEONisusedinC．howPIGEONworks D．whyPIGEONcanpickuponlittlethings26．Whichcanbethebesttofillintheblank▲inParagraph4?A．Badnewshaswings B．EachcoinhastwosidesC．Allgoodthingscametoanend D．There’snosuchthingasafreelunch27．Theunderlinedword“threat”inParagraph4mightmean________.A．method B．popularity C．chance D．danger28．WecanlearnthattheuseofAIforgeolocation________.A．wasworkedoutbyastudent B．preventsaplantgoingintoaplaceC．requirestobeimprovedatpresent D．makesthebackgroundofaphotolivelier【答案】25．A26．B27．D28．C【導(dǎo)語】本文作者講述了人工智能的一種新用途：通過照片識別拍攝位置，并討論了它的優(yōu)缺點。25．段落大意題。根據(jù)“TheydesigneditinordertofindoutlocationsonGoogleStreetView(谷歌街景).”并結(jié)合第一、二段內(nèi)容可知，主要講述了PIGEON的用途，故選A。26．推理判斷題。文章第二、三段講述了PIGEON的優(yōu)點，第四段主要講述了PIGEON的缺點，劃線句為過渡句，承上啟下，說明任何事物都有兩面性，故選B。27．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文“StanleyworriesthatcompaniesmightsoonuseAItofindoutwhereyou’vetraveled.Governmentsmightcheckyourphotostoseeifyou’vevisitedcertaincountries.”可知，Stanley擔(dān)心公司可能使用AI來查明你去了哪里，政府可能會查驗?zāi)愕恼掌瑏聿榭茨闶欠袢チ四承﹪?，所以被跟蹤是一個巨大的威脅，劃線部分單詞與danger意思相近，故選D。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“StanleythinkstheuseofAIforgeolocationwillbecomeevenmorepowerfulgoingforward.Hedoubtsthere’smuchtobedone...”可推知，使用人工智能進行地理定位目前還需要改進，故選C。（23-24九年級下·浙江杭州·階段練習(xí)）Presentation(展示)skillsareimportantatschoolandinotherareasoflife.Somepeopledon’tlikegivingpresentationsbecausetheydon’tknowwhattosayorbecausetheygetnervousaboutpublicspeaking.Here’ssome