初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞和代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句.被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whose,whom,which,that,as;引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why;關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ).關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ).一.由who,引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,who在從句中做主語(yǔ)(口語(yǔ)中也可做賓語(yǔ)),修飾表示人的先行詞.例如:Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.Doyouknowthecomradewhospokejustnow?Theboywho//whomwesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.二.whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ),修飾表示人的先行詞,口語(yǔ)中可以省略.Thedoctor(whom)youarelookingforisintheroom.Theperson(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(介詞后whom不能省略)Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingforareveryhealthy.(固定短語(yǔ)中的介詞一般不省略,介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞之后)三.whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),修飾表示人或物的先行詞.DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.Passmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.四.that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),修飾表示人或物的先行詞,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略,不能放在介詞后面作賓語(yǔ).Theletter(that//which)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.Ican’tfindtheletterthat//whichcamethismorning.Doyoustillrememberthedays(that//which)wespenttogether?Thisisthemanthat//whohelpedme.Thehouse(that//which)weliveinisnotlarge.=Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.Thedoctor(that//whom//who)youarelookingforisintheroom.五.which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,which在從句中做主語(yǔ),也可做賓語(yǔ),或介詞的賓語(yǔ),修飾表示物的先行詞.先行詞可以是詞、短語(yǔ)、句子。Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.Thebuildingwhich//thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.(介詞后面的which不能省略)Thehouse(which/that)weliveinisnotlarge.Thisisthewatch(which/that)hewaslookingfor.(在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中,介詞只能放在動(dòng)詞之后,不能放在which之前)六、that和which都可以修飾表示物的先行詞,但是下列情況只能用that.先行詞為不定冠詞all,few,little,much,everything,nothing等.All(that)youhavetodoistopractiseeveryday.Thereisn’tmuch(that)Icando.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí).Thefirstlesson(that)Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.先行詞被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代詞修飾時(shí).Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修飾時(shí).ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.ThisisthesamebookthatIwanttoread.(同一本書(shū))----ThisisthesamebookasIwanttoread.當(dāng)主句以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo).Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesn’tknowthis?⑥先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwecouldremember.⑦time做先行詞，前面如果有序數(shù)詞或last來(lái)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)或省略；如果沒(méi)有序數(shù)詞或last來(lái)修飾時(shí)，既可用when也可用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallgiveyoualesson.Thefirsttime(that)Isawhimwasin1972.It’stime(that)wegotup.七、as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、或狀語(yǔ)，常與thesame…as;such…as,so…as,as…as連用。Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.Heisthesameageasyou(are).Hewillgiveyousuchinformationaswillhelpyou.Suchstudentsasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.=Studentssuchasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.在thesame…后也可用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但意義有所不同：that引出的定語(yǔ)從句，指的是與先行詞同一事物；而as引出的定語(yǔ)從句是與先行詞相似的同類(lèi)事物。IwanttousethesametoolthatIusedyesterday.IwanttousethesametoolasIusedyesterday.八、由when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞，when為關(guān)系副詞，做定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.(介詞＋which可以代替when)I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.[Irememberthedayswhich//thatwespenttogether.]九、由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，where為關(guān)系副詞，做定語(yǔ)從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.(介詞＋which可以代替where)[Thisisaplacewhich//thatIwantedtovisit.]十、Why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，why做原因狀語(yǔ)。Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill.=============================================================非限定性定語(yǔ)從句who指人，做主語(yǔ)。YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeverybusy.whom指人,作賓語(yǔ).Hehadmanyfriends,manyofwhomhadbeenintheuniversities.whose指人,作定語(yǔ).TheChairman’sdaughter,whosenameisAnn,gaveTomasmile.which指物,做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ).Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.Thespeech,whichhehadwrittenonthepaper,seemedendless.where指地點(diǎn),作狀語(yǔ).GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.when指時(shí)間,作狀語(yǔ).Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextmonth,whenwewillhavemadeallthepreparations.as做主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ);先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子.Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.As引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情況下已經(jīng)構(gòu)成固定搭配.AseverybodycanseeaswasusualAscanbeseenasIexpectedAsisknowntoall，asmaybeimaginedasyouknowasisexpectedashasbeensaidbeforeasisreportedasisoftensaidasisannounced限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：限定性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞作些附加的說(shuō)明，如果去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，一般不用that引導(dǎo)。*******as和which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的比較：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句位于句未，而且as和which在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)可互換。Heisafarmer,as/whichisclearfromhismanner.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whichanybodycansee.2.which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句一般放在句未，而as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。放在句首時(shí)不能用which替換。Crusoelosthisdog,whichmadehimverysadTaiwanispartofChina,as/whichisknowntoall.Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.3.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“這一點(diǎn)、這件事”，常與see，hope，expect，know，guess等動(dòng)詞搭配；而which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與主句有一種因果關(guān)系，可譯為“所以……”。Cyprus,asyouallknow,isintheMediterranean.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.4.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大多數(shù)必須是連系動(dòng)詞。如果從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞，則必須用which。Hemarriedher,aswasnatural.Sherefusedtotakethemedicine,whichmadehermotherangry.Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedherfromgoingtoShenyang.Heisabsent,asisoftenthecase.TheendChoosethebestanswers:CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which_______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.ItThefenceinourgarden,______myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whereThere’sstillmuch______canbeimprovedaboutit.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.whatWhenlostinwork,____heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.A.whatBsoC.justlikeD.asMrJohnson’sson,______livesinChicago,isadoctor.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whichWehadtodelaythepartytillnextweek,______weshouldhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.whenB.whichC.atwhichD.inthatWetraveledtogetherasfarasChicago,______wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.A.whichB.whenC.whyD.whereI’llneverforgettheyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;whoHearrivedinNewYorkin1896,_______,sometimelater,hebecameawriter.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichShemayhavemissedhertrain,in______caseshewon’tarriveforanotherhour.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.thisHehasmadeawonderfuldiscovery,_______ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichdoIthinkisC.IthinkwhichisD.whichIthinkitisI’llrememberthetime_____wespenttogetherinthecountry.A.thatB.whenC.duringwhichD.atwhich14.Idon’tbelievethereason______hehasgivenforhisbeinglate.A.whyB.thatC.howD.whatThereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse,______servedasakitchen.A.thesmallerofwhichB.thesmallofwhichC.thesmallerofthemD.thesmalleroneHelivedinLondonfor3years,during_____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.sameWillyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostoffice.A.xB.inwhichC.thatD.whereAlicehasalargecollectionofphotos,______wastakeninLondon.A.noneofthemB.nooneofwhichC.allofwhichD.noneofwhichHissisterhadbecomeateacher,______waswhathewantedtobe.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.whichNextwinter_____you’llspendinHarbin,I’msure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.whereWiththefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople_____villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhichTheboss,_____restaurantIamserving,isakindheartedman.A.inwhichB.inwhoseC.whereD.whichIfellmostangryabouttheway______I’vebeentreated.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.howHewasrudetotheCustomsofficer,_____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.whichThereisamountain_____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.it’sD.thatHehashadthesamelife______hisfatherlived.A.whereB.asC.thatD.whenDorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.whatRecentlyIboughtanancientChineseVase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhoseTheChicagoBullswasmadeupofthebestbasketballplayersintheStates,and____wereblackAmericans.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhomC.mostofthatD.mostofwhich“______breakthelawshouldbepunished,”thejudgeshouted.A.SomeoneB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.ThosewhoIsthereagasstationaround______Icangetsomepetrol.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.thatIsthereanythingelse______yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatThelastplace_______wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itHetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whenTherailwaytunnel,through_____thetraingoeswillbecompletedsoon.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whomThereisnodictionary_______youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthatNextmonth,______you’llspendinyourhometown,iscoming.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereNextmonth,______you’llbeinyourhometown,iscoming.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereHewantedtoknowthetime______heneededtoknow.AthatB.whenC.whereD.whatThereisn’tsomuchnoiseinthecountry_______inbigcities.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.asTheycouldonlyreadsuchstories______hadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.A.thatB.whichC.asDwhatCrusoe’sdogbecameillanddied,_______madehimverylonely.A.asB.whichC.thatD.this_______weknownow,batscomesoutonlyatnight.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.WhatJohngotbeateninthegame,______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who45._______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As46.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,______writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem47.Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,________aregirls.A.ofwhomtwo-thirdsB.two-thirdofthemC.two-thirdinthemD.two-thirdsinwhich48.Doyouknowtheman_________?A.whomIspokeB.towhoIspokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke49.Thisisoneofthebestfilms________thisyear.A.havebeenshownB.thathaveshownC.thathavebeenshownD.whichhasbeenshown50.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere51.I’lltellyou_______hetoldmelastmonth.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all52.Istillremembertheday_____shefirstworethatpinkdress.A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich53.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatBxC.whichD.it54.I’vereadallthebooks______wereborrowedfromthelibrary.A.thatB.xC.whichD.they55.Youcantakeanyseat_______isfree.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.inwhich56.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which57.Pleasepassmethedictionary______coverisblack.A.whichB.whichofC.itsD.whose58.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone59.Hehastwosons,_______workaschemists.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom60.I,______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis61.TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom_____youboughtlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat62.Chinahashundredsofislands,________thelargestisTaiwan.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.ofwhichD.whi