2024年合肥市高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)（一模）

英語試題

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽完每段對(duì)話后，你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

l.Howwillthewomangototheairport?

A.Bybus.

B.Bysubway

C.Bytaxi.

2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Classmates.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Fellowworkers.

3.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?

A.Toconfirmaplan.

B.Topostponeameeting.

C.Torescheduleareservation.

4.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inarestaurant.

B.Athome.

C.Onthestreet.

5.Whyisthewomanintheoffice?

A.Topreparedocuments.

B.Towaitforacolleague.

C.Tomeetadeadline.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)，聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各

小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Remendingasuitcase.

B.Inquiringabouthisluggage.

C.Confirminghisflightnumber.

7.Whatdocsthemansayaboutthesuitcase?

A.Ithasrecognizablefeatures.

B.Ithasbeentakenbymistake.

C.Itishisdaughter'sspecialtoy.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Tripplans.

B.Flatdecorations.

C.Partypreparations.

9.Whowillprobablygettheballoons?

A.Mary

B.Wilson.

C.Jack.

10.Whatdocsthemansuggestdoingattheendoftheconversation?

A.AskingRichardforhelp

B.Gettingthemedrelateddecorations.

C.Makingpostersforoceanprotection.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.WhatdoesthemandislikeaboutthepurpleTshirt?

A.Thepatternonit.

Bitscolor.

C.Itsmaterial.

12.Whatdoesthemanbuyforhisdaughter?

A.Jeans.

B.Adress.

C.ATshirt.

13.Howmuchwillthemanpay?

A.$50.

B.$75

C.$100.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whatdoesthemando?

A.Awriter.

B.Ateacher.

C.Aphotographer.

15.Whydocsthewomansuggestthemantakeatrip?

A.Totakephotos

B.Tomeetpeople

C.Torelievepressure

16.Howwillthecoupledecidewheretogo?

A.Bysearchingonline.

B.Byconsultingafriend.

C.Byturningtotheirson.

17.WhatwillthewomandothisFriday?

A.Eatout.

B.Dothepacking

C.Goshopping

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.Whatdoweknowaboutthequartermileroad?

A.Itcanprovidewirelesschargingservice.

B.Itcanincreasetheefficiencyofvehicles.

C.Itisspeciallydesignedtoproducepower.

19.HowdoesStefanTongurfeelabouttheproject?

A.Itisverypopularandwidelyused.

B.Itissafeandenvironmentfriendly.

C.Itissustainableandenergyefficient.

2O.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

A.Awirelesssmartroad.

B.Anewelectricvehicle.

C.Aroadsecuritysystem

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

HongKonghasthelargestcollectionofhighrisebuildingsonEarth,manyofwhichhavebeendesignedby

worldfamousarchitects.

HSBCHeadquartersBuilding

In1979,theHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation（HSBC）launchedaninternationaldesignpetition

foritsnewheadquarters.Foster+Partners,headedbyarchitectSirNormanFoster,wonthepetitionwithan

outoftheboxidea.WithabudgetofroughlyS667millionintheday'scurrency,theBritishvisionaryhadthe

modular（模塊化的）piecesconstructedintheUS,JapanandtheUKbeforeshippingthemtoHongKongfor

assembly（組裝）.

TheHenderson

ZahaHadidArchitects（ZHA）hasrevealedplanstoreplaceamultistorycarparkinHongKong'scentral

businessdistrictwithanew623fbottower.LikesomanyofZHA'svisionaryprojects,theofficetower,pletedin

2023,integratestechnologywithnaturalenvironments.Forinstance,thereisaskygardenwhichisanoutdoor

recreationalspacewitharunningtrackandaplantingnetworkthatactsasaneffectivebiologicalairpurifyingfilter

byconsumingpollutants.

TwoInternationalFinanceCentre

Onaclearday,youcanseestraightacrossHongKongfromtheofficesinTwoInternationalFinance

Center（2IFC）,pletedin2003.DesignedbythelateCesarPelli,thel,352foottowerwasthetallestinthecityupon

itspletion.Ittransformedtheskylinewhenitopenedwithitsbreathtakingheightandtapered（錐形的）shape,

symbolizingHongKong'srise.

BankofChinaTower

Thel,205fbottower,pletedin1990,brokerecordsatthetimeandbecameaninstantlandmarkasthefirst

towerover985feetoutsideNorthAmerica.Avisionofurbanenergy,expansionandgeometry,theBankofChina

Tower（BOCTower）wasdesignedtoresembleabambooshoot,symbolizingstrength,vitalityandChina5s

emergenceasasignificantplayerininternationalfinance.

1.WhatisspecialabouttheHSBCHeadquartersBuilding?

A.Itwasdesignedbyseveralarchitectteams.B.Itwasfundedbycountriesacrosstheworld.

C.Itsstylewasconsideredtobethemostcreative.D.Itsdesignwasawinningworkofapetition.

2.Whichbuildingbinestechnologywithnature?

A.HSBCHeadquartersBuilding.B.TheHenderson.

C.TwoInternationalFinanceCentre.D.BankofChinaTower.

3.WhatdotheBOCTowerand2IFChaveinmon?

A.Theyareknownforbeingecofriendly.B.Theywerepletedinthesamecentury.

C.TheyusedtobethetallestinHongKong.D.Theyweredesignedbythesamearchitect.

【答案】l.D2,B3.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了香港的四座大樓的情況。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In1979,theHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation（HSBC）launchedan

internationaldesignpetitionforitsnewheadquarters.Foster+Partners,headedbyarchitectSirNormanFoster,won

thepetitionwithanoutoftheboxidea.（1979年，香港上海匯豐銀行（HSBC）為其新總部發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)國(guó)際設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽。

由建筑師諾曼?福斯特爵士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的福斯特建筑事務(wù)所以一個(gè)新穎的想法贏得了比賽）”可知，匯豐總部大樓

的特別之處在于它的設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)競(jìng)賽的獲獎(jiǎng)作品。故選D。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheHenderson部分中“LikesomanyofZHA'svisionaryprojects,theofficetower,pletedin

2023,integratestechnologywithnaturalenvironments.（像ZHA的許多有遠(yuǎn)見的項(xiàng)目一樣，這座辦公大樓于2023

年完工，將技術(shù)與自然環(huán)境融為一體）”可知，TheHenderson結(jié)合了科技與自然。故選B。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段uDesignedbythelateCesarPelli,thel,352foottowerwasthetallestinthecity

uponitspletion.（這座1352英尺高的塔樓由已故的凱撒?佩里設(shè)計(jì)，建成后是該市最高的塔樓）”以及最后一

段“Thel,205foottower,pletedin1990,brokerecordsatthetimeandbecameaninstantlandmarkasthefirst

towerover985feetoutsideNorthAmerica.（這座1205英尺高的塔于1990年完工，打破了當(dāng)時(shí)的紀(jì)錄，成為北

美以外第一座超過985英尺的塔，立即成為地標(biāo)）”可知，中銀大廈和第二國(guó)際金融中心的共同之處是都曾

經(jīng)是香港最高的。故選C。

B

Ininternships（實(shí)習(xí)期）andjobsthatI,nowacareerwoman,haveeverhad,Fvewatchedprofessionals,

experiencedandbrandnewalike,conductinterviewsorpresentinmeetingsandmanyofthemappearunprepared

andlackconfidence.Ithinktheywouldallbenefitfromanactingclass.

Acentraltechniqueanactingclasscanequipyouwithisimprovisation（即興表演）.Essentially,skillssuchas

theimprovisationprincipleof"Yes,and...”arebeneficialforthinkingonyourfeet.Whensomeonesuggestsanew

idea,yousay"yes"andrunwiththesuggestion.Aprofessionalfamiliarwiththistechniquecanentertainandvalue

thecontributionsofothers,promotingafreeflowingexchangeofideas,whichinspiresapositive,creativespiritthat

thecorporateworldlongsfor.

Bothcollegestudentsandprofessionalsmightbenefitfromthevoiceandmovementtraining.Iusedtobe

afraidofthevoiceandmovementpartofactingclass.Myactingteacherwouldmakeusdopushupsandyoga.

Then,we'dstandupandmoan（呻吟）withvaryingdegreesofvoices.Ihatedthis,andlotsofotherpeopledo,too.

Buttheproductofthistrainingisanindividualwhostandstallandspeaksclearlyandloudly.Plus,Istillusethe

stretchesandwarmupsfromclasstocalmmynervesbeforepresentations.

Asanactor,youareastudentofhumanbehavior.Withthat,whenyoureceiveatext,youexploreyour

character.Forexample,ifyou'replayingavillain（反派角色）,youhavetoapproachyourcharacterfromwhereit

stands.Suchanoutlookmakesforawonderfulleader,onethatunderstandscoworkers9situationsandtreatsthem

withpolitenessandunderstanding.

I'vebornecountless“Whatareyougoingtodowithatheaterdegree?”speechesfromfamilyandfriends.But

ultimately,thesesoftskillsareincrediblyvaluableforyoungprofessionals.Actingtrainingwillsetyouapartfrom

thepack.

4.Whateffectdoestheprincipleof"Yes,and...”haveonprofessionalsfollowingit?

A.Itgeneratespositivesuggestions.B.Itbringsaboutsmoothinteraction.

C.Itoffersthemgoodentertainmentvalue.D.Ithelpsthemrecognizetheirowncontribution.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'sexperienceinparagraph3?

A.Sheisstillverynervousofheractingteacher.

B.Sheisaddictedtoworkingonherphysicalfitness.

C.Thetraininghasmadeherbraverandmorepatient.

D.Thetraininghasenhancedherpresentationabilities.

6.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningexploringcharacters?

A.Itisabigchallengeformostofthestudentactors.

B.Itmakesthestudyofhumanbehaviormucheasier.

C.Itcanhelppeopletoputthemselvesinothers9shoes.

D.Itmayimprovetherelationshipbetweencoworkers.

7.Whatdoestheauthoradviseyoungprofessionalstodo?

ATakeanactingclass.B.Pursueactingcareers

C.Obtainhigherdegrees.D.Consultfamilyandfriends.

【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了作者結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷說明上表演課所帶來的一些好處。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Aprofessionalfamiliarwiththistechniquecanentertainandvaluethecontributionsof

others,promotingafreeflowingexchangeofideas,whichinspiresapositive,creativespiritthatthecorporateworld

longsfor.（熟悉這一技巧的專業(yè)人士能夠接受并重視他人的貢獻(xiàn)，促進(jìn)思想的自由交流，從而激發(fā)出企業(yè)界

所渴望的積極、創(chuàng)新的精神。）”可知，”是的，但是……”的原則可以讓遵循這一原則的專業(yè)人士有順暢

的互動(dòng)。故選B。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Buttheproductofthistrainingisanindividualwhostandstallandspeaksclearlyand

loudly.Plus,Istillusethestretchesandwarmupsfromclasstocalmmynervesbeforepresentations.（但這種訓(xùn)I練

的結(jié)果是一個(gè)人站得高，說話清晰響亮。此外，在演講之前，我仍然會(huì)利用課堂上的伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)和熱身來鎮(zhèn)

定我的緊張情緒。）”可知，培訓(xùn)提高了她的演講能力。故選D。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Suchanoutlookmakesforawonderfulleader,onethatunderstandscoworkers'

situationsandtreatsthemwithpolitenessandunderstanding.（這樣的觀點(diǎn)造就了一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，一個(gè)理解

同事的情況，禮貌和理解地對(duì)待他們的人。）”可知，作者提到探索人物是想說明這能幫助人們?cè)O(shè)身處地地

為別人著想。故選C。

【7題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Ithinktheywouldallbenefitfromanactingclass.（我覺得上表演課對(duì)他們都有好

處。）”以及最后一段aButultimately,thesesoftskillsareincrediblyvaluableforyoungprofessionals.Acting

trainingwillsetyouapartfromthepack.（但最終，這些軟技能對(duì)年輕的專業(yè)人士來說是非常有價(jià)值的。表演訓(xùn)

練將使你與眾不同。）”可知，作者建議年輕的專業(yè)人士去上表演課。故選A。

C

HighintheSwissAlpsandtheArctic,scientistshavediscoveredmicrobes（微生物）thatcandigestplastics-

importantly,withouttheneedtoapplyextraheat.Theirfindings,publishedinthejournalFrontiersinMicrobiology,

couldonedayimproveplasticrecycling.

Ifsnosecretthatplasticpollutionisstillabig,globalissue.Sinceitsproductionexplodedduringandafter

WorldWarII,humanshavecreatedmorethan9.1billiontonsofplastic一andresearchersestimatethatlessthan

onetenthoftheresultingwastehasbeenrecycled.Tomakemattersworse,themostmonrecyclingoption——when

plasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts——doesn'tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterials

areoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.

So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—and

oneprocessthey'veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplasticdigesting

microbescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,the

amountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveofFmorecarbon一andcostmore

money.

ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereableto

breakdownbiodegradable（可生物降解的）plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,coauthorJoelRiithi

andhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreak

downaformofplasticcalledpolyesterpolyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplastic

mixtures.

Unfortunately,theplasticsthatthemicrobespartiallydegradedrepresenta“reallysmallamountofplasticsin

circulation,saidGavinLear,anenvironmentalmicrobiologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Lear

acknowledgedthatusingnaturalmicrobescanprovideaheadstartwhenitestodesigningastrategyfor

biorecycling.Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnonbiodegradablematerials,t4andwestarttousemoreof

thesebiodegradableplastics,thenit'sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey'relessofan

environmentalproblem,heconcluded.

8.Whatdoweknowabouttheconventionalrecycling?

AItdoesnotliveuptoexpectations.B.Itcontributestomorewaste.

C.Itisnotaspopularasbefore.D.Itensuresnewproductquality.

9.Whichbestdescribesthemethodofusingthemicrobesinthepreviousstudies?

A.Impractical.B.PioneeringC.Reliable.D.Invaluable.

10.Whyisthenewstudymentionedinparagraph4?

AToprovethemicrobeshaveanobvioustastepreference.

B.Toshowthefindingopensdoorstoamoreefficientsystem.

C.Toclarifyhowtheprocessofbreakingdownplasticsworks.

D.Toexplainwhybiorecyclingisbetterthanconventionalrecycling.

11.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“headstarf,inparagraph5mean?

A.Reward.B.Criterion.C.Protection.D.Advantage.

【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在瑞士阿爾卑斯山和北極的高處，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以消化塑料的微生物一一

重要的是，不需要額外的加熱。他們的研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《微生物學(xué)前沿》雜志上，有朝一日可能會(huì)改善塑

料回收。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tomakemattersworse,themostmonrecyclingoption-whenplasticiswashed,

processedandturnedintonewproducts-doesn'tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflower

qualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.（更糟糕的是，最常見的回收選擇---將塑料清洗、加工

并變成新產(chǎn)品一一實(shí)際上并沒有減少浪費(fèi)：回收的材料通常質(zhì)量較低，最終可能還是會(huì)被扔進(jìn)垃圾填埋場(chǎng)）”

可知，傳統(tǒng)的回收沒有達(dá)到人們的期望。故選A。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段uSo,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyond

conventionalrecycling-andoneprocessthey'veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.

Buttheknownplasticdigestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.When

doneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoff

morecarbon-andcostmoremoney.（因止匕研究人員正在尋找超越傳統(tǒng)回收的塑料問題的解決方案，他們已

經(jīng)試驗(yàn)了一種方法，即用微生物分解塑料。但已知的塑料消化微生物只能在85華氏度以上的溫暖溫度下進(jìn)

行。當(dāng)在工業(yè)規(guī)模上進(jìn)行時(shí)，產(chǎn)生這么多熱量所需的能量會(huì)使該過程釋放更多的碳，并花費(fèi)更多的錢）”可

推知，之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切實(shí)際的。故選A。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcooler

temperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable（可生物降解的）plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.In

thenewstudy,coauthorJoelRiithiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19

weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyesterpolyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwo

typesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.（但在北極和瑞士阿爾卑斯山發(fā)現(xiàn)的微生物可以在更低的溫度下工作：

它們能夠在59華氏度的溫度下分解可生物降解的塑料。在這項(xiàng)新研究中，合著者JoelRiithi和他的同事們

發(fā)現(xiàn)，在總共34種被檢測(cè)的微生物中，19種能夠成功地分解一種叫做聚酯聚氨酯的塑料，17種可以分解

兩種可生物降解的塑料混合物）”可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)檢測(cè)到微生物可以分解更多的塑料，結(jié)合第三段提到之前研

究中使用微生物的方法是不切實(shí)際的，可推知，第4段提到了這項(xiàng)新研究是為了表明這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為更有效的

系統(tǒng)打開了大門。故選B。

【11題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnonbiodegradablematerials,t4andwe

starttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit'sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklyso

they'relessofanenvironmentalproblem,heconcluded.（如果我們不再使用傳統(tǒng)的不可生物降解的材料，“我

們開始更多地使用這些可生物降解的塑料，那么我們知道如何更快地降解它們，從而減少環(huán)境問題，這是

件好事，”他總結(jié)道）”可知，GavinLear提到如果我們不再使用傳統(tǒng)的不可生物降解的材料，我們開始更

多地使用這些可生物降解的塑料，那么我們知道如何更快地降解它們，從而減少環(huán)境問題，由此說明使用

天然微生物具有良好的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故劃線詞意思是“優(yōu)勢(shì)”。故選D。

D

ApairofresearcherswithLeibnizUniversityofHannoverhasdemonstratedthemeansbywhichrobotsmight

beprogrammedtoexperiencesomethingsimilartopaininanimals.Aspartoftheirdemonstrationatlastweek's

IEEEInternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAutomationheldinStockholm,JohannesKuehnandSami

Haddaddinshowedhowpainmightbeusedinrobots,byinteractingwithaBioTacfingertipsensorontheendofa

Kukaroboticarmthathadbeenprogrammedtoreactdifferentlytodifferingamountsofpain.

Theideaofdevelopinganartificialrobotnervoussystemmayseemcontrarytoallexpectations,butKuehn

saysdoingsoisimportantinthesamewaythatitisgoodforhumanstofeelpain."Painisasystemthatprotectsus,“

saysKuehn."Whenweavoidthesourceofpain,ithelpsusnotgethurt.^^Sowhenrobotscanfeelandreacttopain,

theywillbeesmartenoughtoavoidit.Themoredangeroustherobotregistersthethreattobe,thefasteritwill

withdrawandavoidthesourceofdanger.Additionally,KuehnandHaddadinsayhumansworkingalongsiderobots

thatfeelpain,especiallythoseinheavymachinery,willbeprotectedaroundthem.

Theyhavetestedoutsomeoftheirideasusingaroboticarmwithafingertipsensorthatcandetectpressure

andtemperature.Itusesarobottissuepatch（小片）modeledonhumanskintodecidehowmuchpainshouldbefelt

andthuswhatactiontotake.Forexample,ifthearmfeelslightpain,itslowlywithdrawsuntilthepainstops,and

thenreturnstoitsoriginaltask;severepain,meanwhile,causesthearmtogointoakindoflockdownmodeuntilit

cangethelpfromahumanoperator.

Suchrobotsarelikelytoraiseahostofquestions,ofcourse,iftheybeemoremon-ifarobotactsthesame

wayahumandoeswhentouchingahotplate,arewetobelieveitistrulyexperiencingpain?Onlytimewilltellof

course,butonethingthatisevident,KuehnandHaddadin'sworkcouldleadtorobotsthataremorehumanlikethan

ever.

12.Whatdowelearnabouttherobotsinthedemonstration?

A.Theycanlearnskillslikeanimals.B.Theycanmunicatewithpeople.

C.Theyhavetheabilitytofeelpain.D.Theyresponddifferentlytorequests.

13.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thesignificanceofteachingrobotstofeelpain.

B.Theprincipleofrobots'avoidanceofinjuries.

C.Theanalysisoftheartificialrobotnervoussystem.

D.Thevalueofprotectinghumanworkersfrominjury.

14.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph3?

A.Therobotissmartenoughtocarryoutdifferenttasks.

B.Therobotcanhardlyworkaswellasahumanoperator.

C.Therobotcanreactdifferentlybasedondegreesofpain.

D.Therobotistolerantofchangesofpressureandtemperature.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardKuehnandHaddadin'sstudy?

A.Dismissive.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Optimistic.

【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可以感知疼痛的機(jī)器人，解釋了教會(huì)機(jī)器人感知疼痛的意

義以及機(jī)器人可以根據(jù)疼痛程度做出不同的反應(yīng)。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Aspartoftheirdemonstrationatlastweek'sIEEEInternationalConferenceon

RoboticsandAutomationheldinStockholm,JohannesKuehnandSamiHaddaddinshowedhowpainmightbe

usedinrobots,byinteractingwithaBioTacfingertipsensorontheendofaKukaroboticarmthathadbeen

programmedtoreactdifferentlytodifferingamountsofpain.（上周在斯德哥爾摩舉行的IEEE機(jī)器人與自動(dòng)化國(guó)

際會(huì)議上，JohannesKuehn和SamiHaddaddin展示了疼痛如何應(yīng)用于機(jī)器人，通過與Kuka機(jī)械臂末端的

BioTac指尖傳感器進(jìn)行交互，該傳感器已被編程為對(duì)不同程度的疼痛做出不同的反應(yīng)）”可知，演示中的機(jī)

器人有感覺疼痛的能力。故選C。

【13題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Theideaofdevelopinganartificialrobotnervoussystemmayseemcontrarytoall

expectations,butKuehnsaysdoingsoisimportantinthesamewaythatitisgoodforhumanstofeelpain."Painis

asystemthatprotectsus,“saysKuehn.4<Whenweavoidthesourceofpain,ithelpsusnotgethurt.^^Sowhen

robotscanfeelandreacttopain,theywillbeesmartenoughtoavoidit.Themoredangeroustherobotregistersthe

threattobe,thefasteritwillwithdrawandavoidthesourceofdanger.Additionally,KuehnandHaddadinsay

humansworkingalongsiderobotsthatfeelpain,especiallythoseinheavymachinery,willbeprotectedaround

them.（開發(fā)人工機(jī)器人神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的想法似乎與所有人的期望相反，但庫(kù)恩說，這樣做很重要，就像人類感覺

疼痛一樣。“疼痛是一種保護(hù)我們的系統(tǒng)，”庫(kù)恩說?！爱?dāng)我們避開痛苦的根源時(shí)，它就能幫助我們不受

傷?！币虼?，當(dāng)機(jī)器人能夠感受到疼痛并做出反應(yīng)時(shí)，它們將變得足夠聰明，能夠避免疼痛。機(jī)器人發(fā)現(xiàn)

的威脅越危險(xiǎn)，它就會(huì)越快地撤離并避開危險(xiǎn)源。此外，Kuehn和hadadin說，人類和機(jī)器人一起工作，尤

其是那些在重型機(jī)械上工作的機(jī)器人，將會(huì)受到保護(hù)）”可知，第二段主要講的是教會(huì)機(jī)器人感知疼痛的意

義。故選A。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Forexample,ifthearmfeelslightpain,itslowlywithdrawsuntilthepainstops,and

thenreturnstoitsoriginaltask;severepain,meanwhile,causesthearmtogointoakindoflockdownmodeuntilit

cangethelpfromahumanoperator.（例如，如果手臂感到輕微疼痛，它就會(huì)慢慢退縮，直到疼痛停止，然后再

回到原來的工作中；與此同時(shí)，劇烈的疼痛會(huì)導(dǎo)致手臂進(jìn)入一種鎖定模式，直到它能得到人類操作員的幫

助）”可知，機(jī)器人可以根據(jù)疼痛程度做出不同的反應(yīng)。故選C。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段uOnlytimewilltellofcourse,butonethingthatisevident,KuehnandHaddadin^

workcouldleadtorobotsthataremorehumanlikethanever.（當(dāng)然，只有時(shí)間才能告訴我們答案，但有一件事

是顯而易見的，庫(kù)恩和哈達(dá)丁的工作可能會(huì)讓機(jī)器人變得比以往任何時(shí)候都更像人類）”可推知，作者對(duì)庫(kù)

恩和哈達(dá)丁的研究持樂觀態(tài)度。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whensomethinggoeswrong,doyoutendtobouncebackorfallapart?Herearesomestrategicstohelpyou

manageapersonalsetback（挫折）andgetbackontracktowardachievingyourgoal.

?Realizeifsnormal.Lessthan20percentofpeoplesuccessfullyachievetheirgoalthefirsttimearound.Ifs

normalandexpectedforsetbackstooccur.16Knowingthis,it'simportanttoanticipatethatthemaintask

willbehowtoeffectivelymanagethesetbackwhenitarises.

?Don'tdenyit.Sometimesit'shardtorecognizeasetback.Theproblemcanbestaringyourightintheface,

butyoumaydenythere'sanycauseforalarm.17Thisinabilitytoacknowledgetheproblemdoesn,tmean

you'restupid.Ifsjustthatdenialcancloudyourawarenessoftheissue.Ifsimportanttobereceptivetothehonest

feedback.

18Stopandconsidercarefullywhatwentwrong.Themostmoncausesofasetbackarepersonal

worries,overconfidence,andpoorcopingskills.Takealookatanyfactorthatmayhavecontributedtothesetback:

whereyouwere,whoyouwerewith,whatyouwerethinkingandfeeling.

?Learnfromit.Learnfromyouranalysisofthesetback,andadjustyourplantotrytopreventsimilarthings

fromhappeningthenexttime.Eachtimeyoufinetuneyourplanandputitintoactionagain,youactuallyimprove

youroddsofeventualsuccess.19

Remindyourselfthatyoursetbackisaslipinsteadofafall.20Afteradjusting,youcanstillmake

progresstowardsuccessagain.

A.Don'ttakeitseriously.

B.Analyzewhathappened.

C.Youhaven'tlostalloftheknowledge,skills,andsupport.

D.Inotherwords,it'snotwhetherachallengewillhappen,butit'swhen.

E.Thisisbecauseyoulearnfromeachmissteptomakeyourplanmoreeffective.

F.Friendsorfamilywillvoicetheirconcerns,butyoustillmaynotbeabletoacceptit.

G.Youmightevenwriteaboutpastexperiencesinajournaltoguideyourfuturebehavior.

【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.E20.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一些有助于處理個(gè)人挫折并回到實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的軌道上的策略。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)前文“Lessthan20percentofpeoplesuccessfullyachievetheirgoalthefirsttimearound.Ifsnormaland

expectedforsetbackstooccur.（只有不到20%的人第一次就成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的目標(biāo)。出現(xiàn)挫折是正常的，也是

意料之中的。）”可知，此處是指挫折大概率是會(huì)發(fā)生的，只是早晚的區(qū)別，所以選項(xiàng)D“換句話說，挑戰(zhàn)

是否會(huì)發(fā)生并不重要，重要的是何時(shí)發(fā)生?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選D。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)前文uSometimesifshardtorecognizeasetback.Theproblemcanbestaringyourightintheface,butyou

maydenythere'sanycauseforalarm.（有時(shí)候很難察覺到挫折。問題可能就在你眼前，但你可能會(huì)否認(rèn)有任何

驚慌的理由。）”可知，此處是指即使朋友或家人提醒你也可能無法承認(rèn)問題的存在，所以選項(xiàng)F“朋友或

家人會(huì)表達(dá)他們的擔(dān)憂，但你可能仍然無法接受?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選F。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)后文"Stopandconsidercarefullywhatwentwrong.（停下來仔細(xì)想想哪里出了問題。）”可知，此處是指

分析發(fā)生的事情，所以選項(xiàng)B“分析發(fā)生了什么。”切合文意。故選B。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)前文“Learnfromit.Learnfromyouranalysisofthesetback,andadjustyourplantotrytopreventsimilar

thingsfromhappeningthenexttime.Eachtimeyoufinetuneyourplanandputitintoactionagain,youactually

improveyouroddsofeventualsuccess.（從中吸取教訓(xùn)。從你對(duì)挫折的分析中學(xué)習(xí)，調(diào)整你的計(jì)劃，盡量防止

類似的事情再次發(fā)生。每次你調(diào)整你的計(jì)劃并再次付諸行動(dòng)，你實(shí)際上提高了最終成功的幾率。）”可知，

此處是指從挫折中吸取的教訓(xùn)會(huì)讓你的計(jì)劃更高效，所以選項(xiàng)E“這是因?yàn)槟銖拿恳粋€(gè)錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，使你的

計(jì)劃更有效。”切合文意。故選E。

[20題詳解】

根據(jù)前文"Remindyourselfthatyoursetbackisaslipinsteadofafall.（提醒自己，你的挫折是一次滑倒，而不

是跌倒。）"和后文"Afteradjusting,youcanstillmakeprogresstowardsuccessagain.（調(diào)整之后，你仍然可以

再次向成功邁進(jìn)。）”可知，此處是講即使面對(duì)挫折你仍然具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以選項(xiàng)C“你并沒有失去所有的

知識(shí)、技能和支持?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選C。

第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

AbigailAdjiritookpartinapetitionforkidsaged7through12.She,atonly,hastakenGhanaby21,

winningoverviewerswithherimpressivedancemoves.It'snot22formostpeopletobeeskilleddancers,

especiallyforlittl