英語語音知識(shí)

1.元音：

單元音（12）：/i:/i/e/[?]/a:/□/9:/u/u:/A/?/?/

雙元音（8）：/ei/ai/7）i/i9/u9/G/9u/au/

2.輔音：（24）

按聲帶震動(dòng)與否為：

清音：/p/t/k/f/s/1/h/0/tf/tr/ts/

濁音：/b/d/g/v/z/m/n/1/8/tfe/dr/dz/r/w/j/I/

3.音節(jié)；

一個(gè)元音，或一個(gè)元音和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音音素結(jié)合稱為音節(jié)。[m,n,1,N]和輔音音素結(jié)合，也可以構(gòu)

成一個(gè)音節(jié)。

有幾個(gè)元音就有幾個(gè)音節(jié)。

開音節(jié)：

絕對(duì)開音節(jié)：輔音字母+元音字母

相對(duì)開音節(jié)：元音字母+輔音字母（除r）+e（不發(fā)音）

在重讀開音節(jié)中，元音字母都讀作字母的發(fā)音。

閉音節(jié)：

元音字母+輔音字母（除r）

在重讀閉音節(jié)中，元音字母a讀作/A/,e讀作/e/,1（丫）讀作/1/,。讀作/R/,u讀作/u/或/Q/.

（重讀閉音節(jié)三要素：1.必須是重讀音節(jié)；2.最后只有一個(gè)輔音字母；3.元音字母發(fā)短元音。）

音節(jié)的劃分

①在兩個(gè)音節(jié)的相鄰處有兩個(gè)輔音時(shí)，一個(gè)輔音屬于前面的音節(jié),一個(gè)屬于后面的音節(jié)。

例如：let-termem-berchil-drendaugh-ter

②在兩個(gè)音節(jié)的相鄰處只有一個(gè)逋萱時(shí)，如果前面音節(jié)里的元音是是意則軸意屬于后面一個(gè)音節(jié)，

如果前面一個(gè)音節(jié)里的元音是短童，則輔字組屬于前面一個(gè)音節(jié)。

例如：長音pa-perstu-dentfa-therze-romo-torfar-ther

短音sev-enstud-ymoth-erver-ymod-leweath-er

字母組合不能分開，必須劃在一個(gè)音節(jié)內(nèi)，如：ch,th,sh,ph,tr,dr

4.單詞重音：

在多音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)詞中，有一個(gè)讀得特別響亮的音節(jié)，叫做重讀音節(jié)。除了一些復(fù)合詞外，一般

說來，每個(gè)單詞只有一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)，重讀音節(jié)用重音符號(hào)來表示。單音節(jié)詞不標(biāo)重音符號(hào)，

但必須重讀。

雙音節(jié)詞重讀規(guī)則雙音節(jié)詞的第一個(gè)音節(jié)通常是重讀音節(jié)。

例如：'stu-dent'Chi-na'sec-ond'au-tumnin-/deed

含有a-be-de-re-in-ex-等前綴的雙音節(jié)詞往往是在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上重讀。雙音節(jié)詞的重讀位置

不會(huì)因增加前綴或后綴而發(fā)生改變。例如：

a'boutbe'foreex'cusere'pairfor-'get-fulin-'ven-tor

多音節(jié)詞重讀規(guī)則多音節(jié)詞通常在倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。

例如："el-e-phantcon-grat-u-la-tion

詞尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的詞，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的-?個(gè)音節(jié)上重讀。例如：scien'tificim'pression

'nation

英語的基本拼讀規(guī)則

總規(guī)則：1.元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)中一般讀“字母”音；在閉音節(jié)中讀“短”音

2.元音字組在非重讀音節(jié)中讀191音或川

但：yellowsparrowtomorroweveryday[ei]handbag[as]blackboard[。:1

1.元音字母a及其字母組合的讀音

元音字母和

讀音說明例詞例夕卜

字母組合

have[ae]operateliberatehibernate[ei]

[ei]在重讀開音節(jié)中g(shù)rade,face,table,name

hesitatecelebtate

map,practice,that,plan,

lae]在重讀閉音節(jié)中

hand

a

[31w+awatch,what,wash,walletwater[3:]

answer,grant,class?grasp,

[?：]a-n,ssspskstthfsand,standlandband固

basket,fost,bath,after

[e：]manyany

[ei]在重讀音節(jié)中straight,afraid,paint,rain

ai,ayMonday_，mountain，

[i]在非重讀音節(jié)中weekday(ei]birthday!ei]

holiday,captain

air[ea]在重讀音節(jié)中repair,chair,hair,stair

O：]在n./v.中chalk?call,small,walktalk

al[3：1]在副詞中also,always,already,salt[9:l]

[a：]a-f/mhalf;calm

[a：]在重讀音節(jié)中party,artist,form,card

arvarious

⑶w/wh-arWar,warm,toward,quarter

are[￡?]在重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)lare,care,stare,dare

au/augh陽August,autumncausecaughtaunt,laugh[a:]Australia[7)]

aw陽draw,law,saw

2.元音字母e及其字母組合的讀音

元音字母和

讀音說明例詞例夕卜

字母組合

[i：l在重讀開音節(jié)中complete,even,these,

e

lej在重讀閉音節(jié)中better,enter,freshprettyliJ

lejbreath,head,ready,dead

breathe，season,least,deal,meant[e]dreamt

[i：J

eamean

［冏really,real,theatre,idearealityocean

[ei]great,break

ee[i：Jgreet,deep,keep,meet

[i：]receive,seize,ceilingheight[hait]either

ei/s/-ei

/ei/eight

元音字母和

讀音說明例詞例夕卜

字母組合

er［閉在重讀音節(jié)中verb,her,term,serveclerk[a:]

[iA]dear,clear,near,hearheard[A:]

ear［閨search,learn,earth,earnheart[a:]

[ea]bear,wear,pear

eer[ifl]pioneer,deerengineer

Uu:]few,new

ew

M1,r,j-ewblew,threw,grew,Jewsew[ou]

前面是清輔音jumped,talked,worked,helped

-ed[t]

（［t］除外）

前面是濁輔音（［d］loved,answered,closed,stayed

[d]

除外）或元音

[id]前面是［t］或［d］needed,shouted,skated

3.元音字母i及］與字母組合的讀音

元音字母和

讀音說明例詞例外

字母組合

fail在重讀開音節(jié)中Friday,fine,drivegive,live,lively,satellite

wildfwaild]wind,climb,

i(y)[i]在重讀閉音節(jié)中strict,think,artist

sign(signal),design

[i：]machine,police

[ai]在重讀詞尾lie,tie,die,pie

iefriend[e]quietfair^],society,

[i：]believe,piece,field

experience

irR：1girl,bird,first?birth

igh[aijfight,right,tight,night

ild[aild]wild,child,mild

ire[aiW]admire,hire,fire,entire

ind[aind]behind,find,kindwind[wind]

>ngmising,ring

4.元音字母。及其字母組合的讀音

元音字母和

讀音說明例詞例外

字母組合

spoke,pole,noteimprove[im5pru:v],,love|AlgonefO]

在重讀開音節(jié)中

[OU]envelope,piano_,photo_,whose[hu:z],lose[lu:zj,tomb[tu:m],

在某些詞的詞尾

radioprove[pru:v]

0

[□]在重讀閉音節(jié)中monument,along,shop,cloth

W-m,n,v,thworry,another,son,monkeydonkey,nonsense[0]

[u]woman,wolf,into

oa[OU]coat,boat,road,coalbroad[9:]

oi，oy[Oi]noise,enjoy>choice,boy

結(jié)尾wool

school,soon,fool,

[u：]濁輔音?oo-清輔音

food,roof,boot

/清-oo-濁

00

oo-kbook,look,shootlu：!troop

[u]

清-oo清/濁濁good,foot,good,wood比較：loose〃lose

[A]flood,blood

[3：]在重讀音節(jié)中worn,horse

or

［閉w-orworld,work,worse

[au]mouse,ground，south

[ou]soul,shoulder,though

OU[u]should,could,would

[u：]youth,group,wound

[A]trouble,touch,country,enoughcough(31

[au]down,town,how,allowknowledge。

ow

[ou]snow,grow,window

ough[□：]bought>thought,oughtploughlplaulthrough!u:]

[aua]在重讀音節(jié)中flour,hour,ourtourltu^l

our

⑶在重讀音節(jié)中four,pour,coursejourneyf^:]

5.元音字母u及其字母組合的讀音

元音字母和

讀音說明例詞例夕卜

字母組合

Liu:]在重讀開音節(jié)中student,use,pupil,hugesugar[u]

u[Al在重讀閉音節(jié)中but,cut,up,hurrytruthfu:1busy[i]

倒在某些非重讀音節(jié)中autumn,difficult,successinstitute[ju:],communism

ur冏hurt,nurse,turn,burnhurry[A]

ureLjua]pure,cure,sure[uA]

6.輔音字母的讀音

輔音字母和

讀音說明例詞例夕卜

字母組合

IbJbikebusbag

b

[/]bombtomb

[k]cakepicturecoatmusic

c

IsJc-e/i/yfacedecidecinema

ch[V]muchchickrichteacher

[klschoolheadachechemistry

MlmachineChicago

-ck[k]cockpocketblackknock

dId]doctorbreadhandday

-dgeI*]bridgefridge

dr-[dr]childrendriverdrink

f田fivefourbreakfast

⑼baggardongo

g閩-eorangelargeGerman

[flcoughenough

gh[/]lightdaughterhigh

⑼在詞首/詞尾guessleaguedialogue

gu--gue

[9w]在詞中l(wèi)anguage

[h]hotheadhousehand

h

[/]hourhonest

j陶jeepjarjokejoinJuly

k[klkindbikeskatemakeweek

kn-[n]knifeknowknock

1[1]lifemilkschooltall

mImJmonkeycomeautumn

-mnImJautumncolumnsolemn

n[n]notshinetennote

[H]n-[k]/[g]unclethankhungry

-ngElmorningyoungwrong

P（Plpaperplanepigshippen

ph[flelephantphototelephone

q[k]Iraq

qu-[kw]qualityquite

r[r]redrubberruler

purposehouse（s）promiseinsist

IsJ在詞首或清輔音前sitsleepdesk

s（詞中）basinperson

[z]元音字母間或濁輔音前musichusband

IsJ清輔音之后Stops,books

[z]濁輔音/元音之后Zoos,questions

S（詞尾）

LizJ[I,s,V]-esBoxes,watches

l&z]th-sbathsmouthsyouthsmaths[0s]monthslengths

clothesf8z]clothing[8i0]

[sk]Scare

[s]musclescience

sh[I]shefishshirtwash

Un]輔音-sionImpression,comprehension

sion

[3n]元音字母-sionvisiondecisionoccasion

tion[fn]Nation,revolution

s-tionQuestion,suggestion

t[tjtenlettermeet

tch[V]watch

th[6]實(shí)詞中thinthirtymethodsmooth

[61在虛詞中/-[9]thethesewithmotherthis

tr-[tr]treetraincountrytruck

V[v]veryvoiceloveleave

w[w]weekwinwakesweetwait

[/]answertwo

wh-[wjwhatwhenwhitewhy

[h]wh-owhowhosewhole

X[ks]boxtextexercise

[gz]examleexistexact

wr-[r]write

y-UIyesyardyellowyoung

z[z]puzzlezerozoo

單詞辨音練習(xí)

1.honestA.hopeB.holidayC.helloD.hotel

2.importantA.informationB.neighbourC.performD.forbid

3.fatherA.fosterB.famousC.fallD.factory

4.admitA.bicycleB.activeC.besideD.knife

5.endeavourA.journeyB.courseC.courtD.honour

6.headacheA.cheatB.machineC.schoolD.cheery

7.southernA.thirteenB.southC.fourthD.neither

8.wholeA.wheatB.whileC.whoseD.white

9.exactlyA.exerciseB.exceptC.expectD.examination

10.heavyA.breakB.breadC.dealD.cheap

11.travelerA.serviceB.performanceC.certainD.servant

12.aroundA.moustacheB.announceC.groupD.young

13.freshA.electricB.escapeC.equalityD.entire

14.certainlyA.relyB.reallyC.terrifyD.try

15.conditionA.suggestionB.questionC.conclusionD.congratulal

16.climbA.beautyB.combC.borderD.behind

17.remainA.BritainB.certainC.explainD.captain

18.removedA.sufferedB.laughedC.advancedD.shocked

19.dollarsA.rooftB.pillowsC.groupsD.ports

20.laughterA.enoughB.thoughtC.ploughD.through

21.courageA.groundB.doubleC.loudD.mouth

22.brownA.lowB.townC.knowD.knowledge

23.studentA.busyB.rulerC.JulyD.music

24.waistA.portraitB.captainC.BritainD.plain

25.strengthA.batheB.thoughC.breatheD.mouth

26.termA.understandB.whisperC.waterD.certainly

27.bearA.nearB.searchC.earlyD.pear

28.oceanA.concertB.centuryC.officialD.coast

29.sewA.resultB.sawC.sureD.sugar

30.saltA.chajkB.calmC.almostD.half

31.languageA.danceB.trunkC.manyD.money

32.compareA.scareB.inspireC.admireD.enquire

33.advancedA.entranceB.saluteC.fortunateD.task

34.lockA.proveB.LondonC.longerD.lonely

35.CanadaA.majorityB.balanceC.advancedD.dangerous

36.feverA.presidentB.electricC.freshD.frequently

37.cousinA.thirstyB.resistC.anxiousD.universe

38.wormA.lordB.stormC.worryD.worthy

39.trousersA.dozensB.requestsC.desksD.lakes

40.praiseA.fajryB.remainC.saidD.prajrie

41.AprilA.parentB.basinC.graspD.wallet

42.excuseA.useB.truthC.truckD.jump

43.possibleA.electricB.expensiveC.techniqueD.electricity

44.foreignA.ceilingB.volleyballC.weightD.receive

45.academyA.reciteB.recognizeC.freshD.cruelty

46.whoseA.townB.whomC.wonderD.woman

47.towerA.tomorrowB.throwC.slowlyD.how

48.pleasantA.pleasedB.pleasureC.peacefulD.break

49.nationA.natureB.naturalC.nationalD.candle

50.repeatA.alreadyB.breadC.defeatD.great

51.monthA.governmentB.commonC.alongD.monument

52.absorbA.wormB.favorC.northD.emperor

53.foughtA.broughtB.roughC.countryD.trouble

54.pauseA.restaurantB.auntC.mauveD.automobile

55.watchedA.realizedB.practisedC.whisperedD.pleased

56.revisionA.possessionB.expressionC.televisionD.permission

57.objectA.motherB.oceanC.observeD.obvious

58.telegraphA.grammarB.breakfastC.broadcastD.manage

59.dutyA.educationB.rulerC.blueD.jump

60.silenceA.practiseB.silkC.decideD.astonish

61.patjentA.friendB.achieveC.fieldD.ancient

62.ThursdayA.surroundB.nurseC.surpriseD.pursuit

63.hourA.journeyB.courtC.tourD.ourselves

64.chocolateA.machineB.cheekC.characterD.stomach

65.strengthA.northernB.worthyC.theoryD.thus

66.passengerA.vegetableB.guessC.figureD.together

67.throughoutA.naughtyB.coughC.enoughD.laugh

68.questionA.resolutionB.revisionC.suggestionD.possess