現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)第2頁共9頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)1、概念：表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響，這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)也可能已經(jīng)結(jié)束，也可能還要繼續(xù)下去。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have

/

has

+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)用has,其余人稱用have。否定句在助動(dòng)詞have/

has

后加not

；

疑問句則把助動(dòng)詞Have/

Has

提放到主語之前。如：I

have

worked

here

for

ten

years

.

She

hasn't

been

to

the

Great

Wall

.

Have

you

been

to

Beijing

?3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法（1）、表示過去某時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already,

yet,

just

,

ever,

never…..before,

this

morning,

now

,

today

,

so

far

,

in

the

last/

past+時(shí)間段、over

+時(shí)間段,

recently，by+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間等連用如：Tom

has

already

finished

his

homework.

We

have

had

two

classes

this

morning.（2）、表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for

引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間或since

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)間狀語從句連用。如：Mr

Green

has

lived

in

China

for

five

months.Mr

Green

has

lived

in

China

since

five

months

ago.Mr

Green

has

lived

in

China

since

he

came

to

China.4、have/

has

been

to

與

have/

has

gone

to

區(qū)別（1）、

have/

has

been

to

表曾去過某地（現(xiàn)在已不在該地），其后可接表次數(shù)的時(shí)間名詞。如：Have

they

been

to

E'mei

Mountain?（2）、have/

has

gone

to

表示去某地了（現(xiàn)在不在說話的現(xiàn)場），其后不能用任何時(shí)間名詞。如：Where

is

Jim

?

He

has

gone

to

the

library.（3）、have/

has

been

in

/at表曾在某地住過、停留過，其后常跟for

或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。如：I

have

been

at

that

village

for

ten

years.5、短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用（1）、在肯定句中，不能和for,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，也不能用在how

long引起的特殊疑問句中。(2).

凡是"完成時(shí)態(tài)"都表示，不知道也不管動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間,

所以在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里，不可以帶有表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語，如：yesterday

,

last

week

(

month

,

year

,

etc.

)

,

two

weeks

ago

,

in

1999等；但常和有些副詞連用，如：

just

,

before

,

already

,

often

,

never

,

ever

,

not…yet

,

always等等。(3).

在以when提問的特殊疑問中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。另外，ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里，因?yàn)樗硎緩默F(xiàn)在算起的以前某個(gè)時(shí)間，屬于表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語。但是可以用before

來表示"以前"的意義，因?yàn)樗槐硎?以前"，而不知什么時(shí)候的以前。（4）、大部分短暫性動(dòng)詞可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來表達(dá)相同或相近的意思，常用的列舉如下：borrow

/lend→keep

buy

→have

leave

→be

away(

from)

die

→be

deadjoin

→be

in

/

be

a

member

of

get

to

know

→know

begin

→be

oncome

→be

/

live

/

stay

put

on

→wear

catch

a

cold

→have

a

coldget/go

to

sleep/

fall

asleep

→sleep,

be

asleep

get

up

/

wake

up

→be

upgo

to

school

→be

at

school

get/

receive

(接收）→havehear

from

→have

a

letter

from

go

/

come

/

arrive

/get(到達(dá))/reach

→be(in/at)finish

→be

over(5)、句型1：It

is

/

has

been

+時(shí)間段+since

+句子（過去時(shí)態(tài)）It

is

five

years

since

he

came

to

China.句型2：

It’s

[will

be]

the

first

time

that…(第一次…)：It’s

the

first

time

I’ve

come

here.

這是我第一次來這兒?！咀⒁狻恳话氵^去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。試比較：I

saw

this

film

yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）I

have

seen

this

film.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化分類記憶表一、

ABB型（過去分詞與過去式一樣）1、sleep

slept

sweep

–swept

keep

–kept2、burn

burnt

mean

–meant3、bring—brought

fight

–fought

buy

–boughtteach

–taught

think

–thought

catch—caught4、lend

–lent

build

built

send

–sent

spend

–spentfind

–found

hold

held5、feel

felt

smell

–smelt

meet

–met

get

–got

sit

–sat

leave

–leftlose

lost6、sell—sold

tell

told

say

said

stand

stood

win

wonunderstand

–understood

make

made二、

ABC型（過去分詞=

動(dòng)詞原形+n

/

en

）1、blow

–blew

blown

grow

grew

–grown

know

knew

–knownthrow

threw

thrown

draw

drew

–drawn

show

showed

shown2、drive

drove

driven

rise

–rose

risen

give

gave

givensee

saw

seen

take

took

taken3、mistake

mistook

mistaken

eat

ate

eaten

beat

–beat

beaten4、fallfell

fallen

ride

rode

riden

write

wrote

writen三、

ABC型（過去分詞=過去式+n）break--broke--broken

choose--chose--chosen

speak

spoke

spoken四、

ABC型（動(dòng)詞原形、過去式、過去分詞的元音字母呈iau

變化）begin

began

begun

drink

drank

drunk

ring

rang

–rung五、

ABC型（原形、過去式、過去分詞各不一樣）am/

is

was

been

are

were

been

fly

flewflownlie

lay

lain

do

did

done

go

went

gonewear

wore

worn六、

ABA型（過去分詞與原形一樣）become

became

become

come

came

come

run

ran

run七、

AAA型

cut

hit

hurt

let

put

read八、

ABB型（兩種形式）hang

hung

/

hanged

--hung

/

hanged

learn

--learned

/

learnt

--learned

/

learntshine

--shone

/

shined

--shone

/

shined

smell

--smelt

/

smelled

--smelt

/smelled現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)點(diǎn)段動(dòng)詞選擇題1、The

train

_____for

a

long

time

.

A.has

been

away

B.

has

left

C.left2、My

brother

_____for

a

week.

A.

has

had

a

cold

B.

caught

a

cold

C.

has

caught

a

cold3、--Where

is

Jim?

--He

___the

library.

A.has

gone

to

B.

has

been

to

C.

went4、They

___friends

since

they

met

in

Shanghai.

A.

have

made

B.

have

become

C.

have

been5、Tom's

brother

____for

three

years

.A.

has

joined

the

army

B.

has

been

in

the

army

C.became

a

solider6、Mr

Brown

____the

car

for

three

months

.

A.

bought

B.

has

had

C.

has

bought7、How

long

have

you

____here?

A.

been

B.

gone

C.

arrived8、Our

maths

teacher

has

___Australia

for

a

week.

A.

gone

to

B.

been

in

C.

been

to9、Her

grandma

has

____

for

three

years.

A.

died

B.

been

dead

C.

dead10、The

film

has

____for

half

an

hour.

A.

begun

B.

began

C.

been

on11、I'll

lend

you

mu

dictionary

,but

you

can

only

____it

for

one

day.

A.

keep

B.

borrow

C.

lend12、It

has

rained

____three

days

ago.

A.

since

B.

for

C.

/13、I

won't

go

to

see

the

film

because

I

_____it

twice.

A.

see

B.

saw

C.

have

seen14、The

factory

has

been

here

since

it

______.

A.

opens

B.

opened

C.

open15、He's

never

been

to

the

Great

Wall

,_____?

A.

isn't

he

B.

hasn't

he

C.

has

he16、Tom

has

visited

his

uncle_____.

A.

yesterday

B.

tomorrow

C.

today17、I

haven't

had

lunch

_____.

A.

already

B.

yet

C.

still18、____has

he

stayed

in

that

city?

For

two

weeks.

A.

How

long

B.When

C.

How

often19、I

have

seen

the

film

"Titannic"

already

.

When

____you

____it

?A.

have

,

seen

B.

did

,

see

C.

did

,

seen20.I

have

____finished

my

homework

,

but

Tom

hasn't

finished

his

____.A.

already,

already

B.

yet,

already

C.

alreday,yet21.

What

_____the

forest

of

the

USA

in

the

last

350

years

?A.

has

happened

to

B.

is

happened

to

C.

has

happened

at22.

How

long

____you

____the

library

book

?A.

did

,

borrow

B.

have,

borrowed

C.

have

,

kept23.

How

many

English

words

_____you

_____

by

now

?A.

did,

learn

B.

have,

learned

C.

is

,

learning24.He

hasn't

Quanzhou

ever

since

he

left

school(A)left

(B)been

away

(C)been

(D)away一、單項(xiàng)選擇1、Both

his

parents

look

sad

.Maybe

they_____what's

happened

to

him

.Ａ.

knew

Ｂ.

have

known

Ｃ.

must

know

Ｄ.will

know2、He

has____been

to

Shanghai

,

has

he

?

Ａ.already

Ｂ.never

Ｃ.ever

Ｄ.still3、Have

you

met

Mr

Li

______？Ａ.just

Ｂ.ago

Ｃ.before

Ｄ.a

moment

ago4、The

famous

writer

_____

one

new

book

in

the

past

two

yearＡ.

is

writing

Ｂ.was

writing

Ｃ.wrote

Ｄ.has

written5、-Our

country

______

a

lot

so

far

.

-Yes

.

I

hope

it

will

be

even

______

.Ａ.

has

changed

;

well

Ｂ.

changed

;

goodＣ.

has

changed

;

better

Ｄ.

changed

;

better6、Zhao

Lan

______already

______in

this

school

for

two

years

.Ａ.was

;

studying

Ｂ.will

;

study

Ｃ.has

;

studied

Ｄ.are

;

studying7、We

______

Xiao

Li

since

she

was

a

little

girl

.Ａ.

know

Ｂ.

had

known

Ｃ.

have

known

Ｄ.

knew

8、Harry

Potter

is

a

very

nice

film

.I____it

twice

.Ａ.will

see

Ｂ.have

seen

Ｃ.saw

Ｄ.see8、-These

farmers

have

been

to

the

United

States.-Really

?

When

__there

?Ａ.will

they

go

Ｂ.did

they

go

Ｃ.do

they

go

Ｄ.have

they

gone9、-______

you

___

your

homework

yet

?

-Yes

.

I

_____

it

a

moment

ago

.Ａ.

Did

;

do

;

finished

Ｂ.

Have

;

done

;

finishedＣ.

Have

;

done

;

have

finished

Ｄ.

will

;

do

;

finish10、

His

father

______

the

Party

since

1978

.Ａ.

joined

Ｂ.

has

joined

Ｃ.

was

in

Ｄ.

has

been

in11、-Do

you

know

him

well

?

-

Sure

.We

_________

friends

since

ten

years

ago

.Ａ.

were

Ｂ.

have

been

Ｃ.

have

become

Ｄ.

have

made12、-How

long

have

you

____

here

?

-About

two

months

.Ａ.

been

Ｂ.

gone

Ｃ.

come

Ｄ.

arrived13、Hurry

up!

The

play

__________

for

ten

minutes

.Ａ.

has

begun

Ｂ.

had

begun

Ｃ.

has

been

onＤ.

began14、

It

___ten

years

since

he

left

the

army

.

Ａ.

is

Ｂ.has

Ｃ.will

Ｄ.was15、

Miss

Green

isn't

in

the

office

.

she_______

to

the

library

.Ａ.has

gone

Ｂ.

went

Ｃ.will

go

Ｄ.

has

been16、My

parents

______

Shandong

for

ten

years

.Ａ.

have

been

in

Ｂ.

have

been

to

Ｃ.

have

gone

to

Ｄ.

have

been17、The

students

have

cleaned

the

classroom,

?A.

so

they

B.

don't

they

C.

have

they

D.

haven't

they18.Mr

Green

isn't

in

the

office

,

He

to

the

libraryA

has

gone

B

went

C

has

been

D

will

go19.She's

never

been

to

England,

she?

Ahas

Bhasn't

Cisn't

Dis2._____has

Hanmei

been

in

the

library.

A

How

long

B

How

soon

C

How

far

D

How

often二、用since和for填空1)

______

two

years2)

_______

two

years

ago3)

_______

last

month4)

______

19995)

_______

yesterday6)

_______

4

o’clock7)

______

4

hours8)

_______

an

hour

ago

9)______we

were

children10)

_____

lunch

time11)

______

she

left

here三、

用have(has)

been

或have(has)

gone

填空。A:

Where

____________

Li

Fei

___________?

B:

He

____________

to

Hainan

A:

How

long

___________

he

___________

there?

B:

He

_____________

there

for

three

days.A:

When

will

he

come

back

,

do

you

know?

B:

I’m

afraid

he

won’t

come

back

recently.A:

Could

you

tell

me

the

way

to

Hainan

A:

How

many

times

___________

Li

Fei

__________

to

that

place?B:

He

_____________

there

only

once.四、用have/has

been

to/in,

have/has

gone

to的各種形式填空。1)

Where

is

Jack?

He

__________

his

country.

2)

John

_______

England

since

he

came

back.3)

How

long

_____

have

_____

this

village?

4)

The

Smiths

______

Beijing

for

years.5)

_____

you

ever

____

America?

--

Yes,

I

_____

there

many

times.6)

I

_____

this

school

since

three

years

ago.八、

用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.

I_______

already

_______

(see)

the

film.

I

_____

(see)

it

last

week.2.

_______

he

________(finish)

his

work

?

Not

yet.3.

_______

you

ever

________(eat

)

chocolates?

No,

never.4.

We

(hold)

a

sports

meeting

next

week.5.

I

__________

(work)

here

since

I

__________

(move)

here

in

1999.6.

So

far

I

______________(make)

quite

a

few

friends

here.7.

How

long

___

__

the

Smiths

____(stay)here?

For

two

weeks.8.

What

he

(do)

at

8:00

last

night?9.

Mum