Unit5Adelicateworld一、閱讀理解A[2024江西南昌一模]Anewstudysuggeststhatpollutionofallkindskillsnearly9millionpeopleworldwideeachyear.Airpollutionfromindustrialprocessesandtheexpansionofcitiesaccountedforabout75％ofthedeaths，researchersfound.Thestudywasbasedonexaminationsofworldwidedeathratesandpollutionlevels.Thestudyseparatedtraditionalpollutantsfrommodernpollutants.Examplesoftraditionalpollutantsareindoorsmokeorwastewater.Modernpollutantsincludeairpollutionfromvehiclesorindustrialactivitiesandpoisonouschemicals.Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide.ButtheyremainamajorprobleminAfricaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Insomecountries，stateprogramstocutindoorairpollutionandimprovementsinsanitation（衛(wèi)生設(shè)備）havehelpedreducedeathrates.InEthiopiaandNigeria，forexample，sucheffortscutdeathsbytwo-thirdsbetween2000and2024，thestudyfound.Modernkindsofpollutionarerisinginmostcountries，especiallydevelopingones，theresearcherssaid.Deathscausedbymodernpollutants—heavymetals，agriculturalchemicalsandcarbonemissions—are"skyrocketing"，saidthestudyco-writerRachaelKupka.SheheadstheNewYork-basedGlobalAllianceonHealthandPollution.Kupkasaiddeathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisenby66％since2000."Ninemilliondeathsarealotofdeaths，"PhilipLandrigantoldTheAssociatedPressaboutthestudy’sresults.HeisthedirectoroftheGlobalPublicHealthProgramandGlobalPollutionObservatoryatBostonCollegeinMassachusetts."Thebadnewsisthatit’snotdecreasing，"Landriganadded."We’remakinggainsintheeasystuff，andwe’reseeingthemoredifficultstuff—outdoorindustrialairpollutionandchemicalpollution—stillgoingup."Thestudymakesseveralsuggestionsforwaystocutthenumberofdeaths.Theseincludecreatingbetterrecordingandreportingmethodsandstrongergovernmentpoliciestoreducepollutionlinkedtoindustrialactivitiesandvehicleemissions."Weabsolutelyknowhowtosolvepollutionproblems，"saidthestudyco-authorRichardFuller."What’smissingispoliticalwill."本文主要講解并描述了一項新的探討，該探討發(fā)覺每年死于環(huán)境污染的人數(shù)眾多，且現(xiàn)代化污染還在加劇。文章還提到了探討人員的相關(guān)看法和提議?！驹~語積累】expansionn.擴(kuò)張，擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)大，膨脹accountfor（數(shù)量、比例上）占；對……負(fù)責(zé)；導(dǎo)致poisonousadj.有毒的1.Whatcanbelearnedfromthestudyaboutpollution？A.Airpollutionkilled9millionpeoplelastyear.B.Cuttingindoorairpollutionisthebestpolicy.C.TraditionalpollutionisveryseriousinNigeria.D.Traditionalpollutantscauselessdeathsthanbefore.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的"Theresearchersfoundthatdeathsfromtraditionalpollutantsaredroppingworldwide"可知，世界范圍內(nèi)傳統(tǒng)污染物造成的死亡人數(shù)在下降，換句話說，就是比以前少了，故D項正確。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"skyrocketing"probablymeaninparagraph3？A.Improving. B.Increasing.C.Reducing. D.Worsening.解析B詞義揣測題。由畫線詞后的"deathslinkedtomodernpollutantshadrisenby66％since2000"可知，現(xiàn)代化污染物造成的死亡人數(shù)在上升，故B項與畫線詞的意思最為接近。3.WhatcanbeinferredfromPhilipLandrigan’swords？A.Itiseasytofightmodernpollution.B.Outdoorairpollutionisdecreasing.C.Modernpollutionstillconcernspeople.D.Itishardtotellthereasonsforpollution.解析C推理推斷題。由第四段中PhilipLandrigan所說的話可知，900萬的死亡人數(shù)是一個很大的數(shù)字，且還存在更麻煩的事物——戶外工業(yè)空氣污染和化學(xué)污染還在增加，由其次段第三句話可知，兩者均為現(xiàn)代化污染，所以此處是說現(xiàn)代化污染還在加劇，據(jù)此可以推斷，PhilipLandrigan認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代化污染仍讓人們擔(dān)憂，故C項正確。4.Whatmightbetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows？A.Methodstoreducepollution.B.Thegovernment’sresponsetopollution.C.Suggestionsforindustrialactivities.D.Thedamagecausedbyvehicleemissions.解析B推理推斷題。由最終一段中的"What’smissingispoliticalwill"和邏輯可以推斷，最終一段既然提到了現(xiàn)在還缺乏政治意愿，那么接下來應(yīng)當(dāng)會講到政策（政府）方面對污染的回應(yīng)，故B項正確。B[生態(tài)環(huán)保/2024江蘇南通、海安開學(xué)考]USforestscouldworsenglobalwarminginsteadofeasingitbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanet-warminggasesastheygetolder，anewAgricultureDepartmentreportsays.USforestscurrentlyabsorb11percentofUScarbonemissions，or150millionmetrictonsofcarbonayear，equaltothecombinedemissionsfrom40coalpowerplants，thereportsays.Itpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartfallingquicklyafter2025andthatforestscouldemitupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissionsfromrottingtreesexceedtheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbecomea"substantialcarbonsource"by2070，theUSDAreportsays."ThepredictionsuggeststhatthelossofforestsasanaturalcarbonabsorberwillrequiretheUStocutemissionsmorerapidlytoreachnetzero，"saidLynnRiley，aseniormanagerofclimatescienceattheAmericanForestFoundation."10percentofourdomesticemissions.Thatisareallysignificantportion，"Rileysaid."Asweworktodecarbonize...forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourdisposal.Ifweweretolosethat，itmeanstheUSwillcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions.""Thelossofcabonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires，tornadoesandhurricanes，whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thedisastersdestroyforests，disruptingtheirecosystemanddecreasingtheirabilitytoabsorbcarbon，"Rileysaid.Exploitationofforestedareas，whichthereportprojectswillcontinuetoincrease，ishavingthesameeffectaspeopleincreasinglymovetotheso-calledwildandurbaninterface.Thetrees’abilitytoabsorbcarbonweakensovertime.Older，maturetreesabsorblesscarbonthanyoungertreesofthesamespecies，andtheUSforestsarerapidlyaging，thereportfound."Moreaggressiveforestmanagementcanhelpbycuttingdownasmallportionofagingforeststomakewaysforyoungertreesthatabsorbmorecarbon，"Rileysaid."Athoroughstudyofeachforestshouldbedonebeforeremovingoldertrees，"Rileysaid，comparingforestmanagementtoprescribingtheproperdrugstoapatient.本文是一篇說明文。美國農(nóng)業(yè)部的一份新報告稱，美國的森林正在遭遇自然災(zāi)難的破壞，隨著年齡的增長，它們正在失去吸取溫室氣體的實力，這可能會加劇全球變暖，而不是緩解全球變暖。文章對此進(jìn)行了具體介紹。1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Coalpowerplantsemit150millionmetrictonsofcarboneveryyear.B.Cuttingdownalloldertreesisaneffectivewaytosolvetheproblem.C.Anewstudyofforestsshouldbeconductedafterremovingoldertrees.D.Forestsarelikelytoshiftfromacarbonabsorbertoanemissionsource.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段最終兩句"Itpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartfallingquicklyafter2025andthatforestscouldemitupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissionsfromrottingtreesexceedtheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbecomea‘substantialcarbonsource’by2070，theUSDAreportsays"可知，森林很可能從碳吸取者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕欧旁矗蔬xD。2.WhatcanweinferfromwhatRileysaidinparagraphs3and4？A.Forestsplayacrucialroleinholdingcarbon.B.Forestsarenolongeranaturalcarbonabsorber.C.TheUSmakescontributionstodecarbonization.D.Achievingnetzeroemissionsiswithineasyreach.解析A推理推斷題。由Riley在第三段和第四段所說的話，尤其是第四段中的"Asweworktodecarbonize...forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourdisposal.Ifweweretolosethat，itmeanstheUSwillcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions"可知，森林在儲存碳方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用，故選A。3.ThefollowingfactorscancausethelossofcarbonabsorptionEXCEPT.A.agingforests B.naturaldisastersC.globalwarming D.thedevelopmentofforests解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的"Thelossofcabonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires，tornadoesandhurricanes，whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise"可知，自然災(zāi)難和全球變暖都會降低碳吸取；由第一段"USforestscouldworsenglobalwarminginsteadofeasingitbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanet-warminggasesastheygetolder，anewAgricultureDepartmentreportsays"可知，樹木老化也會降低碳吸取，故選D。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.CuttingCarbonHelpsSlowGlobalWarmingB.GlobalWarmingIsBecomingWorseGraduallyC.ForestsAreLosingTheirAbilitytoHoldCarbonD.PlantingMoreTreesIsattheTopoftheAgenda解析C標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要是講隨著樹木的老化，森林正在失去吸取溫室氣體的實力，故C項做文章標(biāo)題最佳。二、完形填空[2024云南三校其次次聯(lián)考]HurricaneIanhitFloridaandbroughtwithitflooding，windsandarecordhighstorm.Karenis84yearsoldandreliesonawheelchairto1becauseshemissedaleg.HersonJohnnytried2togethertoleave，butsherefusedagainandagain—she3theintensityofthestorm.Johnnylivesfourblocksaway.WhenKarenreportedthewaterinherhousehadreachedherwaist，heknewhehadtotake4.First，Johnny5hiskidsweretakencareof.Hegavethemfoodandopenedtheattic（閣樓）sothattheycould6throughtheroofifwatercontinuedtorise.Then，hejumpedoutofawindowandbeganto7.Johnnywasracingagainsttheclock.Heknewheonlyhada（n）8periodoftimetogettherebeforethewaterroseaboveKaren’s9.Ittookhim40minutestoswimfourblocks.ThesoundofKarenyellingwas10tohisears！Shewasstillalive！EveryoneinJohnny’sfamilyisnow11althoughthey’velosteverythingtheyowned.Butthey’re12justtobehere."Ididn’tlose13.Lifeislikeacomputer，there’retwo14：aresetandapower—andweareblessedthatitwasjustaresetbutton，notthepower，thatgot15，"hesaid.本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了猛烈的暴風(fēng)雨發(fā)生時，Johnny游了四個街區(qū)，去救因缺少一條腿而坐輪椅的母親。雖然這場暴風(fēng)雨讓他們失去了家里全部的東西，但幸運的是，一家人都平安地活下來了，這是很重要的。1.A.getaround B.helpoutC.situp D.workout解析A由"becauseshemissedaleg"可知，Karen須要依靠輪椅出行，故選A。getaround出行，helpout幫……擺脫困難，situp坐直，workout解決。2.A.simply B.repeatedlyC.obviously D.particularly解析B由"butsherefusedagainandagain"可知，她兒子讓她離開家里，但是她一遍又一遍拒絕了兒子，由此可知，她的兒子一再試圖讓她離開，故選B。simply簡潔地；repeatedly重復(fù)地，一再；obviously明顯；particularly尤其，特殊。3.A.calculated B.identifiedC.experienced D.underestimated解析D句意：她的兒子Johnny一再試圖讓她離開，但她一次又一次地拒絕了——她低估了暴風(fēng)雨的強(qiáng)度。calculate計算，identify認(rèn)出，experience閱歷，underestimate低估。D項符合語境。4.A.care B.placeC.action D.charge解析C由"WhenKarenreportedthewaterinherhousehadreachedherwaist，heknewhehadtotake4"可知，在聽到母親說家里的水已經(jīng)到了她的腰部時，Johnny意識到他必需實行行動去救母親，故選C。care關(guān)切，place地方，action行動，charge費用。5.A.proved B.ensuredC.noticed D.admitted解析B由"Hegavethemfoodandopenedtheattic（閣樓）"和文章提到他聽到母親說她家里的水已經(jīng)到腰部可知，Johnny要去幫助母親，所以他給孩子們食物并打開了閣樓的門，以確保孩子們能夠被照看好，故選B。prove證明，ensure確保，notice留意，admit承認(rèn)。6.A.expand B.assistC.escape D.dominate解析C由"ifwatercontinuedtorise"可知，假如水位接著上升，孩子們可以通過閣樓走到屋頂，然后逃出去，故選C。expand擴(kuò)大，assist幫助，escape逃脫，dominate統(tǒng)治。7.A.run B.rideC.drive D.swim解析7.D由"Ittookhim40minutestoswimfourblocks"和文章介紹暴風(fēng)雨很大可知，Johnny是游到母親家的，故選D。8.A.short B.efficientC.ideal D.indefinite解析A由"beforethewaterroseaboveKaren’s9"和上文提到Karen坐在輪椅上，水已經(jīng)到了她的腰部，且暴風(fēng)雨很大可知，水很快就會沉沒Karen，所以說Johnny只有很短的時間游到母親家里，故選A。short短的，efficient有效率的，ideal志向的，indefinite無限期的。9.A.waist B.anklesC.head D.knees解析C由"beforethewaterroseaboveKaren’s9"可知，暴風(fēng)雨很大，所以水很快就會沒過Karen的頭，將她沉沒，故選C。10.A.harm B.musicC.advice D.news解析B由"Shewasstillalive！"可知，聽到母親的聲音，他很興奮，知道母親還活著，所以此處將母親的聲音比作音樂，突出他很興奮，故選B。11.A.responsible B.remarkableC.innocent D.safe解析D雖然他們失去了全部的東西，但是Johnny家里的每個人現(xiàn)在都平安了。responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的，remarkable非凡的，innocent無罪的，safe平安的。D項符合語境。12.A.grateful B.sureC.concerned D.surprised解析A由"EveryoneinJohnny’sfamilyisnow11"和"weareblessed"可知，他們都在暴風(fēng)雨中幸存下來，所以他們心存感謝，故選A。grateful感謝的，sure確定的，concerned擔(dān)憂的，surprised驚異的。13.A.memory B.hopeC.sight D.weight解析B由"weareblessedthatitwasjustaresetbutton，notthepower"可知，Johnny認(rèn)為他們只是須要重新開啟生活，這說明他沒有失去希望，故選B。14.A.screens B.keyboardsC.buttons D.monitors解析C句意：生活就像一臺電腦，有兩個按鈕：一個是復(fù)位按鈕，一個是電源按鈕。我們很幸運，按下的只是復(fù)位按鈕，而不是電源按鈕。C項符合語境。15.A.prepared B.separatedC.injured D.hit解析D參見上題解析。prepare打算，separate分別，injure受傷，hit按。三、語法填空[生態(tài)環(huán)保/]Snowpack，seaice，andglaciers（冰川）aremelting（溶化）aroundtheworld.Oneobviouseffectofclimatechangeistherapid1（disappear）ofglaciers.ThedeclineofglaciersintheGlacierNationalPark2（document）continuallywithphotosisworrying.Glaciersaroundtheworldaremeltingmorequickly3snowandicecanbuildthemup.Infact，theArcticiswarmingatarateoftwotothreetimes4globalaverage，fasterthananyotherplaceonEarth.This5（lead）toa40percentdecreas