Unit4Everydayeconomics一、閱讀理解A[2024蘇北四市一調(diào)]Bymymid-20s，I’dfinishedmyMaster’sinPsychology，andIwasworkinginDublinasahealthresearcher.Itwasmostlydataandstatisticsworkwhichrequiredstaringatascreen.Iwasearningmorethanmostofmyfriends，livingthecitylife，goingoutatweekends.Ihadagoodpension（養(yǎng)老金）andannualleavebutitcausedalotofanxietyandworry.Iwasreallyunhappy.IwantedtogetbacktofeelingpassionateaboutsomethingsoIstartedthinkingaboutthethingsIusedtolove.Asachild，I’dalwaysbeeninvolvedintheoutdoors，andIusedtolovehikingbutallthathadstoppedaftersecondaryschool.Idecidedtovolunteerwithalocalyouthgroupandwithinamonth，Iwentcampingwiththem.Iabsolutelylovedit.Itwaslikeswitchingonalightbulb.ThiswaswhatI’dbeenmissing.Istartedtakingcoursesinmountainskillsandwildernessfirstaid，andinAugustIwasworkingmyusualjobintheweek，andIwasaclimbingclubleaderatweekends.Ilovedconnectingwithnature，andconnectingwithotherpeople.Throughallthis，Ilearntaboutthewholefieldofnature-basedtherapies（療法）.Itwastheperfectfittocombinemypsychologybackgroundwithmypassionfortheoutdoors.Ibegantakingcoursesinwildtherapy，forestbathingandecopsychology.IleftmygovernmentjobandinJuly2024IlaunchedmybusinessNatureTherapyIreland，whichisboomingnow.I’dthoughtI’dalwaysliveinacitybutlastyear，ImovedtoTipperarytoliveatthefootofamountain，surroundedbynature.IfI’mfeelingstressed，Icanstepoutsideinmybarefeetandstandonthegrasstogroundmyself.InDublin，thefrontdoorfeltlikeabarrier—Ihadtohavemykeys，myphone，andmyjacketbeforeIcouldevengooutandfindagreenspace.Mylifenowisleadingnatureconnectionhikesandforestbathingwalks.MysalaryhashalvedforthemomentbutI’veadjusted.I’veneverlookedback.作者擁有一份穩(wěn)定的工作和社會保障，但這引起了作者的焦慮。作者想重拾對生活的熱忱，毅然辭掉穩(wěn)定的工作，選擇創(chuàng)業(yè)去過自己想要的生活?！驹~語積累】passionateadj.熱誠的，狂熱的fitn.適合，匹配surroundv.（使）包圍；圍繞，環(huán)繞1.WhatdidthewriterthinkofherjobinDublin？A.Stressful. B.Valueless.C.Insecure. D.Demanding.解析A微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Ihadagood...wasreallyunhappy"可知，作者的這一工作引起了很多焦慮和擔憂，故A項正確。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninparagraph2？A.Sheenjoyedhervoluntarywork.B.Sherealizedwhatshereallyloved.C.Recallingthepastmadeherhappy.D.Abrightfuturewasinstoreforher.解析B詞義揣測題。由其次段中的"Iwantedtogetback...Iusedtolove"可知，作者想重新找回對某件事的熱忱并起先思索；再結(jié)合畫線句前后語境可知，作者通過做志愿者，參與集體露營，突然發(fā)覺自己特別酷愛這件事，并意識到這就是自己始終想要的東西，故B項正確。3.WhatdrovethewritertolaunchherbusinessNatureTherapyIreland？A.Heradventurousexperience.B.Herleadershipandbackground.C.Herconnectionwithotherpeople.D.Hermajorandpassionfornature.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的"Throughallthis，Ilearntaboutthewholefieldofnature-basedtherapies（療法）...mypassionfortheoutdoors"可知，自然療法正是作者心理學(xué)背景和作者對戶外運動的熱忱的完備結(jié)合，這促使作者進行相關(guān)課程的學(xué)習(xí)之后辭去已有的穩(wěn)定工作，選擇創(chuàng)業(yè)，故D項正確。4.WhydidthewritercompareherlifeinDublinwiththatinTipperary？A.Tohighlighthowboringcitylifewas.B.Tocallonpeopletogetbacktonature.C.Toshowhersatisfactionwithherchange.D.Toindicatehowsuccessfulherbusinesswas.解析C推理推斷題。由第五段內(nèi)容，尤其是"Mysalaryhas...I’veneverlookedback"可知，即便工資減半，作者也不懊悔，由此可推知，作者通過對比表達了對現(xiàn)有生活的滿意，故C項正確。B[2024貴州貴陽摸底]Theterm"oniomania"，whichisusedtodescribepeoplewithobsessive（強迫性的），problematicshoppingandspendingbehaviors.Alsoknownascompulsivebuyingdisorder（CBD）andimpulsive-compulsivebuyingdisorder（ICBD），oniomaniacanleaveanegativeimpactonyourfinancialhealthandmentalwellbeingifleftuntreated.Atthispointyoumightbewondering："What’sthedifferencebetweenanoniomaniacandsomeonewholikestoshopperhapsabittoomuch？"Wetendtobelievethatthetwoarerathersimilar.Clinically（臨床地），however，theyarequiteeasytoseparate.Althoughpeoplewholikeshoppingwillreturnanitemiftheydonotlikeitandstartbudgetingiftheyrunlowonmoney，peoplesufferingfromoniomaniaarenolongerabletomakereasonable，letalonefinanciallyresponsible，decisions.Theysometimesemotionallydissociatethemselvesfromwhattheyaredoing，makingtheirpurchaseswhiletheyarenotreallysurewhattobuy.Spendingrelievesfeelingsofanxietyanddepression，butonlytemporarily.Inashorttime，theymightbecomemoody，annoyed，anddepressed，andtheirconfidencedeclinessharply.Toacertainextent，spendingmakeseveryonefeelgood.In2007，agroupofresearchersfromMIT，StanfordUniversityandCMUlookedatthebrainsofAmericanconsumersviaMRItechnologyandfoundthatwhentheypurchaseddesirableobjects，theirnucleusaccumbens—thebrain’spleasurecenter—wouldlightup，indicatingpositivestimulation.Thisstimulationcantakeondifferentforms.Forinstance，somepeoplegetparticularlyexcitedwhentheybelievetheyhavegottenagooddeal.This，researcherssay，istheresultoftheprefrontalcortex—thedecision-makingpartofourbrain—interactingwiththeinsula，thepartofourbrainthatprocessespain.AccordingtopsychotherapistJoyceMarter，compulsivebuyersintheU.S.makeanaverageof156impulsivepurchasesperyear.Eachpurchasesetsthembackaround$81.75，makingforagrandtotalof$5，400peryearandathoroughshocking$324，000perlifetime.Thatmoneycouldhavebeeninvestedinahome，aneducation，orotherproductsthatyouactuallyneedinordertosurviveandthriveintheworld.Ultimately，though，treatingoniomaniaisaboutmuchmorethanjustprotectingyourfinancesfromyourownimpulses—it’salsoaboutmaintainingyourpersonalmentalhealthandimprovingyourrelationshipswithothers.購物癖和寵愛購物不同，它是一種須要治療的心理疾病。在某種程度上，消費會讓人歡樂，但購物癖不僅奢侈金錢，還危害人們的心理健康和人際關(guān)系?！驹~語積累】problematicadj.成問題的，造成困難的，疑難的compulsiveadj.禁不住的；難限制的tendto傾向于；往往會purchasen.購買；選購 ；vt.購買；選購 temporarilyadv.短暫declinev.下降；削減；衰退indicatev.指示；表明；顯示；示意interactvi.互動；相互作用；溝通thrivevi.旺盛；蓬勃發(fā)展maintainv.保持；維持；修理【長難句解讀】Althoughpeople（wholikeshopping）willreturnanitem（iftheydonot讓步狀語從句，其中包含一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句和兩個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句likeit）andstartbudgeting（iftheyrunlowonmoney），peoplesufferingfromoniomania現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語arenolongerabletomakereasonable，letalonefinanciallyresponsible，decisions.譯文：雖然寵愛購物的人假如不寵愛商品就會退貨，假如資金短缺就會起先謹慎花錢，但患有購物癖的人不再能夠做出合理的確定，更不用說對財務(wù)負責(zé)的確定了。1.Whatdoweknowaboutoniomania？A.Itisanormalbehavior.B.Itinfluencespeople’shealth.C.Itmeanspeoplewholikeshopping.D.Itdescribespeople’sdifference.解析B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段，尤其是"oniomaniacanleaveanegativeimpactonyourfinancialhealthandmentalwellbeingifleftuntreated"可知，購物癖會對你的財務(wù)健康和心理健康產(chǎn)生負面影響。由此可知，購物癖會影響人們的健康，故選B項。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"runlowon"probablymean？A.Runoutof. B.Goshortof.C.Lookdownon. D.Becomerichin.解析B詞義揣測題。由畫線短語前的"peoplewholikeshoppingwillreturnanitemiftheydonotlikeit"可知，寵愛購物的人假如不寵愛商品就會退貨。returnanitemiftheydonotlikeit與startbudgetingiftheyrunlowonmoney是并列關(guān)系，同為描述寵愛購物的人的行為。startbudgeting意為"起先謹慎花錢"。由此可推想，此處表示假如他們資金短缺，他們就會起先謹慎花錢，故畫線短語與B項的意思最為接近。3.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout？A.Whymanyresearcherstakepartinthestudy.B.Howeveryonemakesawisedecision.C.Howdesirableobjectsarewellwelcome.D.Whyshoppingmakescommonpeoplehappy.解析D段落大意題。第四段的首句，即主題句"Toacertainextent，spendingmakeseveryonefeelgood"點明在某種程度上，消費讓每個人都感覺良好。接著作者介紹了一個科學(xué)發(fā)覺，從科學(xué)的角度分析了大腦的神經(jīng)組織，說明白為什么人們在購物時會感到歡樂，故選D項。4.Whatisthebenefitoftreatingoniomania？A.Itisbeneficialtoeducation.B.Itdevelopsourdesires.C.Itkeepsourmindhealthy.D.Ithelpsincreaseourincome.解析C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由最終一段中的"it’salsoaboutmaintainingyourpersonalmentalhealthandimprovingyourrelationshipswithothers"可知，治療購物癖還可以維持你的個人心理健康，改善你的人際關(guān)系，故選C項"它使我們的頭腦保持健康"。二、七選五Weallwanttosavemoney，andwiththecostoflivingontherise，it’sbecomemoreimportantthanevertowatchwhatwespend.Oneofthebiggestincreasesinourspendingatthemomentisonenergy.1That’swhymanyofusarelookingatwaystosaveenergy.2Totrytoachievethis，newhomesinsomecountrieswillbebannedfromfittingnewgasandoilboilersby2025.Havingaheatpump（熱泵）insteadcanhelpsaveenergy，butit’sunaffordableformanypeople，unlessthey’vegotsparecash.Forpeoplewhohavetolivewithinatightbudget，therearesomelow-budgetsolutionstolowerenergyusage.3Addingrolled-uptowelstoblockthegapswillhelp.Investinginnewdoubleglasswindowswillcertainlypreventheatfromleaking，butifit’sstilltoocostly，itmightbeworthusingsomeheavycurtainstostoptheheatescaping.Therearelotsofotherlittlethingswecandoaroundthehomethatwillhelpsaveenergy，don’tcostafortuneandjustrequirechangestoourbehaviour.Theycouldbeasgoodasfittingormakingsomething.Putcoversonpotsandpanswhencooking—thefoodwillbereadymorequickly.Don’toverfillthecontainerwhenboilingwater，anddon’tleaveelectricalitemsonstandby.4So，we’rebeingencouragedtomaketheuseoffuelmoreefficient.5Weneedtodoittoreduceourcarbonfootprint，sothatourenergyusagedoesn’tcosttheEarth.A.Warmaircanescapefromroomseasily.B.It’sadvisabletomakethebestofenergy.C.Butourmainaimisn’tjustafinancialsaving.D.Theoil，gasandelectricityusedinourhomesarecostly.E.Weshouldconsidermoreaboutthepossiblewaystodealwithit.F.Makingourhomemoreenergy-efficientistheobviouswaytosavemoney.G.Acombinationofsuchsmallmeasurescouldreduceenergybillsbyabout10％.本文是說明文。隨著生活成本的上升，人們都想削減日常開銷，目前我們的支出中增長最大的方面之一是能源，文章給出了一些在家中節(jié)約能源從而削減開支的方法。1.D空前提到目前，我們的支出中增長最大的方面之一是能源，空后提到這就是為什么很多人始終在思索節(jié)能的方法，故空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及能源方面的花費，D項"我們房屋里用的石油、自然氣和電要花很多錢"承接上文，且說明白下文思索節(jié)約能源方法的緣由。2.F下文提到為了實現(xiàn)這一目標，到2025年，一些國家的新住宅將被禁止安裝新的燃氣和燃油鍋爐，用熱泵代替以幫助節(jié)約能源。分析本段結(jié)構(gòu)和大意可以看出，空后的this指代的應(yīng)是空處出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，且與節(jié)能做法有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項"讓我們的家更節(jié)能是公認的省錢的方法"符合語境。選項中的"Makingourhomemoreenergy-efficient"是this指代的內(nèi)容。3.A空后提到了用卷起的毛巾、雙層玻璃窗和厚重的窗簾等物品來阻擋熱量散出，A項"溫煦的空氣可以很簡潔地從房間散出"提出了問題，與后面的解決方法相呼應(yīng)。4.G本段主要講了可以在家里做很多其他的小事情來節(jié)約能源，如烹飪時蓋上鍋蓋，燒開水時不要將容器裝得太滿，不要讓電器處于待機狀態(tài)，G項"這些小方法結(jié)合起來可以削減約10％的能源費用"是上文做法的結(jié)果。5.C空前提到因此我們被激勵更加有效地利用燃料，空后是我們須要這樣做來削減碳蹤跡，這樣能源運用就不會以破壞地球為代價。由此可知，空處應(yīng)起到過渡作用，將節(jié)能從削減日常開支引到環(huán)境疼惜，故選C項"但我們的主要目標并不僅僅是省錢"。三、完形填空[2024江蘇南京六校調(diào)研]DuringmyfreshmanyearatBrooklynCollege，creditcardcompanieswereeagertoearnthebusinessofstudents.1byvariousrewardsprogramsthatonlytoldpartofthestory，manystudentssignedupforoneormorecardswithoutunderstandingthe2oflatepayment.3basicfinancialliteracy（金融素養(yǎng)）meantmanycollegestudentsstartedofftheiradultliveswithpoorcredit.4，theyfacedchallengeslaterinlifewhentheyneededtoborrowmoneybutcouldn’t5alow-interestloan.Poorcredit6mepastcollegeandyearsintomyteachingcareer.Thathasfueledmysenseof7toteachthenextgenerationofstudentsaboutpersonalfinance.It’swhyIhelpeddevelopapersonalfinancecourseforteensandyoungadults.Tomaketheclassas8aspossible，weaskedthestudentswhat9interestedthem.Theywerecurioustoknowaboutbuyinghomesandcars.Ourcourse，intendedforthoseagedbetween14and21，hasthem10questions：HowmuchdoIneedtosavetomakethesepurchases？WhichpurchasesdoIprioritize？We，educators，canhelpyoungpeople11lifeaftergraduation，astherearemanygreat12anddevelopingourcoursewas13thanIhadexpected，whichiswhyIhopemoreschoolsandyouthorganizationswillofferfinancialeducation.Financialliteracyshouldn’tbeoptionalbecauseitputsthosewithoutitatasignificant14.Andifmy15asastudentandaneducatorhavetaughtmeanything，it’sthatnooneshouldhavetolearnimportantfinanciallessonsthehardway.作者通過自己的閱歷講解并描述了對學(xué)生來講，金融教化的重要性。1.A.Attracted B.SponsoredC.Required D.Dominated解析A依據(jù)后文"variousrewardsprograms"和"manystudentssignedupforoneormorecards"可知，很多學(xué)生申請了不止一張信用卡是因為被信用卡提出的回報支配所吸引，故選A。attract吸引，sponsor贊助，require要求，dominate支配。2.A.conditions B.benefitsC.consequences D.processes解析C由"latepayment"和下一段中的"theyfacedchallengeslaterinlife"可知，因逾期還款，之后他們會面臨麻煩，故此處指學(xué)生沒有意識到信用卡逾期還款的后果，故選C。condition狀況，benefit好處，consequence后果，process過程。3.A.Displaying B.MaintainingC.Abandoning D.Lacking解析D句意：缺乏基本的金融素養(yǎng)意味著很多高校生以不良信用起先他們的成年生活。display展示，maintain保持，abandon拋棄，lack缺乏。D項符合語境。4.A.However B.ThereforeC.Otherwise D.Instead解析B句意：因此，當他們須要借錢，但無法獲得低利息貸款時，就會在今后的生活中面臨挑戰(zhàn)。"3basicfinancialliteracy（金融素養(yǎng)）meantmanycollegestudentsstartedofftheiradultliveswithpoorcredit."和"theyfacedchallengeslaterinlifewhentheyneededtoborrowmoneybutcouldn’t5alow-interestloan"構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故選B。5.A.secure B.guaranteeC.request D.settle解析A參見上題解析。securealoan意為"獲得貸款"。6.A.turned B.