上海市2021屆高三英語下學期5月秋考押題試題01（滿分150分，考試時間100分鐘）II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillinthebankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Anewstudyshowthatthebetteryourshorttermmemoryis,(21)________(fast)youfeelfedupanddecideyou’vehadenough.ThefindingappearintheJournalofConsumerResearch.NoelleNelson,assistantprofessorofmarketingandconsumerbehaviorattheUniversityofKansasSchoolofBusiness.SheandhercolleagueJosephReddenattheUniversityofMinnesotatried(22)________(think)atverydifferentrates.Whenyouthinkaboutpopsongsontheradio,somepeoplemuststillbeofthosesamesongs.Thedifference,theresearcherssupposed,(23)________havetodowithmemoriesofpastconsumption.Theresearcherstestedthememorycapacityofundergraduates.ThestudentsthenviewedarepeatingseriesofthreeclassicpaintingslikeTheStarryNight,AmericanGothic,andTheScreamorlistenedandrelistenedtoaseriesofthreepopsongsorthreepiecesofclassicalmusic.Throughoutthetest,theparticipantswereaskedtoratetheirexperience(24)________ascaleofzerototen.“Wefoundthatpeoplewithlargercapacitiesrememberedmoreaboutthemusicorart,whichledtothemgettingtiredofmusicorartmorequickly.So(25)________(remember)moredetailsactuallymadetheparticipantsfeellikethey’dexperiencedthemusicorartmoreoften.”Thefindingssuggestthatmarketerscouldcopewithourdesirefortheirproductsbyfiguringoutwaystodistractusandkeepusfromfullyrememberingourexperiences.Wecouldalsotrick(26)________intoeatinglessjunkfoodbyrecallingtheexperienceofaprevioussnack.Asforkidseasily(27)______(bore),justtellthemtoforgetaboutititmighthelpthemhavemorefun.Clearlyifwearetoparticipateinthesociety(28)______________welive,wemustmunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofmunicatingisperformedonapersontopersonbasisbythesimplemeansofspeech.(29)________wetravelinbuses,buythingsinshops,oreatinrestaurants,wearelikelytohaveconversations(30)________wegiveinformationoropinions,receivenewsormentandverylikelyhaveourviewschallengedbyothermembersofsociety.【答案】thefaster22.tothink23.might24.on25.remembering26.ourselves27.bored28.inwhich29.If/When30.whereSectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.daydream B.disagreement C.factually D.ultimatelyE.inevitableTosomethinkers,itismachinesandtheirdevelopmentthatdriveeconomicandculturalchange.Thisideaisreferredtoastechnologicaldeterminism.CertainlytherecanbenodoubtthatmachinescontributedtotheProtestantReformationandthedeclineoftheCatholicChurch’spowerinEuropeor___31____televisionhaschangedthewayfamilymembersinteract.Thosewhobelieveintechnologicaldeterminismwouldarguethatthesechangesintheculturallandscapewerethe___32____resultofnewtechnology.Butothersseetechnologyasmoreneutralandclaimthatthewaypeopleusetechnologyiswhatgivesitsignificance.This___33____acceptstechnologyasoneofmanyfactorsthatshapeeconomicandculturalchange;technology’sinfluenceis___34____determinedbyhowmuchpoweritisgivenbythepeopleandculturesthatuseit.This___35____aboutthepoweroftechnologyisattheheartofthecontroversysurroundingthenewmunicationtechnologies.Arewemoreorlesspowerlessinthe___36____ofadvancessuchasInternet,theWorldWideWeb,andinstantglobalaudioandvisualmunication?Ifweareatthemercyoftechnology,theculturethatsurroundsuswillnotbeofour___37____,andthebestwecanhopetodoismakeourwayreasonablywellinaworldoutsideourowncontrol.Butifthesetechnologiesareindeedneutralandtheirpower___38____inhowwechoosetousethem,wecanutilizethemresponsiblyand___39____toconstructandmaintainwhateverkindofculturewewant.AsfilmdirectorandtechnophileSteveSpielbergexplained,“Technologycanbeourbestfriend,andtechnologycanalsobethebiggestpartypoorerofourlives.Itinterruptsourownstory,interruptsourabilitytohaveathoughtor___40____,toimaginesomethingwonderful.【答案】31.C32.E33.I34.D35.B36.H37.K38.G39.J40.AIII.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Cowboyorspaceman?Adilemmaforachildren’sparty,perhaps.Butalsoaquestionforeconomists,arguedKennethBoulding,aBritisheconomist,inanessaypublishedin1966.Wehaverunour(41)______,hewarned,likecowboysontheopengrassland:takingandusingtheworld’sresources,(42)______thatmoreliesoverthehorizon.ButtheEarthis(43)______agrasslandthanaspaceship—aclosedsystem,aloneinspace,carryinglimitedsupplies.Weneed,saidBoulding,aneconomicsthattakesseriouslytheideaofenvironmental(44)______.Inthehalfcenturysincehisessay,anewmovementhasrespondedtohis

challenge.“Ecologicaleconomists”,astheycallthemselves,wantto(45)______itsaimsandassumptions.Whatdotheysay,andwilltheirideastakeoff?Toits(46)______,ecologicaleconomicsisneitherecologynoreconomics,butamixofboth.Theirstartingpointistorecognizethatthehumaneconomyispartofthenaturalworld.Ourenvironment,theynote,isbothasourceofresourcesandasinkforwastes.Butitis(47)______inconventionaltextbooks,whereneatdiagramstracetheflowsbetweenfirms,householdsandthegovernmentasthoughnaturedidnotexist.Thatisahugemistake.Therearetwowaysoureconomiescangrow,ecologicaleconomistspointout:throughtechnologicalchange,orthroughmoreintensiveuseofresources.Onlythe(48)______,theysay,isworthhaving.TheyaresuspiciousofGDP,asimple(49)______whichdoesnottakeaccountofresourceexhaustion,unpaidwork,andcountlessotherfactors.(50)______theyadvocatemoreholistic(全面的)approaches,suchastheGenuineProgressIndicator(GPI),aposite

index(復合指標)thatincludesthingslikethecostofpollution,deforestationandcaraccidents.WhileGDPhaskeptgrowing,globalGPIperperson(51)______in1978:bydestroyingourenvironmentwearemakingourselvespoorer,notricher.Thesolution,saysHermanDaly,aformerWorldBankeconomistandecoguru,isa“steadystate”

economy,wheretheuseofmaterialsandenergyisheld(52)______.Mainstreameconomistsare(53)______.TheGPI,theypointout,isasubjectivemeasure.AndtalkoflimitstogrowthhashadabadpresssincethedaysofThomasMalthus,agloomy18thcenturyclericwhopredicted,wrongly,thatoverpopulationwouldleadtofamine.Humanbeingsfindsolutionstosomeofthemostannoyingproblems.Butecologicaleconomists(64)______selfsatisfaction.In2009apaperin

Nature,ascientificjournal,arguedthathumanactivityisalready(55)______safeplanetaryboundariesonissuessuchas

biodiversity(生物多樣性)andclimatechange.Thatsuggeststhatecologicaleconomistsareatleastaskingsomeimportantquestions,eveniftheiranswersturnouttobewrong.A.grassland B.nation C.economy D.spaceshipA.ignorant B.confident C.astonishing D.anxiousA.less B.smaller C.more D.largerA.movements B.influences C.limits D.threatsA.reject B.realize C.resemble D.revolutionizeA.challengers B.learners C.advocates D.professorsA.addressed B.ignored C.opposed D.reflectedA.advanced B.former C.latter D.scientificA.number B.product C.idea D.measureA.Inaddition B.Forexample C.Inotherwords D.InitsplaceA.peaked B.plunged C.persisted D.pausedA.sufficient B.efficient C.constant D.adequateA.unimpressed B.involved Cconcerned D.appointedA.callfor B.contributeto C.warnagainst D.refertoA.setting B.overstepping C.extending D.redrawing【答案】4145：CBACD4650：CBBDD5155：ACACBSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttomentontheirdisorganizedbosses.Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulacmodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharemontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbeesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoffthecuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalightheartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftenesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudienceB.makefunofthedisorganizedpeopleC.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeopleD.showsympathyforyourlisteners57.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.A.impolitetonewarrivalsB.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikeroleC.entitledtosomeprivilegesD.verybusyevenduringlunchhours58.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.A.havebenefitedmanypeopleB.arethefocusofpublicattentionC.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumorD.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock59.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.A.UseHumorEffectivelyB.VariousKindsofHumorC.AddHumortoSpeechD.DifferentHumorStrategies【答案】56.A57.C58.B59.C(B)"Fightinglikecatsanddogs"isamonphrasethatpeopleusetomeanpeopleargue,frightordon'tgetalong.Ifyoulikecartoons,you'veprobablyseenmanythatdescribecatsanddogsfightinglikeswornenemies(不共戴天的仇敵).Therehaveevenbeenmoviesmadethatdescribecatsagainstdogs.Aswithmanyquestionsinlife,there'ssimplynoeasyanswertothequestionofwhetherdogsandcatscangetalong.Dogsandcatsaredifferentinmanywaysthatcanmakeitdifficultforthemtogetalong.However,withpatienceandtherightcircumstances,catsanddogscanbebestbuds(兄弟).Forexample,dogstendtobesocialanimalsthatarenaturallyplayful.Cats,ontheotherhand,tendtobemoreindependent.Adogthatwantstoplaymightseemaggressiveandfrighteningtoacat.Thismayleadthecattodefenditselfagainstanattackalthoughthat'sreallyjustadesiretoplay.Similarly,dogsespeciallypuppiesliketochaseeachother.It'safungame.Chasingcatscanbejustasfunaschasingotherdogs.Again,catsmayinterpretsuchplayfulbehaviorasathreat.Eventhere'ssomethingdogsandcatshaveinmon,tails,buttailscanmakethingsconfusing.Whenadogwags(搖擺)itstail,it'ssendingafriendlymessage:"I'mhappy.Let'splay."Cats,however,wagtheirtailswhentheyareangry.Youcanseehowthismightleadcatsanddogstobeeconfusedifthey'refacingeachotherwithwaggingtails!Althoughdogsandcatsaren'treallyswornenemies,dogsarehuntersbynature.Thismeansthattheymighthuntandchaseanythingthatmovesincludingacat.Thisnaturalbehaviorthatcouldcauseproblemsbetweendogsandcatscanbecontrolledbyspecialtrainingcalledsocializationwhentheanimalsmeetforthefirsttime.60.Bysaying"fightinglikecatsanddogs",parentsmostprobablymeanthat.A.theylikeneithercatsnordogsB.theirkidsdon'tgetonwellwitheachotherC.catsanddogsfightlikeswornenemiesD.thefightsbetweencatsanddogsareoftenmadeintomovies61.Whichofthefollowingmaybeoneofthereasonsthatdogsandcatsfightoften?A.Theycouldn'tunderstandeachother.B.Theyareworriedabouttheirbehaviors.C.Theyenjoyexactlythesamehobbies.D.Theywagtheirtailstoooften.62.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Dogsaregoodathuntinganimals.B.Dogsdon'tlikecatsnaturally.C.Catsusuallylikeplayingwithdogs.D.Dogsandcatscanpossiblyliveinharmony.【答案】(C)Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddleclassfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealities.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwopaycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback–abackupearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“addedworkereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextrainefromanotherwisestayathomepartner.Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementine.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasavingaccountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen–andnewlyfashionablehealthsavingsplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWalMartworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent–andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.Fromthemiddleclassfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.63.Today’sdoubleinefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat________A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.64.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave________A.ahighersenseofsecurity.B.lesssecuredpayments.C.lesschancetoinvest.D.aguaranteedfuture.65.Accordingtotheauthor,healthsavingsplanswill________A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare.B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass.C.pensateforthereducedpensions.D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk.66.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.【答案】SectionCA.EatforYourHealthB.Notonlywillyourbraingetaworkoutbyreadingdifferenttimeperiods,culturesandpeoples.youwillalsohaveinterestingstoriestotellaboutyourreading.C.Practicetellingyourstories,bothnewandold,sothattheyareinterestingandfun.D.Whenanythingyoudobeesyoursecondnature,youneedtomakeachange.E.Learninganewskillworksmultipleareasofthebrain.F.Thereareformalcourses,websitesandbookswithprogramsonhowtotrainyourbraintoworkbetterandfaster.Brainfitnesshasbasicprinciples:varietyandcuriosity.(67)Ifyoucandothecrosswordpuzzleinyoursleep,it'stimeforyoutomoveontoanewchallengeinordertogetthebestworkoutforyourbrain.Curiosityabouttheworldaroundyou,howitworksandhowyoucanunderstanditwillkeepyourbrainworkingfastandefficiently.Usetheideasbelowtohelpimproveyourmentalfitness.LearnaNewSkill(68)Yourmemoryesintoplay,youlearnnewmovementsandyouassociatethingsdifferently.ReadingShakespeare,learningtocookandbuildinganairplaneoutoftoothpicksallwillchallengeyourbrainandgiveyousomethingtothinkabout.TellGoodStoriesStoriesareawaythatwestrengthenmemories,interpreteventsandsharemoments.(69)Somebasicstorytellingtechniqueswillgoalongwayinkeepingpeople'sinterestbothinyouandinwhatyouhavetosay.EatforYourBrainYourbrainneedsyoutoeathealthyfats.Focusonfishoilsfromwildsalmon,nutssuchaswalnuts,andseeds.Eatmoreofthesefoodsandlesssaturatedfats(飽和脂肪).ReadSomethingDifferentBooksareportable,freefromlibrariesandfilledwithinfiniteinterestingcharacters,informationandfacts.Branchoutfromfamiliarreadingtopics.Ifyouusuallyreadhistorybooks,tryacontemporarynovel.Readforeignauthors,theclassicsandrandombooks.(70)【答案】D68.E69.C70.BIV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Regularexercisecanreduceawoman’sriskofcancer,butthebenefitsmayslipawayifshegetstoolittlesleep,U.S.researcherssaidonMonday.Thestudyinvolving5,968womeninMarylandconfirmedpreviousfindingsthatpeoplewhodoregularphysicalactivityarelesslikelytodevelopcancer.Butwhentheresearcherslookedatthewomenages18to65whowereintheupperhalfintermsoftheamountofphysicalexercisetheygotperweek,theyfoundthatsleepappearedtoplayanimportantroleincancerrisk.Thosewhosleptlessthansevenhoursnightlyhada47percenthigherriskofcancerthanthosewhogotmoresleepamongthephysicallyactivewomen,theresearchersreportedatameetingoftheAmericanAssociationforCancerResearch.“Wethinkit’squiteinterestingandintriguing.It’skindofafirstlookintothis.Itisn’tsomethingthathasbeenwidelystudied,”JamesMcClainoftheNationalCancerInstitute,partoftheU.S.government’sNationalInstitutesofHealth,saidinatelephoneinterview.McClain,wholedthestudy,saiditisunclearexactlyhowgettingtoolittlesleepmaymakeonemoresusceptible（易受感染的）

tocancer.“Gettingadequatesleephasbeenlongassociatedwithhealth,”McClainsaid.TheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventioncallssleeplossanunderrecognizedpublichealthproblem,sayingAmericansaregettinglessandlessslumber.TheCDCP

saidthepercentageofadultsreportingsleepingsixhoursorlessanightincreasedfrom1985to2006.Sleepexpertssaychronicsleeplossisassociatedwithobesity,diabetes,highbloodpressure,stroke,cardiovasculardisease,depression,cigarettesmokingandexcessivedrinking.Inaddition,researchhadshownthatpeoplewhogetregularexercisehaveareducedriskofbreast,colonandothertypesofcancer.Expertsthinktheeffectsofexerciseonthebody’shormonelevels,immunefunctionandbodyweightmayplayanimportantrole.【答案】USresearchershave

foundthatregularexercisesmayhaveanactiveeffectonthebody’shormonelevels,immunefunction

andbodyweightwhichthusmayreducetheriskofcancer(要點1，要點５),butthebenefitsmayslipawayifshegetstoolittlesleep

(要點1),especiallylessthansevenhoursnightly(要點2)

which

maycausesuchhealthproblemsasobesity,depressionandsoon.(要點4)

However,

itisstillunclearexactlyhowsleepinglittlemaymakepeople

moresusceptibletocancer.(要點3)(76words)ionDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets,由于全球氣候變暖,海平面在一點點地上升。(consequence)73.改革開放也使民族精神獲得