ActiveLearning

Mostpeople_______(認(rèn)為，假定)____thehumanbrainisseton“________(自動的，無意識的)”—thatmeansitlearnsall____itself.Butthisisn’talwaystrue.Weneedtotrain()ourselvestobebetterlearners—to______________________(積極參與)thelearningprocess()andto_________(仔細(xì)思考)_____we_________(learn).Thesekindsoflearningbehaviours_________(call)“activelearning”.I___________(建議做)fivethingsto________________(積極主動)yourlearning.很多人認(rèn)為人類的大腦是“自動運行的”，這是說大腦能自動學(xué)習(xí)。但事實并非總是如此。我們需要訓(xùn)練自己成為更好的學(xué)習(xí)者——積極參與學(xué)習(xí)過程并反思學(xué)到的東西。這些學(xué)習(xí)行為叫做“主動學(xué)習(xí)”。要做到積極主動地學(xué)習(xí)，我建議嘗試以下五件事。1

Listentotheoutervoice

There_____twokindsofvoices:theinnervoiceandthe_____(外部的)voice.Yourinnervoiceexpressesyourpersonalopinions,while()theoutervoicetellsyouaboutopinionsfrom_____youhearorread.Althoughyourinnervoicecanbeuseful,itcanalso_________________(擋路，妨礙)oflearning._____youkeep______toomuch__________(關(guān)注)it,you__________(冒險錯過)importantinformation.Instead,activelearnersare_________(思想開明的，愿意考慮不同意見的)andfocuson_____thespeaker/writerissaying,noton_____theirbrainissayinginthebackground._________________(通過這種方式),theyareinabetterposition_________________(做決策).有兩種聲音：內(nèi)心的聲音和外部的聲音。內(nèi)心聲音表達(dá)你的個人意見，而外部的聲音告訴你關(guān)于聽到或者讀到的觀點。雖然你內(nèi)心的聲音很有用，但它也可能妨礙學(xué)習(xí)。如果你一直過于關(guān)注它，就可能錯過重要信息。相反，主動學(xué)習(xí)者是開放的，專注于說話人或者作者所說的話，而不是自己的大腦在背景中說的話。通過這種方式，他們可以更好地做出決策。2

Arguewithyourinnervoice

_____youfindyourinnervoicedifficult___________(control),youcan_________(爭吵)it_____mostactivelearnersdo._____yourinnervoicetellsyouaspeaker/writeriswrong,thinkabout_____thespeaker/writermayberight.Be_________(靈活的，可變通的)inyouropinionsandyoumight_________________(最后同意)thespeaker/writerafterall._____(如果沒有),atleastyouhave“_________(listen)to”anotherpointofview().如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)心的聲音難以控制，可以像大多數(shù)主動學(xué)習(xí)者那樣和它爭論。當(dāng)你的內(nèi)心聲音告訴你一個說話人或作者是錯誤的時候，想想為什么說話人或作者可能是對的。靈活處理你的意見，你最終可能會同意說話人或者作者的觀點。如果沒有，至少你已經(jīng)“聽過”了另一種觀點。3

Askquestions

______________(問問題)isthe_______(easy)waytopromote()activelearning._____yougetinformationfromsomeone,frombooksortheInternet,asktwo,three,evenfivequestionsaboutthetopic.Theanswerswillleadyouto()furtherlearning,andthe____actof_____________(弄懂sth，計算出)questionswillhelpyoutoachievea_____(high)levelofunderstandingaboutthetopic.___________(總而言之):Donotstop_____________(curious).提出問題是促進(jìn)積極學(xué)習(xí)的最簡單方法。當(dāng)你從某人、書籍或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上獲得信息時，就這個話題問兩個、三個甚至五個問題。答案將引導(dǎo)你進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)，解決問題的行為將幫助你對主題有更高的理解。簡而言之：不要停止好奇。4

Gettothetruth

Activelearnersdonotaccepteverythingtheylearn.They___________(嘗試)findthetruthattheheartof()eachidea.Evenwhenanideasounds()__________(完全不可能的),theremaybe___________(一個方面)ofit_______________(以...為根據(jù))_____(true).Soifsomeonesaysthat__________(恐龍)still_____(存在)today,thinkabout_____theybelievethis.Wheredoestheideaefrom?Dotheyhaveenough_____(資料，數(shù)據(jù))tosupporttheirviews?_____youtrytofindout__________(來源)anidea,_____________(不管多么)crazyitseems,youwillincreaseyourchanceoflearningsomething.主動學(xué)習(xí)者不會全盤接受學(xué)到的東西，而是努力從每個觀點的最核心處尋找真相。即使某個想法聽起來完全不可能，其中也可能有某個方面是基于事實的。因此，如果有人說現(xiàn)在還有恐龍，那就想想他們?yōu)槭裁磿嘈胚@一點。這個想法來自哪里？他們是否有足夠的數(shù)據(jù)來支持自己的觀點？如果你試圖找出一個想法的來源，無論這個想法看起來多么不可思議，你都更有機(jī)會學(xué)到一些東西。5

Focusonthemessage

Manypeople__________(錯過)learningopportunitiesbecausetheylettheirfeelings___________________(擋道，阻礙).Theyrefuse_________(learn)or_______(忽視)______issaidbecauseof_____thespeaker/writeris.Itistrue_____we_________________(禁不住不喜歡)somepeople—thisishumannature(),afterall.Butdonotforgetyoucanstilllearnfromthem.Activelearnersdonotjudgepeople_____________________________(基于第一印象)orpersonalfeelings.______(相反),theyseparatethemessage_____themessenger.Thisgoestheotherway________(也)—donotjust_______(認(rèn)為，假定)thatsomepeoplearealwaysrightbecauseof_____theyareorjustbecausetheyareyourfriends.許多人因為受到自己情感的阻礙而錯過了學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會。他們因為說話人或作者的身份而拒絕學(xué)習(xí)或者忽視他們所說的內(nèi)容。確實，我們難免會不喜歡某些人——畢竟這是人的本性。但不要忘記你仍然可以向他們學(xué)習(xí)。主動學(xué)習(xí)者不會根據(jù)第一印象或個人感受來判斷人。相反，他們將信息與信息提供者分開。反之亦然——不要僅僅因為某些人的身份或僅僅因為他們是你的朋友就認(rèn)為他們總是正確的。1.Thepassageislikelytoappearina/n____.A.novel B.guidebrochureC.educationalmagazine D.bookreview2.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?3.Whatdoestheauthoragreewith?A.Onecan’tlearnwellwithoutteachers.B.Wecandonothingtochangeourwayoflearning.C.Wecanbeebetterlearnersbytraining.D.Humanbrainalwayslearnsautomatically.4.Accordingtoparagraph1,activelearningincludes_______.A.activeparticipationB.learningallbyourselvesC.goingoverwhatwehavelearntD.bothBandC5.Ifyoulistentotheoutervoice,________.A.youwillignoreothers’opinionsB.youwillmakebetterdecisionsC.youwillexpressyourpersonalopinionsbetterD.youwillconcentrateonwhatyourbrainissaying6.Whatshouldyoudoifyouthinkanotherpersoniswrong?A.Arguewithhim/her.B.Followyourheart.C.Thinkinhis/hershoes.D.Agreewithhim/herunconditionally.7.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Wemustaskothersquestionswhenlearningknowledge.B.Themorequestions,thebetterunderstanding.C.Alearnercan’tbetoocurioustofindinformationaboutthetopic.D.Wemustaskeasyquestionstopromoteactivelearning.8.Howdoestheauthordevelopthisparagraph?A.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bylistingnumbers.D.Bymakingparisons.課文語篇填空Thehumanbraindoesnotalwayswork1.____________(automatic),soweneedtotrain2.__________(our)tobeactivelearners.Therearemanythingswecando3.___________(bee)activelearners.Weallhavetwovoices—ourinnervoiceandoutervoice.Ourinnervoicetellsus4.________(person)opinionsandourouter