學科教師輔導講義

授課類型T定語從句基本知識要點C定語從句專題IT解題技巧

授課日期及時段

教學內(nèi)容

一、同步知識梳理

知識點1：定語從句的定義及相關術語

術語定義說明

定語從句修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從注意三點：

句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。1）把從句看成是一個整體，在主句

中做定語；

2）其做的是主句中某一個名詞或代

詞的定語；

3）其對這個名詞或代詞起到限定修

飾或補充說明的作用。

先行詞被定語從句修飾的那個名詞或代詞稱為注意三點：

先行詞。1）被定語從句所限定修飾；

2）其在主句中；

3）其詞性是名詞或代詞。

關系詞引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞稱為關系詞。關系詞常有三個作用：

關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。1）引導定語從句；

2）代替先行詞；

3）在定語從句中充當一定成分。

例：HarryPotteristhemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveread.（thatIhaveread是定語從句；novel

是先行詞；that是關系代詞，代替先行詞novel,在從句中作haveread的賓語。）

知識點2：關系詞

關系詞指代人或物定語從句中充當?shù)某煞?/p>

that人或物主語、賓語、表語

which物或主句內(nèi)容主語、賓語

關系

who人主語、賓語

代詞

whom人賓語

whose(=ofwhom=ofwhich)人或物的定語

as物或主句內(nèi)容主語、賓語

when(=適當介詞+which)時間狀語

關系

where(=適當介詞+which)地點狀語

副詞

why(forwhich)原因狀語

知識點3：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

通過下表對比限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句

從句與先行詞從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省去，從句只是對先行詞的附加說明，如果省去，

的關系主句的意思就會不完整或不明確。主句的意思仍然清楚或完整。

標點無逗號有逗號

關指人who(that)whom指人who（作主語）whom（作賓語）

系指物which(that)指物which

代指人和物的whose人和物的whose

詞關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省去關系代詞一般不可省

修飾名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，也可以是整個句子

翻譯定語從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語從句通常被譯成另一個獨立的句子

二、同步例題分析

知識點1:關系代詞的用法

例1：totaketheEnglishEveningCourse,pleasefillinthisform.

A.ThosewhowantB.AnyonewantsC.ThosethatwantD.Peoplewant

例2：LiMing,totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.

A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim

例3：Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?

A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose

例4：Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked

例5：Themanhasarrived.

A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyou

C.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout

知識點2：關系副詞的用法

例1：Thisisthehotellastmonth.

A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed

例2：DoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich

例3：Theydidn'texplainthereasontheyhadcanceledtherehearsal.

A.thatB.whyC.whatD.which

知識點3：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

例1：Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,cameasasurprise.

A.itB.thatC.whichD.he

例2：Womendrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose

don't.

2）who,不填B.不填，whoC.who,whoD,不填，不填

例3：Itisreportedthattwoschools,arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.

A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich

三、課堂達標檢測

檢測題（一）：用適當?shù)年P系詞填空

1.IstillrememberthenightIfirstcametothehouse.

2.Filneverforgetthedaywemeteachotherlastweek.

3.Mr.BlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,isthebestseasonthere.

4.IwillneverforgetthedaysIspentwithyourfamily.

5.Filneverforgetthelastdaywespenttogether.

6.ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.

7.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedlastweek?

8.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedthepaintingexhibition?

9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,isfamousfortheWestLake?

10.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,liestheWestLake?

11.TomwillgotoShanghai,livehistwobrothers.

12.1liveinBeijing,isthecapitalofChina.

13.TherewasatimetherewereslavesintheUSA.

14.Itisthethirdtimeyouhavemadethesamemistake.

15.ItwasinthestreetImetJohnyesterday.

16.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

17.ThemomentIsawyou,Irecognized（認出）you.

18.Thisistheverynovelabout__we'vetalkedsomuch.

19.Thisisthewayhedidit.

20.Whoisthestudentwaslateforschooltoday?

21.Whoknowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?

22.Whatelsewasthereinmybrotheryoudidn'tlike?

23.Helivesintheroomwindowfacestothesouth.

24.Helivesintheroom,thewindowfacestothesouth.

25.ThisisMr.JohnforsonIbroughtabookyesterday.

26.ThisisMr.JohnforIboughtabookyesterday.

27.Thisisthehourtheplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.

28.AndthereisonepointI'dlikeyouradvice.

29.Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.

30.1hopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplaceyoumayspendyourweekend.

檢測題（二）：改錯

1.ThisisallwhichIwanttosay.

2.Themanwhonevermakemistakesnevermakesanything.

3.ThisisthebookaboutthatItoldyoulasttime.

4.ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.

5.Whichweallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.

6.TheradiosetwhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong.

7.1sthistheclassroomwhichyouhaveclasseseveryday?

8.Myglasses,withwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.

9.Heisamanofgreatexperience,fromwhomuchcanbelearned.

10.1haveboughtthesamedresswhichsheiswearing.

一、專題精講

知識點1:關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇

例1:

neverforgetthedaysweworkedonthefarmyearsago.

rilneverforgetthedayswespentonthefarmyearsago.

(2)Pisaisacitystandsaleaningtower.

Pisaisacityhasaleaningtower.

(3)Thereasonhewasabsentfromthemeetingwasthathismotherfellillsuddenly.

Thereasonhegaveforhisabsencefromthemeetingwasthathismotherfellillsuddenly.

例2：

(1)Isthismuseumyouvisitedafewdaysago?

A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

(2)Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.

A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

例3：Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcenter,isalwaysbusyattheweekend.

A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which

例4：Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained

C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

例5：Anyway,thatevening,Plltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachefsplace.

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which

知識點2：that和which的選擇

例1：Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what

例2：HeistheonlypersonIwanttothank.

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./

例3：It'soneofthemostinterestingstoriesIhaveread.

A.which,neverB.that,everC.that,neverD.which,ever

例4：riltellyouhetoldmelastnight.

A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all

例5：It'sthethirdtimeinNanjingthismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whichyouarrivedC.thatyou'vearrivedD.whichyou'vearrived

例6：Whoisthemanwasthere?

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom

例7：Shanghaiisnolongerthecityitusedtobe.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as

例8；Wrestlingisasportin__peopleeasilygethurt.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what

只用that不用which的情況

1.當先行詞為不定代詞或者先行詞被any,all,much,Thereisnothing(that)Icansayaboutit.

no,little,few等修飾時。Heisoneofthefewthatcanworkitoutinfive

minutes.

2.先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。ThisisthebestbasketballmatchthatIhaveever

seen.

3.先行詞被theonly或thevery修飾時。Theonlythingthatwecandoistoaskour

teachers9help.

4.先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。WhenforeignerstalkaboutChina,thefirstthat

comestomindistheGreatWall.

5.先行詞既包含人又包含物時。Theytalkedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthat

theyhadvisited.

6.先行詞是疑問代詞時。Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminthe

game?

7.先行詞在邏輯上充當定語從句的表語時。Thisisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.

只用which不用that的情況

1.關系詞前有介詞緊密連接，指物的只能用介Hewroteabookinwhichwecouldlearnabouthis

+whicholife.

2.在非限制性定語從句中。Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheart

tohermouth.

知識點3：as和which的選擇

例1：WheneverImethim,____wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.

19.whatB.whichC.thatD.when

例2：isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.

A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As

例3：Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.

A.asB.thatC.whatD.which

例4：hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.

A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which

例5：Ihaveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

知識點4：whose的用法

例1：RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.

1.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose

翻譯句子：

這就是昨晚窗戶破掉的那所房子。

知識點5：高考對關系副詞where的考查

例1：Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingfbragreatchance.

A.howB.whichC.whereD.that

例2：We'rejusttryingtoreachapointbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which

例3：He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.

A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why

知識點6：“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句

例1：TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.

A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

例2：Istillrememberthedayshefirstworethatgreendress.

A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich

例3：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.

A.thatB.towhoC.fromwhomD.towhom

例4：Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobstheyarebeingtrained.

l.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich

例5：Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.

A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat

知識點7：theway作先行詞的定語從句

以iheway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由inwhich或由at引導，而且通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾?/p>

Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。

Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子。

例1：Idon'tlikeyouspeaktoher.

A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

例2：Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.

A.inthewayB.inthewaythatC.thewaythatD.thewaywhich

例3：翻譯下列句子：

他解釋給我們的那種方法是簡單的。

他給我們解釋這個句子的方式難以理解。

知識點8：定語從句中的主謂一致

定語從句中，關系詞作主語時，應特別注意主謂一致現(xiàn)象。這時，先行詞起決定作用，因為關系詞所指即為先行

詞，主謂一致實際上就是先行詞和謂語動詞的一致。請看下列各題：

(1)1whoyourfriend,willdoeveiythingIcantohelpyou.

(2)Heistheonlyoneofuswhofondofsuchthings.

l.Heisoneofuswhofondofsuchthings.

批注：

1)關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.

2)oneof+復數(shù)名詞+關系代詞+復數(shù)動詞；而theonlyoneof+復數(shù)名詞+關系代詞+單數(shù)動詞；nottheonlyone

of…=oneof.??(前面的兩個是重點，nottheonlyoneof...不是?？键c，要求學生理解。)

3)非限制性定語從句中，由關系代詞as或which代替整個主句時，從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。

Hehaspassedtheexam,whichmakesussurprised.

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.

4)關系代詞和謂語動詞之間有插入語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)要看關系代詞的指代。

ToownaTVsetineachfamily,whichwethinkwasimpossible3()yearsago,nowhasbecometrue.

例1:用所給詞的正確形式填空

l.Heisoneofthestudentswho(have)passedtheexam.

2.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho(have)passedtheexam.

3.Heisnottheonlyoneofthestudentswho(have)passedtheexam.

4.Theidea,whichIthink(be)reasonable,wasbroughtupbyTomyesterday.

5.1stillremembertheteachersandtheschoolthat(be)talkedofyesterdayevening.

二、專題過關

檢測題(一)：

1.IhaveboughtsuchawatchwasadvertisedonTV.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

2.Icanneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.

A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when

3.Thewayhelooksatproblemsiswrong.

A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./

4.Thisisthereasonhedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich

5.Thismachine,formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.

A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter

C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter

6.Thereasonhedidn*tcomewashewasill.

A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what

7.Heisworkinghard,willmakehimpassthefinalexam.

A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who

8.ThatisnotthewayIdoit.

A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich

9.1havetwogrammars,areofgreatuse.

A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich

10.1wanttousethesametoolsusedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.

A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which

11.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,wasverykindofthem.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it

12.ThisisthemagazineIcopiedtheparagraph.

A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich

13.Heisnotsuchamanwouldleavehisworkhalfdone.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as

14.Youcandependonwhateverpromisehemakes.

A./B.whyC.whenD.whose

15.Smoking,isabadhabit,is,however,popular.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.though

16.---Didyouasktheguardhappened?

-Yes,hetoldmeallheknew.

A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that

17.1shallneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which

18.Thenumberofthepeoplewhocarsincreasing.

A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are

19.Duringthedays,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.

A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed

20.Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?

A.thatB./C.whichD.it

21.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,hecouldseewasgoingoninsidehouse.

A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that

22.IssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?

A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere

23.Johngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected.

A.asB.thatC.whatD.who

24.1haveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.

A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich

25.Allthatcanbeeateneatenup.

A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen

三、學法提煉

1、專題特點：

1）注重考查關系代詞和關系副詞的基本功能和用法；

2）重點考查多種從句的區(qū)別，具體語境中的運用；

3）題目在句意上緊跟時代，在結(jié)構上越來越復雜。

2、解題方法：

1）一找：找出先行詞（在主句中找名詞或代詞）；

2）二放：把先行詞放到從句中；

3）三判斷：判斷先行詞在從句中所作的成分。

3、注意事項：

1）準確掌握關系代詞和關系副詞的基本意義和用法;

2）正確劃分句子結(jié)構；

3）結(jié)合語境選定所需要的關系詞。

⑶能力培養(yǎng)

例題：

Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseoffreeorreducedpricephonecallswhichexpertspointoutismisleadingforihe

averagebusiness,butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexplodedbytheremoteworker-facilitiessuchas

voice-mailandcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofihecompanyimageforcustomersandbusinessparlners.

方法總結(jié)：關注定語從句結(jié)構的完整性，準確分析句子結(jié)構，找出各個知識點之間的關聯(lián)。

檢測題(一)：分析句子結(jié)構

l.Tous,themostimportantdecisionyou'llmakeisthattochoosetheschoolthatreallyfitsyoubest-nottheonethatisthe

mostcompetitiveorhasthebest—equipped.

2.Meanwhile,AppleComputer,whichlaunchedavideocapableversionofitsiPodportablemusicplayerinOctober,is

strikingdealswithtelevisionworkstoexpandtherangeofshowsthatcanbepurchasedforviewingonthedevice,including

"Lost",“DesperateHousewives,,and"Law&Order”.

檢測題(二)：改錯

1.Thefactorywhereheworksthereisalargeone.

(2)ThisisthecompanywevisiteditlastSunday.

(3)TherewasatimewhenIhatedgoingtoschoolatthattime.

檢測題(三)：用適當?shù)脑~填空

(l)IsthisbookyouborrowedfromthelibrarylastSunday?

(2)Isthisthefactorycomputersarebuilt?

(3)Isthisfactorywevisitedlastyear?

(4)Isthisthefactorywevisitedlastyear?

(5)ThebossdepartmentMs.Kingworkedtenyearsagolooksdownuponwomen.

(6)Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,Iwillalwaystreasure.

二、能力點評

學法升華

一、知識收獲

I.定語從句關系詞的分類和基本用法是什么？

2.定語從句解題步驟是什么？

3.定語從句特殊點有哪些？

二、方法總結(jié)

1.還原法

2.對比法

3.句子結(jié)構分析法

4.口訣法

5.標點符號法

三、技巧提煉

1.將定語從句還原為完整的句子；

2.判斷句子成分后選擇關系詞；

3.特殊點記憶。

課后作業(yè)

作業(yè)（一）：定語從句基本知識點復習，完成表格

關系詞先行詞充當成分

who

關whom

系

代that

詞

which

whose=ofwhom/ofwhich

as

限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句

從句與先行詞

的關系

標點

關

系

代

詞

修飾

翻譯

作業(yè)（二）：單項選擇（2013高考試題）

1.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparksanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.

A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where

2.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose__liveswereaffected.

A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

3.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,madeoneoftheChinesepeople'slong-helddreams

cometrue.

A.itB.thatC.whatD.which

4.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.

A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which

5.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.

A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

6.Hewrotealetterheexplainswhathadhappenedintheaccident.

A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how

7.Hemaywinthecompetition,heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.

A.inwhichcaseB.inthatcaseC.inwhatcaseD.inwhosecase

8.Thereisnosimpleanswer,isoftenthecaseinscience.

A.asB.thatC.whenD.where

9.Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.

A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom

10.isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.

A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As

11.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmenttheylive.

A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

12.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,isannouncedintoday'snewspaper.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what

13.“Youcan9tjudgeabookbyitscover,5,.

A.asthesayinggoesoldB.goesastheoldsaying

C.astheoldsayinggoesD.goesasoldthesaying

14.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofarefamilymembers.

A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom

15.Thechildren,hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.

A.allofwhatB.allofwhichC.allofthemD.allofwhom

16.Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatformvisitorscanwatchthebirds*

glasshousesbeingbuilt.

A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why

作業(yè)（三）：請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入二仝最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。

Therearemanythingsthatwewishtoachieveinlife.Forsome,wesetgoalsandobjectives,andfbrsomewedon't.Try

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Settinggoalsforcompletingthedailyschedulehelpsanemployeetofinishtheassignedtasksandtargetsinatimely

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Howmanytimesyouhavetobeatworkonaweekendjusttocompleteyourwork?Howmanytimesyouhavehadtostay

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