SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures每/日/金/句：Hewhounderstandsmusiccanbefreefromallworldlytroubles.領(lǐng)悟音樂的人，能從一切世俗的苦惱中超脫出來。語言基礎(chǔ)集釋1(教材P54)．..hefoundthatcreatingmusicwasareliefandcureforhisillness.他發(fā)覺創(chuàng)作音樂是一種對自己疾病的緩解和治療?！騬eliefn．(焦慮、苦痛的)減輕或消退；(不快過后的)寬慰、輕松或解脫(1)with/inrelief 如釋重負(fù)；松了口氣withrelief強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；inrelief強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)toone'srelief 令某人欣慰的是Itisarelieftodosth. 做某事是一種解脫(2)relievevt. 救出；解脫；使脫離relievesb.of... 幫助某人減輕……(3)relievedadj. 感到寬慰的，放心的[佳句]Tomyrelief,Ihavemadesomeprogressthroughmyhardpractice.令我寬慰的是，通過努力練習(xí)我已經(jīng)取得了一些進(jìn)步。[練通]——單句語法填空①Seeingthefiercewolfrunningaway,allofuswere________relief.②Knowingthatyouareconcernedaboutmypresentstate,I'mmorethangratefuland________(relieve)．[寫美]——應(yīng)用文佳句③發(fā)覺我的家人都安穩(wěn)無恙，我感到極大的欣慰。________________________________thatmyfamilywereallsafe.◎curevt.治愈；治好(疾病)；解決(問題)n．藥物；治療；(解決問題、改善糟糕狀況的)措施(1)acurefor...……的治療方法；解決問題的措施(2)curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的某種疾?。桓恼橙说牟涣夹袨閇佳句]Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。[練通]——單句語法填空④Toourrelief,ourresearchershavesucceededinfindingacure________theCOVID-19.⑤Thefreshairandexercisecuredhim________hissleeplessness,whichmadehimfeelrelief.2(教材P54)Whenhegotabsorbedinhisworldofmusic,hefeltasifhecould“see”thebeautyoftheworldaroundhim,likehehadinhispreviouslife.當(dāng)他沉醉在音樂的世界里時(shí)，他覺得自己仿佛能“看到”四周世界的美，就像他前世一樣?！騡et/beabsorbedinsth./sb.被……吸引住；用心致志于……中(1)absorbedadj. 聚精會(huì)神的beabsorbedin... 聚精會(huì)神于……(2)absorbvt. 汲取；吸引；運(yùn)用心absorboneselfin... 聚精會(huì)神于……[佳句]Allinall,musiccanmakeusfeelmoresatisfiedandrelaxed,thusmakingusmoreabsorbedinourstudy.總而言之，音樂能夠使我們感到更滿足，更放松，因此使我們更加聚精會(huì)神于我們的學(xué)習(xí)。[練通]——揣測加黑詞的含義①Variousjobsinthecityabsorbedagreatnumberofwomeninthecountryside.________②Weplantmoretreeswiththeaimofabsorbingmorecarbondioxide.________③Itriedtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundme，thusprovingmyability.________[寫美]——一句多譯他用心致志地彈鋼琴，沒有留意到夜幕駕臨 了。④He________________playingthepiano,sohehedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.⑤________________playingthepiano,hedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.(分詞作狀語)⑥________________playingthepiano，hedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.(分詞作狀語)3(教材P54)Wellknownasasuccessfulband,theImpactmembersshowquiteafewstrikingqualities.眾所周知，作為一個(gè)勝利的樂隊(duì)，沖擊力樂隊(duì)成員們顯示出相當(dāng)多的驚人品質(zhì)?！騣mpactn．巨大影響；強(qiáng)大作用；沖擊力haveanimpactonuponhaveaneffecton[佳句]WhenIwasyoung,Ididn'tknowmuchabouttheharmfulimpactsofsmoking.在我年輕的時(shí)候，關(guān)于吸煙的危害我知道的并不多。[寫美]——一句多譯不行否認(rèn)，閱讀有關(guān)傳統(tǒng)文化的書籍會(huì)對兒童有良好的影響。①Thereisnodenyingthatreadingbooksoftraditionalculturecan_______________．(effect)②Thereisnodenyingthatreadingbooksoftraditionalculturecan______________．(impact)③Thereisnodenyingthatreadingbooksoftraditionalculturecan____________．(influence)4(教材P54)Filledwithteamspirit,theyactasawhole,alwaysaimingforglory.充溢團(tuán)隊(duì)精神，他們作為一個(gè)整體，總是追求榮譽(yù)?！騛imn．目的；目標(biāo)vi.&vt.力求達(dá)到；力爭做到；瞄準(zhǔn)vt.目的是；旨在(1)withtheaimof 以期……，意在……achieveone'saim 達(dá)到某人的目的takeaimat 向……瞄準(zhǔn)(2)aimatdoingsth.力爭做到某事aimtodosth. 旨在做某事beaimedat (安排或想法等)旨在……，目的是……(3)aimlessadj. 漫無目的的aimlesslyadv. 漫無目的地[佳句]Theaimofthefestivalistoincreasepeople'sawarenessofChinesecultureandtraditions.該節(jié)日的目的在于提高人們對中國文化和傳統(tǒng)的相識(shí)。[練通]——單句語法填空①I'mwritingtosincerelyinviteyoutojointhetabletennisteaminourschool________(aim)todevelopourinterestsandimproveourskills.②Therewasatimewhenhehadnothingtodo,wandering________(aim)inthestreetalltheday.[寫美]——一句多譯為了豐富我們的校內(nèi)生活，在我們學(xué)校將會(huì)有一場中國民樂音樂會(huì)。③TherewillbeaChineseFolkMusicConcertinourschool________________enrichingourschoollife.④TherewillbeaChineseFolkMusicConcertinourschool,________________enrichingourschoollife.⑤TherewillbeaChineseFolkMusicConcertinourschool,________________enrichourschoollife.語法專項(xiàng)突破過去分詞作表語和狀語[自主感知]1．BornintheUSAon2January1970,WhitacrebeganstudyingmusicattheUniversityofNevadain1988.2．Movedbythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.”3．Inspired,heaskedhisfanstomakevideos,whichhethenjoinedtogetherintooneperformance.4．Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.5．Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.[我的發(fā)覺]句④⑤中的加黑詞為過去分詞作________，句①②③中的加黑詞為過去分詞作________。[語法規(guī)則]一、過去分詞作表語1．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：用在系動(dòng)詞后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，此時(shí)過去分詞大多已變成了形容詞。①Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.看完信后，他顯得很憂慮。②Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved.聽到這件事時(shí)，我們被深深地感動(dòng)了。2．過去分詞作表語時(shí)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)分過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)從形式上與被動(dòng)語態(tài)相同，但被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所承受的動(dòng)作。試比較：Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是被湯姆打破的。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))3．現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)分英語中有許多與感覺有關(guān)的及物動(dòng)詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，即“令人有某種感覺的”，多用來修飾物；其過去分詞含有被動(dòng)意義，即“人被引起某種感覺的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。常用的這類詞有：exciting令人激動(dòng)的astonishing令人驚訝的surprising令人吃驚的discouraging令人沮喪的disappointing令人失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的frightening令人害怕的interesting令人感興趣的moving感人的shocking令人震驚的tiring令人疲勞的worrying令人擔(dān)心的satisfying令人滿意的puzzling令人迷惑的①Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我們對他在會(huì)上講的話很是驚異。②Hiswordswerediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的話令人泄氣，使得許多人垂頭喪氣。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Icouldn'tquitebelievemyluck—itturnedoutnoonegot________(hurt)．②The________lookonherfacesuggestedthatshewas________bythe________scene.(frighten)③Thenewswas________andtheywereall________atit.(excite)④Theaudiencewereall________totearsbythe________film.(move)⑤Iwas________(disappoint)atthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.⑥Althoughthedevelopmentofoilsandisfacedwithkindsofchallenges,itsfutureis________(encourage)．二、過去分詞作狀語1．過去分詞作狀語的類型過去分詞作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間、讓步、條件、緣由、方式和結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。其邏輯主語為主句的主語，且與主句主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(1)作時(shí)間狀語相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句。可在過去分詞前加上連詞when,while,until等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。①Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob，Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.當(dāng)被問到對教學(xué)工作的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，菲利普說他覺得它既好玩又有意義。(2)作緣由狀語相當(dāng)于緣由狀語從句或并列句。②Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting,hedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于用心畫畫，約翰沒有留意到夜幕正在駕臨 。(3)作條件狀語相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句?？杉舆B詞if,unless等轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語從句。③Givenmoretime,thetreescouldgrowtaller.＝Iftheyweregivenmoretime,thetreescouldgrowtaller.假如再多給一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，這些樹會(huì)長得更高。(4)作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句?？杉觓lthough,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or等連詞轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語從句。④Leftaloneathome,Johndidn'tfeelafraidatall.＝Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,Johndidn'tfeelafraidatall.雖然約翰被單獨(dú)留在家里，但他一點(diǎn)都不膽怯 。(5)作方式、伴隨狀語相當(dāng)于and連接的并列句。⑤Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved.＝Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.她接受了禮物，被深深地感動(dòng)了。[名師點(diǎn)津]值得留意的是，有些過去分詞(短語)因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)而重在描述主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞(短語)常見的有：lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);dressedin(穿著);tiredof(厭煩)。⑥Lostinthought,hedidn'thearthebell.由于陷入深思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。2．過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的位置過去分詞作條件、緣由剛好間狀語時(shí)，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，通常放在句末；作方式狀語時(shí)，一般放在句末，有時(shí)也放在句首；作讓步狀語時(shí)，一般放在句首，有時(shí)也放在句末。①Admittedintoakeyuniversity,thegirlwasveryexcitedandburstintotears.(緣由狀語)由于被一所重點(diǎn)高校錄用了，女孩激烈得淚流滿面。②Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.(方式狀語)老人在兒子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。3．過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)分過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表示被動(dòng)；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動(dòng)。[巧學(xué)助記]分詞作狀語記憶口訣分詞作狀語，主語是問題。前后兩動(dòng)作，共用一主語。主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。主動(dòng)用-ing，被動(dòng)用-ed。①Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)由于用了很長時(shí)間，這本書看上去陳舊。②Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.(主謂關(guān)系)在運(yùn)用這本書時(shí)，我發(fā)覺它很有用。[名師點(diǎn)津]無論是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，其邏輯主語必需和句子的主語一樣。假如不一樣，則必需用狀語從句、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等其他表達(dá)形式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(×)Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(√)[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①________(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.②When