定語(yǔ)從句Theattributiveclause觀(guān)察以下短語(yǔ)并討論什么叫定語(yǔ)(attribute)?ThegreentreeTheinterestingbookAfrightenedboyAwomandoctorAwashingmachineTask1對(duì)一個(gè)名詞起修飾、限定作用的成分叫定語(yǔ)，一個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般前置。(1)Shewasapopulargirl.

Shewaswillingtomakefriendswithme.

Shewasthepopulargirlwhowaswillingtomakefriendswithme.比較下列句子，并大聲朗讀它們。

Task2(2)Davidalsohadafriend.Hetrustedthefriendalot.Davidalsohadafriendwhomhetrustedalot.

什么叫定語(yǔ)從句?Davidalsohadafriendwhomhetrustedalot.

黑色的句子雖然成分完整，但是朋友的范圍不清楚，我們不知到到底在講哪個(gè)朋友；句子whomhetrustedalot對(duì)名詞friend起到限定范圍的作用。所以whomhetrustedalot是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)，但這個(gè)定語(yǔ)不是一個(gè)詞，而是一個(gè)句子。所以這個(gè)句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。

Task3Davidalsohadafriendwhomhetrustedalot.

主句

定語(yǔ)從句

先行詞

關(guān)系代詞Task4指出下列句子中的主句、定語(yǔ)從句、關(guān)系代詞、先行詞關(guān)系詞先行詞所指關(guān)系詞在句中作用關(guān)系代詞that人/物主,賓,表which物主,賓who人主,賓whom人賓whose人/物定as人/物/事情主,賓,表關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi)：Task51.Aplaneisamachine__________canfly.2.Theboy___________isreadingthebookisJim.3.Thefish__________weboughtwerenotfresh.4.Theperson_________youjusttalkedtoisJane.5.Passmethebook__________coverisblack.Task6選用關(guān)系代詞完成句子。thatwhichwhowhomwhosethat/whichthat/whothat/whichthat/whom/whowhoseTask7嘗試寫(xiě)含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子。Thegirl__________________ismybestfriend.whoThebook______________isveryinteresting.which/that

FindtheattributiveclausefromthemusicbelowBabywon'tyoutellmewhythereissadnessinyoureyesIdon'twannasaygoodbyetoyouLoveisonebigillusion（幻想，錯(cuò)覺(jué)）IshouldtrytoforgetbutthereissomethingleftinmyheadYou'retheonewhosetitup,nowyou'retheonetomakeitstopI'mtheonewho'sfeelinglostrightnowNowyouwantmetoforgeteverylittlethingyousaidbutthereissomethingleftinmyheadIwon'tforgetthewayyou'rekissingThefeelingssostrongwerelastingforsolongButI'mnotthemanyourheartismissingThat'swhyyougoawayIknowyouwereneversatisfiednomatterhowItriedNowyouwannasaygoodbyetome

1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthevery

thing_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.選用關(guān)系代詞that或which完成句子。知識(shí)歸納一Theboy___________________wemetyesterdayismybestfriend.that/who/whomHeistheboy__________________wetalkedaboutjustnow.that/who/whomThebook___________________youboughtlastweekendisinteresting.that/whichThegirl___________________isinabluedressismybestfriend.Thegirl___________________youhelpedismybestfriend.that/whothat/who/whom關(guān)系代詞什么情況下可以省略？知識(shí)歸納二關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who，whom，which和that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。例如：“Isthereanything(which)youwanted?”（想要什么東西嗎?）。同時(shí)，如果先行詞被all、every等修飾或者先行詞本身就是不定代詞something、anything等的時(shí)候，關(guān)系代詞也通常用that且可以被省略.關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如“Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.”（中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了）中的that就作為表語(yǔ)并被省略了.關(guān)系代詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。比如，“Sheisall(that)ateachershouldbe.”這句話(huà)中的that就是作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)并被省略的.在特定結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。雖然一般說(shuō)來(lái)關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)是不能省略的，但在以下幾種特殊情況也可省略：①當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句為therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)；②當(dāng)主句為therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)；③當(dāng)主句為itis結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)；④在way、time、reason后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。這些特殊用法需要具體語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷和理解.1.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksinwhentherestoftheworldwalksout.2.Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.3.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself,notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.4.…themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship.Readthemagazinearticleaboveandfindouttherestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns.5.Socialmedialikeblogshascomebetweenusandthefriendswhomwelove.6.“Sharing”ourexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressthevalueswhichmattermosttous.7.“Linking”ourfriends’photosonlinedoesnotdeveloptheconnectionwhichweshare.1.Commoninterestsproviderichground.Manyfriendshipsgrowfromrichground.Commoninterestsproviderichground________________________________.fromwhichmanyfriendshipsgrowwhichmanyfriendshipsgrowfrom當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞whom/which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以放在后面也可以提前構(gòu)成介詞+關(guān)系代詞Maryisthegirlwhom/that/whoIborrowedabookfrom.=MaryisthegirlfromwhomIborrowedabook.介詞提前時(shí)關(guān)系代詞不能用that/who知識(shí)歸納三2.Whenfriend’scommunicationiswarmandopen,friendshipsgrowbest.Friendshipsgrowbestbetweenfriends__________________________________.whosecommunicationiswarmandopenfriend’scommunication=whosecommunication3.Friendshipsarelikeflowers.Theseflowersneedtobetakengoodcareof.Friendshipsarelikeflowers____________________________________.

which/thatwhich/thatneedtobetakengoodcareof4.Arelationshipwithatruefriendwillsurelyproducefruit.Youcancountonatruefriend.Arelationshipwithatruefriend______________________________willsurelyproducefruit.whom/who/thatyoucancounton

whom/who/that5.Youhavebeenhelpedbyothers.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpothersinthesameway.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpotherstheway__________________________________________.知識(shí)歸納四先行詞是theway,且在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用that/inwhich引導(dǎo)，也可以省略。Thewaywasnotdifficulttounderstand.Heexplainedthesentencetousintheway.Theway_____________________________________wasnotdifficulttounderstand.Idon’tliketheway_______________youtalktoyourparents.(that/inwhich)(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencestous

Inpairs,describeafriendofyoursusingrestrictiveclauses.PartB3

SampleMybestfriendisHannah.Imetherinaparkwhereweplaybadminton.Oneday,thefriendwhoInormallyplaywithhadtogotohomeearly,andIwasabouttoleavetoo.ThatwasthemomentwhenHannahcameuptomeandaskedifIwantedtoplaywithher.Wegotonreallywellandsoonbecameclosefriends.IknowsheissomeonethatIcanrelyonintimesofdifficulty.Expressyouropiniononfriendsorfriendshipusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns.Let’swrite

SampleFriendshipislikesunshinewhichbringsuswarmthandhappiness.Friendshipisalsooneofthegreatestpleasuresthatwecanenjoy.Whenintrouble,weneedfriendswhocangiveussupportandencouragement.Withsuccessachieved,wealsoneedfriendsthatcanshareourjoys.Weallneedfriendswhosehelpmakesourlifemoreenjoyable.))

thesubjectoftheclausewhichsunshinethatantecedent

Friendshipislikesunshinewhichbringsuswarmthandhappiness.Friendshipisalsooneofthegreatestpleasuresthatwecanenjoy.(

oneofthegreatestpleasurestheobjectoftheclauseantecedent

(

))

the