Module3BodyLanguageandNon-verbalCommunication

PartOne:TeachingDesign

PeriodOne:Reading—SayingItWithoutWords

Goals

TolearntoreadpassageswithAdverbialclauseofconditionandAdverbialclauseofconcession

aboutbodylanguage

Tolearntoreadwithstrategies

Procedures

■WarmingupbydefiningBodyLanguage

Bodylanguageisabroadtermforseveral

formsofcommunicationusingbodyOoinUs

movementsorgestures,insteadof,orasa

complementto,sounds,verballanguage,or

Datit?

otherformsofcommunication.Inturn,itisone

Rnw?

categoryofparalanguage,whichdescribesallbwatiion________________________

formsofhumancommunicationthatarenot用群叱____________________________________

language.

■Beforeyouread

Pleasegooverthewordlistforthismodule,

payingattentiontothepronunciationofthe

word,therelationshipbetweenits

pronunciationanditsspelling.

■Whileyouread

Cut/thesentencesintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicates,underlinetheusefulexpressionsand

darkentheconnectives.

SayingItWithoutWords

Ifyousaytheword"communication”,mostpeoplethinkofwords/andsentences.Although

theseareveryimportant,wecommunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords.Indeed,

bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall/"bodylanguage”.Weseeexamplesofunconsciousbody

language/veryoften,yet/thereisalso“l(fā)earned“bodylanguage,whichvaries/fromcultureto

culture.

Weuse“l(fā)earned“bodylanguage/whenweareintroduced/tostrangers.Likeotheranimals,

weareonguard/untilweknow/itissafe/torelax.So/everyculturehasdevelopedaformalway/

togreetstrangers,toshowthem/wearenotaggressive.Traditionally,EuropeansandAmericans/

shakehands.Theydothis/withtherighthand一thestrongesthand/formostpeople.Ifourright

handisbusy/greetingsomeone,itcannotbeholdingaweapon.So/thegestureissaying,“Itrust

you.Look,I'mnotcarryingathreateningweapon.^^Ifyoushakehands/withsomeone,youshow/

youtrustthem.Weshakehands/whenwemakeadeal.Itmeans,uWeagree/andwetrusteach

other."

Greetings/inAsiancountries/donotinvolvetouchingtheotherperson,but/theyalways

involvethehands.Traditionally/inChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthand/over

theleft/andbowslightly.Muslimsgivea“salaam”,wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthand

forehead.Hindusjointheirhands/andbowtheirheads/inrespect.Inalloftheseexamples,the

handsarebusy/withthegreeting/andcannotholdaweapon.

Eventoday,whensomepeoplehaveveryinformalstylesofgreeting,theystillusetheirhands/as

agestureoftrust.Americanyouthsoftengreeteachother/withtheexpression,"Givemefive!"

Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmoutwards/andfivefingers/spread.Theotherperson

raiseshishand/andslapstheother'sopenhand/abovethehead/ina“highfive”.Nowadays,itis

quiteacommongreeting.

Bodylanguageisfascinatingforanyonetostudy.Peoplegiveawaymuchmore/bytheir

gestures/thanbytheirwords.Lookatyourfriends/andfamily/andsee/ifyouareamindreader!

■Afteryouread

CopyalltheusefulexpressionsintoyourExpressionBook.

UsefulcollocationsfromSayingItWithoutWords

thinkof...,communicatewith...,bodypositions,partof...,"'bodylanguage”,seeexamplesof

unconsciousbodylanguage,uleamed^^bodylanguage,varyfromculturetoculture,use“l(fā)earned”

bodylanguage,beintroducedtostrangers,likeotheranimals,onguard,developedaformalway,

greetstrangers,shakehands,do...withtherighthand,bebusygreetingsomeone,holdaweapon,

carryathreateningweapon,shakehandswithsomeone,makeadeal,trusteachothertouchthe

otherperson,involvethehands,traditionallyinChina,puttherighthandovertheleft,bow

slightly,givea“salaam”,touchtheirheart,mouthandforehead,jointheirhands,bowtheirheads

inrespect,inalloftheseexamples,bebusywiththegreeting,holdaweapon,haveveryinformal

stylesofgreeting,usetheirhandsasagestureoftrust,greeteachotherwiththeexpression,"Give

mefive!”,holduphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread,raiseshishand,slapsthe

other9sopenhandabovetheheadina“highfive”,acommongreeting,befascinatingfor...to

study,giveawaymuchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords,amindreader

■Closingdownbymakingsentences

Youaregoingtomakeyourownsentenceswiththeexpressionsformthismodule.

SentencesmadewithexpressionsfromSayingItWithoutWords

Iamthinkingofcommunicatingwithnon-verballanguagewithanimals.

Bodypositionsarepartofourlanguagesystems.

Bodylanguageisimportantforoursuccessfulcommunicationwitheachother.

Iliketoseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguage.

Thisnon-verballanguageissocalled“l(fā)earned''bodylanguage.

Eatinghabitsvaryfromculturetoculture.

Yousometimesuse“l(fā)earned“bodylanguagetoexpressyourideas.

Whenyouareintroducedtostrangersyoumaymakeuseofyourbodylanguage.

Webehavelikeotheranimalssometimes.

HestoodonguardwhileImademywayintotheroom.

HedevelopedastrangewaytolearnEnglish.

Youcangreetstrangersbyshakinghandswiththem.

Doyourhomeworkwiththerighthand.

Heisbusygreetinghisclassmates.

Heistooweaktoholdaweapon.

Hemaycarryathreateningweapon.

Shakinghandswithmedoesn'tmakeadeal.

Youhavetotrusteachother.

Youcantouchtheotherpersonwithyourrightfoot.

Involvethehandswhenyouarewalkingonfoot.

TraditionallyinChinapeopleputtherighthandovertheleftwhentheyarebowing

slightlytoeachother.

Peopletheregivea“salaam“thatistouchingtheother'sheart,mouthandforehead.

Theyjointheirhands,bowingtheirheadsinrespect.

Inalloftheseexamples,theyarecommunicatingwithoutsayingwords.

Heisbusywiththecooking.

Weusedtohaveveryinformalstylesofgreeting.

Peopleusetheirhandsasagestureoftrust.

Welearnedtogreeteachotherwiththeexpression,"Givemefive!”

Hehelduphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread.

Raiseyourhand,slappingtheother'sopenhandabovethehead.

Shakinghandsisacommongreeting.

Englishisfascinatingformetostudy.

Wemaygiveawaymuchmorebyourgesturesthanbyourwords.

Heisreallyamindreader.

Period2:Grammar-AdverbialclauseofconditionandAdverbialclauseof

concession

Goals

TolearntounderstandanduseAdverbialclauseofconditionandAdverbialclauseofconcessionabout

bodylanguage

Procedures

■LearningaboutAdverbialclauseofcondition

[if,incase,solongas,oncondition(that),providedthat,providing,suppose,supposing,unless]

Ifyougoaway,Iwillnotcry.

*”if”意指「如果」。

*從句的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情。

Incasehegivesmeaphonecall,tellhimthat

Iwillcallhimback.

*"incase"意指「萬(wàn)一」。

Solongasyoukeepthebookclean,youmayborrowit.

*"solongas"意指「只要」。

Iwillsellyouthiscameraonconditionthatyoupayincash.

*"oncondition(that)"意指「在..條件下」。

Iwillgoprovidedthatyougo.

*"provided(that)n意指「假使」。

Iwilldosoprovidingyouagree.

*"providing”意指「假使」。

Supposesherefuses,whatshallwedo?

*"suppose”意指「假使」。

Supposinghecannotcome,whowilldothework?

*"supposing"意指「假使」。

Youwillfailunlessyouworkharder.

*"unless"意指「除非」。

IfIhavetime,Iwillvisityou.

Ifitrains,bringmemyumbrella.

■LearningaboutAdverbialclauseofconcession

2.AdverbClauseofConcession

[though,although,evenif,eventhough,however]

Thoughitischeap,Idonotbuyit.

Thoughhetriedhard,hewasnotsuccessful.

Althoughheisyoung,heiswise.

*“although”與“though”的意思一樣，而“although”的語(yǔ)氣較為堅(jiān)定。

*"although"多用于句首。

Althoughitwassocold,hewentoutwithoutanovercoat.

Although(Though)myheartisbreaking,Imustsmile.

Myheartisbreaking,butImustsmile.

Although(Though)myheartisbreaking,yet(still)Imustsmile.

Myheartisbreaking,yet(still)Imustsmile.

Although(Though)myheartisbreaking,butImustsmile.(錯(cuò)誤)

*“yet”“still”副詞。

Evenifyoufail,youwillhavegainedexperience.

"evenif"意指「即使」。

Eventhoughitrains,Iwillgo.

"eventhough"意指「即使」。

Howeverdifficultitmaybe,wewilldoit.

"however”意指「不管怎樣」。

Period3:Speaking-talkingaboutnon-verbalcommunication

Goals

Tolearntotalkaboutnon-verbalcommunication

Procedures

■Studyingexamplesofbodylanguage

Bodylanguageisanimportantpartofcommunicationwhich,accordingtoatleastonestudy,

constitutesaround55%ofwhatwearecommunicating.Ifyouwishtocommunicatewell,thenitmakes

sensetounderstandhowyoucan(andcan't)useyourbodytosaywhatyoumean.

Aggressivebodylanguage:showingphysicalthreat.

Boredbodylanguage:justnotbeinginterested.

Closedbodylanguage:manyreasonsareclosed.

Deceptivebodylanguage:seekingtocoveruplyingorotherdeception.

Defensivebodylanguage:Protectingselffromattack.

Evaluatingbodylanguage:judginganddecidingaboutsomething.

Openbodylanguage:manyreasonsforbeingopen.

Powerbodylanguage:demonstratingone'spower.

Readybodylanguage:wantingtoactandwaitingforthetrigger.

Romanticbodylanguage:showingattractiontoothers.

Submissivebodylanguage:showingyouarepreparedtogivein.

NONVERBALBEHAVIORINTERPRETATION

Brisk,erectwalkConfidence

StandingwithhandsonhipsReadiness,aggression

Sittingwithlegscrossed,foot

Boredom

kickingslightly

Sitting,legsapartOpen,relaxed

ArmscrossedonchestDefensiveness

Walkingwithhandsinpockets,

Dejection

shouldershunched

HandtocheekEvaluation,thinking

Touching,slightlyrubbingnoseRejection,doubt,lying

RubbingtheeyeDoubt,disbelief

HandsclaspedbehindbackAnger,frustration,apprehension

LockedanklesApprehension

Headrestinginhand,eyes

Boredom

downcast

RubbinghandsAnticipation

Sittingwithhandsclasped

Confidence,superiority

behindhead,legscrossed

OpenpalmSincerity,openness,innocence

Pinchingbridgeofnose,eyes

Negativeevaluation

closed

TappingordrummingfingersImpatience

SteepingfingersAuthoritative

Lackofself-confidence;

Patting/fbndlinghair

insecurity

TiltedheadInterest

StrokingchinTryingtomakeadecision

Lookingdown,faceturnedawayDisbelief

BitingnailsInsecurity,nervousness

PullingortuggingatearIndecision

■Talkingaboutbodylanguage

A:Whatiscommunication?

B:Itmeanswordsandsentences.

C:No,itdoesn't.Althoughwordsandsentencesareveryimportant,wecommunicatewithmore

thanjustspokenandwrittenwords.

B:Bywhatelsedowecommunicate?

C:Wecommunicatealsobybodypositions,whicharepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage”.

A:Canweseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften?

C:Yes,wecan.

A:Itissaidthatthereisalso"learned“bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.

C:Youarecorrect.

B:Whendoweuse“l(fā)earned“bodylanguage?

C:Weuse“l(fā)earned“bodylanguagewhenweareintroducedtostrangers.

A:Whydowedothat?

C:Likeotheranimals,weareonguarduntilweknowitissafetorelax.

B:Thafswhyeveryculturehasdevelopedaformalwaytogreetstrangers,toshowthemweare

notaggressive.AmIrightinsayingthat?

C:Youareabsolutelyright.

B:WhatdoEuropeansandAmericansdowhentheymeetstrangers?

C:Traditionally,EuropeansandAmericansshakehands.

A:Whichhanddotheyshake?

C:Theydothiswiththerighthand一thestrongesthandformostpeople.

B:Whydotheyusetherighthand?

C:Ifyourrighthandisbusygreetingsomeone,itcannotbeholdingaweapon.

A:Sothegestureissaying,“Itrustyou.Look,Tmnotcarryingathreateningweapon."Isthatso?

B:Youmayberight.

C:Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone,youshowyoutrustthem.A:Whataboutshakinghands

whenwemakeadeal.

C:Itmeans,“Weagreeandwetrusteachother.^^

D:Iamlisteningtoyou.Talkon!IthinkIhavelearnedalot.

C:Thankyou.GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolvetouchingtheotherperson,butthey

alwaysinvolvethehands.

A:IamfromChina.IthinktraditionallyinChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthand

overtheleftandbowslightly.

D:AndMuslimsgivea"salaam”,wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead.

B:IhavebeentoIndia.Hindusjointheirhandsandbowtheirheadsinrespect.

C:Youseeinalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywiththegreetingandcannotholda

weapon.

B:Thafswhyeventoday,whensomepeoplehaveveryinformalstylesofgreeting,theystilluse

theirhandsasagestureoftrust.

C:Youarewellinformed.Bodylanguageisfascinatingforanyonetostudy.

D:Canwesaythatpeoplegiveawaymuchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords?

C:Yes,youcan.Homeworkfortodayis:Lookatyourfriendsandfamilyandseeifyou'reamind

reader!

intingpa

PeriodFour:Writing-Writinginvitationsat

andrepliestoinvitationsmelissa'snewhome!

Goals1234rodhurstdr.

newyorkcity,ny98765

Tolearntowritinginvitationsandrepliestoinvitationsfreefood&freebeer

Procedures

■Learningtowriteinvitations

HowToWriteanInvitation

Here'salltheinformationtoincludeonyournextwritteninvitation.

Here'sHow:

1.Namesofpartyhostsorsponsoringorganization.

2.Typeofevent(birthdayparty,businessnetworkingmeeting,etc.).

3.Place.

4.Date.

5.Time.

6.RSVPdateandphonenumber.

7.Anyspecialdressrequirementsfromblack-tietobathingsuits.

8.Raindate(ifany).

9.Bespecificaboutwhoisinvited,whetheraddresseeonly,withguest,orwithspouseandchildren.

Tips:

Alwayssendwritteninvitationsforformaleventssuchasbusinessgatherings,formaldinners,and

specialoccasionslikeshowers,weddingsoreventshonoringsomeone.

Ifguestsarenotfromyourlocalarea,includeamaptolocationofevent.

Sendanywherefrom8-2weeksinadvancedependingonformalityofoccasion.Weddingsrequirethe

longestlead-time;casualdinnersandbrunchesrequiretheleast.

■Learningtoreplyinvitations

Ifyoureceiveaninvitationwithoutaresponsecardincluded,youshouldreply

withaseparatecard.Itispolitetoreplyassoonaspossible,evenifyoucan't

attend,sothattheorganizerhasgottimetoinvitesomeoneelsethattheydidn't

havethespaceforbefore.

accepting

Thankyouforyourkindinvitation.We/Iwouldlovetoattend...

(event)...Don...time...Dat...

Yourkindinvitationwasreceivedwithsincerethanks.We/Iwouldtake

greatpleasureinattending(event)…口on...time...Dat

Wouldlovetojoininthe

celebrationsof...(sender'sname&event)...Don...time...Dat...

Itiswithgreatpleasurethatwe/Iacceptyourkindinvitationto...

(event)...Don...time...Dat...

regrets

Ifyoucannotattendawedding,forwhateverreason,itispolitetosendyour

regrets.Youdon'tneedtostatewhyyouwillbeunabletoattendbutitisbestto

sendyourregretsassoonaspossible.Itmaybenicealsotoconsidersendinga

separatecardtocongratulatethecoupleontheirmarriage.Sendingagiftas

wellisoptional.

Mr.andMrs.(Surname)regretthattheyareunabletoaccepttheverykind

invitationofMr.andMrs.(Surname)for(Date)

Thankyouforyourkindinvitation,Unfortunately,we/Iamunableto

attend...(event)...Don...time...Dat...

Yourkindinvitationwasreceivedwithsincerethanks.Unfortunately,I/we

areunabletoattend□...(event)...Don...time...Dat...

Thankyouforyourkindinvitationto(event)on...timeUnfortunately,

I/weareunabletoattend,butwishyoueveryhappinessfortheday.

PeriodFive:CULTURALCORNER—Clapping

Goals

Toreadaboutclapping

Procedures

■Beforeyouread

Pleasegooverthewordlistforthismodule,payingattentiontothepronunciationoftheword,the

relationshipbetweenitspronunciationanditsspelling.

■Whileyouread

Cut/thesentencesintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicates,underlinetheusefulexpressionsand

darkentheconnectives.

Clapping

Whydoweclap?Toshow/welikesomething,ofcourse.But/wedon'tclap/attheendofa

televisionprogramme/orabook,howevergoodtheyare.Weclap/attheendofalive

performance,suchasaplay,oraconcert,tosaythankyou/totheperformers.Firsttheygive,and

thenwegive.Withoutus-theaudience-theperformancewouldnotbecomplete.

Thecustomofclappinghasearlybeginnings.InclassicalAthens,

applausemeantjudgement/andtakingpart.Playswereoftenin

competitionwitheachother,and/prolongedclappinghelpedaplay/to

win.Thetheatrewaslarge-itcouldhold14,000people,halftheadult

malepopulationofthecity,whichmeantthat/theaudiencecouldmakea

lotofnoise.

Applausewasasignofbeingpartofthecommunity,and/ofequality/

betweenactors/andaudience.Theimportantthingwastomakethenoise

together,toaddone'sownsmallhandclap/toothers.Clappingissocial,likelaughter:youdon't

veryoftenclaporlaughoutloudalone.Itislikelaughter/inanotherway,too:itisinfectious,and

spreadsveryquickly.Clapping/atconcerts/andtheatres/isauniversalhabit.But/some

occasions/onwhich/peopleclap/changefromonecountrytoanother.Forexample,inBritain/

people/clap/atawedding,but/inItaly/theysometimesclap/atafuneral.

■Afteryouread

CopyalltheusefulexpressionsintoyourExpressionBook.Youmaymakesentenceswiththese

expressions.

UsefulcollocationsfromClapping

clapattheendof...,aliveperformance,suchas...,saythankyouto...,thecustomofclapping,

haveearlybeginnings,inclassicalAthens,takepart,incompetitionwitheachother,prolonged

clapping,help...towin,hold14,000people,halftheadultmalepopulation,makealotofnoise,a

signofbeingpartofthecommunity,equalitybetweenactorsandaudience,makethenoise

together,addone'sownsmallhandclaptoothers,claporlaughoutloudalone,laughterinanother

way,spreadveryquickly,clapatconcertsandtheatres,auniversalhabit,changefromonecountry

toanother,clapatawedding,clapatafuneral

■Talkingaboutclapping

Youaregoingtoputthearticleintoadialogueinpairs.Thefollowingcanbeanexampleforyou.

A:Whydoweclap?

B:Toshowwelikesomething,ofcourse.

C:Butwhydon'tweclapattheendofatelevisionprogrammeorabook?

D:No,wedon't.Weclapattheendofaliveperformance,suchasaplay,oraconcert,tosay

thankyoutotheperformers.

A:Oh,Isee.Firsttheygive,andthenwegive.

B:Withoutus-theaudience-theperformancewouldnotbecomplete.

A:Bytheway,whendidwebegintoclap?

B:Thecustomofclappinghasearlybeginnings.

A:Whatdidclappingintheoldtimes?

B:InclassicalAthens,applausemeantjudgmentandtakingpart.

C:Whydiditgetsuchmeaning?

B:Playswereoftenincompetitionwitheachother,andprolongedclappinghelpedaplaytowin.

D:Ithinkthetheatrewaslargethen.

E:Yes,youareright.Itcouldhold14,000people,halftheadultmalepopulationofthecity,which

meantthattheaudiencecouldmakealotofnoise.

B:Applausewasasignofbeingpartofthecommunity,andofequalitybetweenactorsand

audience.

C:Sotheimportantthingwastomakethenoisetogether,toaddone'sownsmallhandclapto

others,wasn'tit?

B:Yes,itis.Clappingissocial,likelaughter:youdon'tveryoftenclaporlaughoutloudalone.

D:Yes,Isee.Itislikelaughterinanotherway,too.

A:Anditisinfectious,andspreadsveryquickly,also.

B:Clappingatconcertsandtheatresisauniversalhabit.

D:Butitseemstomethatsomeoccasionswhenpeopleclapchangefromonecountrytoanother.

B:Forexample,inBritainpeopleclapatawedding,butinItalytheysometimesclapatafuneral.

A:Thafsinteresting!

PartTwo:TeachingResourcesforModule3BodyLanguageandNon-verbal

Communication

SectionOne:Backgroundreadings

1.communication

Communicationistheprocessofinformationusuallyviaacommonsystemofsymbols."Mass

communication"isamorespecializedacademicdisciplinefocusedontheinstitutions,practiceand

effectsofjournalism,broadcasting,advertising,publicrelationsandrelatedmediatedcommunication

directedatalarge,undifferentiatedorsegmentedaudience.

2.Muslim

AMuslimisanadherentofIslam.Literally,thewordmeanssomeonewhohas

submitted/surrenderedhimselforherselftothewillofGod.MostMuslimsacceptasafellowMuslim

anyonewhohassincerelypronouncedtheShahada,aritualdeclarationofsubmissiontoGodand

assertionthatMuhammadisthelastprophet.MuslimsdescribemanyBiblicalfigures,suchasMusa

(Moses)andIsa(Jesus),asMuslimsbecausetheysubmittedcompletelytoGod.

3.Hindu

AHinduisanadherentofHinduism,thepredominantreligious,philosophicalandculturalsystem

ofIndia(Bharat).PartofHinduismisthebeliefthatGodexistsineverythingintheuniverse.

5.religion

Religion一sometimesusedinterchangeablywithfaithorbeliefsystem一iscommonlydefinedas

beliefconcerningthesupernatural,sacred,ordivine,andthemoralcodes,practices,values,institutions

andritualsassociatedwithsuchbelief.Inthecourseofthedevelopmentofreligion,ithastakenmany

formsinvariousculturesandindividuals.

6.Thailand

Thailand,officiallyKingdomofThailand,constitutionalmonarchy.Occupyingacentralposition

ontheSoutheastAsiapeninsula.Bangkokisthecapitalandbyfarthelargestcity.Administratively,the

countryisdividedinto76provinces.

7.Russia

Russia,officiallytheRussianFederation.Moscowisthecapitalandlargestcity.

1991whentheUSSRdisintegratedandtheformerRSFSRbecameanindependentnation.The

termRussiaalsoisusedtodesignatetheareainhabitedbytheRussianpeopleasdistinguishedfrom

otherEasternSlavsandfromnon-Slavicpeoples.

SectionTwo:WordsandExpressionsfromModule3BodyLanguageandNon-verbal

Communication

1.communicate

v.1.transmitthoughtsorfeelings:Hecommunicatedhisanxietiestothepsychiatrist.2.transmit

information:Pleasecommunicatethismessagetoallemployees.3.administercommunion;inchurch4.

beinverbalcontact;interchangeinformationorideas:Heandhissonshaven'tcommunicatedforyears.

5.joinorconnect:Theroomscommunicated.6.transfertoanother:Communicateadisease.

2.vary

v.1.tochangeinaccordancewithavariable:Pricesvary.Varythemenu.

3.aggressive

adj.1.characteristicofanenemyoroneeagertofight:aggressiveactsagainstanothercountry,an

aggressivetumor,anaggressivebusinessman,anaggressiveyoungexecutive

4.gesture

n.1.[C,U]amovementthatyoumakewithyourhands,yourheadoryourfacetoshowa

particularmeaning:Hemadearudegestureatthedriveroftheothercar.Shefinishedwhatshehadto

saywithagestureofdespair.Theycommunicatedentirelybygesture.2.[C]somethingthatyoudoor

saytoshowaparticularfeelingorintention:Theysentsomeflowersasagestureofsympathytothe

parentsofthechild.Itwasanicegesture(=itwaskind)toinvitehiswifetoo.Wedonotaccept

responsibilitybutwewillrefundthemoneyasagestureofgoodwill.Thegovernmenthasmadea

gesturetowardspublicopinion(二hastriedtodosth.thatthepublicwilllike).

v.gesture(for/tosb.)(todosth.)tomoveyourhands,head,face,etc.asawayofexpressingwhat

youmeanorwant:‘Iseeyoureadalot/hesaid,gesturingatthewallofbooks.Shegesturedforthem

tocomein.Hegestured(tome)thatitwastimetogo.TheygesturedthatIshouldfollow.

5.deal

n.1.theactofapportioningordistributingsomething:Thecaptainwasentrustedwiththedealof

provisions.Thedealwaspassedaroundthetableclockwise.Itwasapackagedeal.Hegotagooddeal

onhiscar.Herosetoprominencethroughaseriesofshadydeals.

v.1.dobusiness;offerforsaleasforone'slivelihood:Shedealsingold.2.takeactionwith

respecttosomeoneorsomething:Howarewegoingtodealwiththisproblem?3.behaveinacertain

waytowardsothers:Hedealsfairlywithhisemployees.4.beinchargeof,acton,ordisposeof:Ican

dealwiththiscrewofworkers.5.dealwithverballyorinsomeformofartisticexpression:Thisbook

dealswithincest.

6.involve

v.1.containasapart:DinneratJoe'salwaysinvolvesatleastsixcourses.2.engageasa

participant:Don'tinvolvemeinyourfamilyaffairs!Hisstorycompletelyinvolvedmeduringtheentire

afternoon.3.wrap:Thetowerwasinvolvedinmist.Thisdecisioninvolvesmanychanges.

7.bow

n.1.bend