2025屆高考英語精準沖刺復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解解題技巧題型分析01主旨歸納題顧名思義，主旨歸納題主要考察同學(xué)們對文章內(nèi)容以及段落大意的總體掌握。主旨歸納題目常見的形式有：1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?3.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?該題型的選項往往都能在文章中找到。而正確答案通常是概括性強及主題突出的句子。做這類題目容易以偏概全，所以同學(xué)們尤其要注意從文章結(jié)構(gòu)中來找尋主旨句。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文中三個位置：①段首句是主題句②but后是主題句③段尾句是主題句（文章首段）例如：ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.(主題句)ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.(主題句)Unlikefast-foodplaces.finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority(優(yōu)先).Thisviewisshortsighted.(主題句)從以上例子來看，這三個位置是我們在做主旨歸納題時首要關(guān)注的地方。在找到主題句之后，就能更好地歸納文章以及段落的主旨大意，拿到分數(shù)也就不在話下了。詞義推斷題詞義推斷題尤其考察同學(xué)們對于句子的理解。題型設(shè)計對某個單詞或者詞組釋義的猜測，對文中的多義詞的含義進行確定，或者是判斷某個代詞的指示對象。常見的題型為：1.Theunderlinedword/phraseinthefirstparagraphmeans?2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencerefersto_____?3.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheword“crept”具體的解題思路如下：①根據(jù)同義詞和反義詞猜詞這個方法尤其適用于and或者or連接的詞組，例如happinessandsorrow，我們不認識sorrow這個詞，但是根據(jù)happiness可以猜測，這個詞的意思是“悲傷”。②根據(jù)句意猜詞通過句意猜詞，需要同學(xué)們把握語境，知道整個句子在表達什么。例如：Asshegotclose,shesawthethief,shejumpedoutofthebed,openedthedoorandcrepttowardsadarkshadow.。題干要求找出crept的同義詞，選項為movedslowly,rushedout,threwaway,gotup.根據(jù)這句話的語境，當(dāng)主人公發(fā)現(xiàn)小偷的時候，她應(yīng)該是“悄無聲息，慢慢地”靠近小偷，因此同義的詞組是movedslowly。以意群為單位，成組視讀分清意群，停頓嫻熟，不僅是朗誦的關(guān)鍵，更是閱讀的基本素質(zhì)。英語閱讀是以意群為單位，而非以單詞或詞組為單位。成組視讀是說用眼睛掃視，不是一個詞一個詞的去默看，而是向探照燈一樣根據(jù)意群，一組組的進行掃視，句子是看做一個整體結(jié)構(gòu)的，被收納的是信息，而不是單個的詞匯。首尾在心，緊扣中心任何一個作者都會有自己的寫作意圖，任何一篇文章也都會有自己的中心主旨，為了考察考生對文章的理解程度和閱讀水平，出題者必然會以各種方式對作者的寫作意圖與文章的主旨要義進行考察。一般來說，文章的主旨經(jīng)常會被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點，因此同學(xué)們應(yīng)格外注意。學(xué)會跳讀，心中有圖閱讀理解要做到心中既有森林，又有樹木，既要縱覽全文，又要主次有別。跳讀即可用來通讀全文，了解大意，又可用來搜尋細節(jié)，鎖定被考察信息——如此既把握了整體，又不會忽視細節(jié)。在跳讀時一定不要借用母語翻譯，比如大家可以通過情景想象、提綱列表、重點連線、簡圖示意等手段來梳理文章脈絡(luò)，讓文章的框架更加直觀化、形象化、具體化。請善于猜測詞義各類考試都允許出現(xiàn)3%的超綱詞匯，這些詞匯往往文中都會給出暗示，考生可以根據(jù)上下文來推斷他們的意思。比如有些其后則會緊跟其同位語，直接對其進行解釋說明;有的詞匯(多數(shù)為名詞)只需判定它是某類事物即可，比如人名、地名、某類動、植物等等，而無須弄明白其具體意思;有些生詞實在沒有線索也不必太在意，因為1、2個詞不認識根本不會對文章理解帶來障礙，如果大家因為不認識生詞慌了陣腳，才會得不償失影響自己的發(fā)揮。當(dāng)然，英語語言相當(dāng)豐富，同一意思會有多種不同表達，以避免語言表述上的單調(diào)重復(fù)?？荚囍谐Ｒ姷念}型“同意改寫”就是考察學(xué)生的這一能力的。巧用閱讀中的各種符號逗號用于分割并列成分，兩個逗號之間，或者一個逗號之后，如果是補充說明成分，就可以跳過不看節(jié)省時間。Eg.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.句號如果是用于陳述句，表示一個句子的結(jié)束，就會起到分割切分句子的作用。用于某些縮略詞之后，比如Mr./Ms.等。如果句號作為簡寫符號使用，那么這個詞語簡寫前后的符號應(yīng)該照常寫上，因為簡寫號并不是句號，也不需要遵循句號的語法。Eg.EnterpriseCo.,Ltd或者IinvitedTom,Jerry,etc..冒號冒號前后是從抽象到具體的過程，后面進一步補充說明前面的內(nèi)容。Eg.Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(Drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Theword“pervasive”mightmean_____.AwidespreadBoverwhelmingCpiercingDfashionable分號前后是并列關(guān)系，包括結(jié)構(gòu)上并列和語義上的并列。比如在下面的例子中，分好前后就是語義上的并列，是對同一種情況的補充說明。Eg.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahadarrived.引號在閱讀文章中，引號主要有三種作用：引用、強調(diào)和諷刺。所以同學(xué)們在看到引號時，需要特別注意區(qū)分是哪種作用。Eg.“Scientific”creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime”intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.模擬練習(xí)02Untilthe1990scoffeewasrarelyservedinChinaexceptatluxuryhotelsaimedatforeigners.WhenStarbucksopeneditsfirstoutlettherein1999,itwasfarfromclearthatthecountry’savidtea-drinkerswouldtaketosuchadifferent-andusuallymorecostly-sourceofcaffeine.Starbuckstriedtoattractcustomersunusedtocoffee’sbittertastebypromotingmilkandsugar-heavyconcoctions(調(diào)和)suchasFrappuccinos.ButcoffeehasbecomefashionableamongthemiddleclassinChina.Starbucksnowhasabout3,800outletsinChina-morethaninanyothercountryoutsideAmerica.Statista,abusiness-intelligenceportal(門戶網(wǎng)站),saystheroastcoffeemarketinChinaisgrowingbymorethan10%year.Starbucksanditsrivalsseebigopportunitiesforexpandingthere.Sotoo,however,dohome-growncompetitors.AmajornewpresenceisLuckinCoffee,Beijing-basedchain.Sinceitsfoundinglessthantwoyearsago,ithasopenedmorethan2,300outlets.OnMay17thLuckin’sinitialpublicofferingontheNasdaqstockmarketraisedmorethan$570m,givingitavalueofabout$4bn.Luckin’sremarkablegrowthissignofchange.NolongerdoChineseconsumersseecoffeeassuchaluxury.MostofLuckin’soutletsaremerelykioskswherebusywhite-collarworkerspickuptheirdrinks,havingorderedthemonline.Super-fastdeliverycanalsobearrangedthroughthecompany’sapp.Independentcoffeeshopsarespringingup.Thegrowthisstrikinggiventhecountry’sreputationforitstea-drinkingculturewheremanyresidentsliketorelaxinteahousessippingteaservedgracefully.Butthetwomarketsaredifferent.Theteahousestendtocatertoolderpeoplewholiketospendlonghoursplayingmahjongandgossiping.Atthecoffeeshopsitisraretoseeanyoneover40.Youngpeopleusethemforsocialising,butmuchoftheirinteractionisonline-sharingphotosoftheirdrinksandofthecoffee-makingequipment.AnoptionontheChineseratingappDianpingallowsuserstosearchforwanghong("internetviral")coffeehouses:oneswithparticularlyphotogenicdecor(照片裝飾)WherebettertosipandWeChat?28.HowdidStarbuckstrytoappealtoChineseconsumers?A.Byreducingthepriceslightly.B.Byintroducingthebenefitsofcoffee.C.Bymakingcoffeetastenotsobitter.D.Bypromotingitsproductseffectively.29.WhatdoesLuckinCoffee’sgrowthsuggest?A.Peopletendtolikecoffee’sbittertaste.B.People’sviewsoncoffee-drinkinghavechanged.C.PeopleinChinacanaffordcoffeenow.D.TeaisnolongerpartofChineseculture.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"kiosksinparagraph4mean?A.Placeswherepeoplecandrinkbeer.B.Restaurantswherefoodcanbetakenaway.C.Shopsaimedatpeoplewholikedrinkingcoffee.D.Smallshopsorstoreswherenewspapersanddrinksaresold.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CoffeeistakingoffinChina.B.Tea-drinkingisnotpopular.C.Coffeeortea,whichdoyouprefer?D.Coffeehasbecomepeople’sfavoriteinChina.【答案】38.C39.B40.D41.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了咖啡進入中國市場的歷史以及現(xiàn)狀。28.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Starbuckstriedtoattractcustomersunusedtocoffee’sbittertastebypromotingmilkandsugar-heavyconcoctions可知，星巴克通過加牛奶和多糖調(diào)和物的方式吸引更多顧客來嘗試這種不習(xí)慣的咖啡的苦味。也就是說他們試圖讓咖啡不是那么苦。故選C。29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一和第二句可知瑞幸咖啡的快速增長是一個改變的標志，意味著中國消費者不再把咖啡當(dāng)做是奢侈品。也就是說中國人對咖啡的看法發(fā)生了改變，故選B。30.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段該詞后內(nèi)容可知，在這個地方忙碌的白領(lǐng)員工能拿他們之前網(wǎng)上定好的咖啡。并且由下文中的“Independentcoffeeshopsarespringingup.（獨立的咖啡店正在興起）”可知，劃線單詞意味著不是獨立的咖啡店，那可以推測就是像書報亭一樣的地方。故選D。31.主旨大意題。本文從1999年星巴克入住中國，到中國本土的瑞幸咖啡的興起，從中國人不習(xí)慣咖啡的苦味道到態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，主要講述了咖啡在中國的興起。故選A。猜測詞義題在高考中有三種考查形式：生詞猜測詞義或熟詞生義、猜測一句話的意思、指代關(guān)系猜詞（代詞或者名詞）。從近三年考查形勢看，三種考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生詞猜測詞義。這種題型的解法主要是在生詞后找到其釋義句。但除了釋義句我們還可以利用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)找到其對應(yīng)詞語幫助我們解題。例如本文主要可以通過現(xiàn)在的kiosks與正在興起的Independentcoffeeshops的對比關(guān)系，確定kiosks不是獨立的咖啡店。再根據(jù)其后的定語從句確定它應(yīng)該是路邊小店。故選D。Astheoldsayinggoes,“Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.”Andneithershouldwejudgemoviestarsbytheirages.Atjust21,ElleFanningmadehistorybybecomingtheyoungestjury(評審團)memberattheCannesFilmFestival.ThisyearitlastedfromMay14thtoMay25th.“IwasincompleteshockwhenIgotthatphonecallandthatquestionifIwantedtobeamemberoftheCannesJury,”Fanningsaidduringapressconference.Asitturnedout,itnotonlyshockedtheUSactress,butalsobroughtcriticismfromthosewhobelievedFanningwastooyoungcomparedtootherveteransintheindustry.ButFanning’sactingexperiencewasinfactagoodargumentforherjurymembership.Infact,FanninghasbeenaHollywoodfixtureforlongerthanyourealize.The21-year-oldhasbeeninmanybigproductions.ShebeganactinginIAmSamatage2.WithleadrolesinmovieslikeSuper8,WeBoughtaZooandMaleficentunderherbelt(取得成功),she’sappearedin60projectsandisoneofHollywood’shottestyoungstars.Fanning’sdevotiontoworknumbersheramongthefewformerchildstarswhocontinuetoactasadults.InherlatestmovieTeenSpirit,whichhitUScinemaslastmonth,Fanningplaysapopsinger.Sinceshehadnosingingexperience,FanninghadtoworkwithGrammy-winningmusicproducerMariusdeVriesforthreemonthsbeforethefilmingstarted.“Iwouldgotohisapartmentandsingthroughallthesongseveryday,”shesaid.“Hevideoedmeandrecordedmesingingeverythingandmademewatchitbackagainandagaintoimprovemyskills.”Withsuchrichactingexperienceanddevotiontoherart,“Fanningcertainlywasabletorepresentanewclassinfilm”attheCannesFilmFestival.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“veterans”probablymean?A.shockedactresses B.greenhands Cexperiencedpeople D.musicproducers5.InwhichfilmdoesFanningplayapopsinger?A.IamSam. B.Super8. C.WeboughtaZoo. D.TeenSpirit.6.WhatdoesthewrierthinkofElleFanning?A.Wealthy B.Devoted. C.Considerate D.Friendly.7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.ElleFanning’searningherhonor B.A