Unit5ThepowerofnatureGrammar現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語1.IwalkedonthestreetIsawthattwoforeignerswerereadingamap3.Itseemedthattheywerelost.1+2.Walkingonthestreet,Isawthattwoforeignerswerereadingamap一.功能現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語往往和邏輯主語之間存在主動關系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，常常用來表示原因、時間、方式、結果、條件、伴隨狀況等。1.作時間狀語，相當于一個時間狀語從句。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.2.作原因狀語相當于一個原因狀語從句，同時也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個原因狀語從句。NotknowingEnglish,hecouldn’tunderstandthefilm.3.作伴隨/方式狀語，表示一個次要的動作。Hesattherereadingabook.Laughingandtalking,thestudentswenttoschool.Hecamerunning.(方式）

4.作結果狀語表示必然的結果，通常放在主句后面中間用逗號隔開，有時為了突出結果，分詞前加thus。Herhusbanddied,leavingherfourchildren.5.作讓步狀語，相當于一個讓步狀語從句Havingtriedmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tsucceed.盡管嘗試了多次，但他仍未成功。Workingveryhard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.盡管拼命地工作，他卻絲毫不感到疲勞。6.作條件狀語，表示一種假設情況，相當于一個條件狀語從句。Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)7.作評論性狀語（懸垂結構）作為句子的獨立成分來修飾全句，表明說話者的態(tài)度，觀點等。generallyspeaking一般說來strictlyspeaking嚴格地說franklyspeaking坦率地說語態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone二、現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式動詞,主+動詞(謂語)同時主動doing動詞,主+動詞(謂語)同時被動done分詞前可以加when,after,because,asif,unless,although等表時間,原因,條件,讓步.分詞可以拓展成狀語從句.在其前加not成為否定結構分詞動詞,主+動詞(謂語)先后主動havingdone動詞,主+動詞(謂語)先后被動havingbeendone分詞前可以加上when,after,because,if,unless,although等表時間,原因,條件,讓步.分詞可以拓展成狀語從句WhenhegiveshisacceptancespeechatGrantParkinChicago,Nov.4,2008,Obama

smiles.GivinghisacceptancespeechatGrantParkinChicago,Nov.4,2008,Obama

smiles分詞(短語)作狀語時,其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致,必須用獨立主格結構來表示,也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析:前一例中,-ing形式的邏輯主語為主句的主語。后一例中havinggone的邏輯主語是thetrain。

三、使用-ing形式作狀語需注意的幾個問題判斷正誤Openingthewindow,abutterflyflewintomystudy.Openingthewindow,Isawabutterflyflyingintomystudy.Standingontopofthetower,thewholecitycomesintoourview.Standingontopofthetower,wecangetaviewofthewholecity.[正][誤][誤][正]一般來說,-ing形式表示主動、進行;過去分詞表示被動、完成。試比較:

The

enemy

fled

in

a

panic,

leaving

behind

a

lot

of

dead

bodies

and

weapons.

Defeated

and

frightened,

the

enemy

fled

in

a

panic.2.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別

分析:前一例中的-ing形式短語在句子中作伴隨狀語,它與其邏輯主語the

enemy之間為主動關系;后一句中的過去分詞defeated和frightened表原因,它與其邏輯主語the

enemy之間為被動關系。3.分詞短語做狀語時,前面可以加上連詞或介詞,但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but,and),因為并列連詞接的是兩個并列成分,而分詞短語只是全句的一個狀語部分,分詞和主句之間可用逗號。Eg.正：Whenseeingfromthetopofthehill,youcanenjoythewholebeautyofthiscity.誤:

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.4.-ing分詞的一般式和完成式一般情況下，-ing分詞的一般式的動作表示和后面句子的動作是同時進行的動作；完成式的動作是先于后面句子的動作發(fā)生。如：

Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.

注意：在實際運用中，很多時候-ing的一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動作。但如果-ing的動作和主句的謂語動詞之間存在明顯的時間上的先后關系，而且句意強調(diào)完成，為避免引起誤解，必須用完成式表示先發(fā)生的動作。如:Havingbrushedhisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.布朗先生刷過牙,就下樓來吃早飯。

(此句如寫成:Brushinghisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.意為邊刷牙,邊下樓)

Notfearingthefire,thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt.

Notknowinghowtofindthesubway,Iaskedapolicemanforhelp.5.分詞的否定形式是在其前面加上not.如:每空填一詞,使該句與所給句子的意思相同。1.Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.

__________,hedidn’tgotoschool.2.Whenshewaswalkingalongthestreet

oneday,shemetanoldfriendofhers.______________thestreetoneday,

shemetanoldfriendofhers.3.Whenautumncomes,swallowsgotothesouth.________________,swallowsgotothesouth.

BeingillWalkingalongAutumncoming4.Ifitissunny,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow._____________,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow.5.Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV.______________herhomework,thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV.6.Becausetheyhadbeenwarnedbytheteacher,theydidn’tmakesuchmistakes.____________________bytheteacher,theydidn’tmakesuchmistakes.ItbeingsunnyHaving

finishedHaving

been

warned7.Asitwasaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.__________________,alltheshopswereshut.8.IfIhadbeengivenalongertime,Icouldhavedoneitbetterthanplanned.___________________alongertime,Icouldhavedoneitbetterthanplanned.9.AfterIgothome,Ifoundmybooksmissing.__________________,Ifoundmybooksmissing.Havinggothome

HavingbeengivenItbeingaholiday三.單項選擇Theysetout____forthe____boy.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing(2)Thestudentsatthere,____whattodo.doesn’tknowingB.didn’tknowingC.notknowD.notknowingBD(3)Hesatthere_____,withhisheadonhishand.andthinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthought(4)The____PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.visiting;addB.visited;addingC.visiting;addingD.visited;addedBCSitdown,Emma.youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,_____onyourfeet.

A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeBA四高考鏈接3.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointD.andangrilypointing4.Thestormleft,____alotofdamagetothisarea.(NEMT2005)A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedAD5.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived6.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.HavingnotknownCA7.Inwintersteamcanbeseen______fromwetclothes______nearafire.A.rising,hangingB.rising,tohangC.rise,hangingD.torise,tohang8.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon9.YesterdayProfessorLireceivedaletterfromneofhisfriends,________himtowriteanarticle,andheaccepted.A.havinginvitedB.invitedC.tobeinvitedD.inviting

AAD10.Findinghercarstolen,_________.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp11.________,theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.A.SincethekeyhaslostB.ThekeybeenlostC.LostthekeyD.HavinglostthekeyDD12.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare B.preparingC.prepared D.waspreparing13.Europeanfootbal