職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)模擬47

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

1、Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

A.explainedB.invented

C.consideredD.accepted

2、Iwonderwhatyouraiminlifeis.

A.symbolB.goal

C.actionD.attitude

3、Almosteveryoneatthemeetinghasdifferentviews.

A.sceneryB.sightC.understandingD.opinion

4、Thepolarregionsaregenerallycoveredwithiceandsnow.

A.areasB.rocksC.mountainsD.seas

5、DatafromVoyagerIIhavepresentedastronomerswithapuzzleaboutwhy

ouroutermostplanetexists.

A.problemB.mysteryC.questionD.point

6、Youlooksmartinthenewsuit.

A.cleverB.handsomeC.loyalD.

brave

7、Itwasdifficulttosetadatewhichwasconvenientforeveryone.

A.decideB.arrangeC.provideD.choose

8、Ididn11helphim.Iwouldhavehoweverdidn11havethemoney.

A.orB.butC.otherwiseD.still

9、Youdon*tneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash；actuallyallfinancialbusinesses

willbeconductedbycomputers.

A.transmissionsB.transitionsC.transactionsD.

transportation

10、Wederiveknowledgemainlyfrombooks.

A.depriveB.obtainC.descendD.trace

11>It*simpolitetocutinwhentwopersonsareholdingaconversation.

A.leaveB.talkloudly

C.standupD.interrupt

12>In1861itseemedinevitablethattheSouthernstateswouldbreakawayfrom

theUnion.

A.strangeB.certain

C.inconsistentD.proper

13、UnitedStatesNavyAdmiralAlfredMahanwrotemanybooksonnavalstrategy

andseapower.

A.tacticsB.historyC.battlesD.armaments

14、Wehavegottoabidebytherules.

A.sticktoB.persistinC.safeguardD.apply

15、Hehasbecomeacelebritybecauseofhiswonderfulperformanceintheplay.

A.directorB.actorC.starD.

film-maker

第2部分：閱讀判斷

DefendingtheTheoryofEvolutionStillSeemsNeeded

JudithS.WeiszabiologyprofessorwhoservesaspresidentoftheAmerican

InstituteofBiologicalSciences(AIBS)isleadinganationwideeffortto"

defend"thetheoryofevolution.Weisleadstheeffortinthefaceofwhat

theinstituteviewsasoppositionandindifferencefromschoolboardsand

governmententities.

TheInstitutebelievesthattheteachingofevolutioninAmericaisbeing

diminishedbytheteachingofcreationismaswellasbyanoveralllackof

teachingDarwin1stheoryinhighschool."There*snothingthatrequiresschools

toteachevolution.Sometimesteachersinhighschoolsjustleaveitout.

Howeverfromthepointofviewofbiologists,evolutionisthecentraltheory

ofbiologyuponwhicheverythingisbased,nsaidWeis."Unfortunately,teaching

evolutionhasbecomeapoliticalissueinmanypartsofthecountryandAIBS,

asarepresentativeofbiologists,wantedtobeamajorforcespeakingout

infavorofitsteaching.n

WeissaidtheinstituteisworkingtogetherwiththeAmericanGeological

InstituteandtheNationalAssociationofBiologyTeachersandits80-plus

memberorganizationstoaddressthepoliticalandlegislativethreatsto

teachingevolution.Instateschallengingitsteaching,theinstituteresponds

bysendingletterstoschoolboardsandstatelegislatures,byproviding

testimonyatpublicmeetingsandbynotifyingmembersandaffiliated

organizations.AIBS,withmorethan80membersocietiesand250,000membersz

hasestablishedanemailsystemenablingscientistsandteachersineachstatez

andmembersocieties,tokeepeachotherinformedaboutthreatstotheteaching

ofevolution.

Darwin*stheoryofevolutionholdsthatlivingthingschangeandadapt

totheirenvironmentandthatpresent-dayspecies(includinghumanbeings)

aredescendedfromearlierspeciesthroughmodificationbynaturalselection.

Thetheoryhasbeenacceptedbyscientistsfornearly100yearszWeissaid,

andhasbeenrefined,extendedandstrengthenedovertheyearsbyfindings,

indeve1opmenta1biology.Discoveriesingenetics,molecularbiologyand

genomics-allofwhichprovidesignificantbenefitsforhumanhealth-would

notbepossiblewithouttheunderlyingknowledgeofevolution.And,Weisadds,11

modernmolecularbiologyandgenomicshaveincreasedourunderstandingof

howevolutionworks."Nonethelesszevolutionremainsapolitically,ifnot

scientifically,controversialissue.

Weissaidthatthisyearalone,sevenstateshavehadeitherlocalor

statewideeffortstowaterdowntheteachingofevolution,or"balance"it

withtheteachingofcreationism-areligiousbeliefthatdifferentspecies

werecreatedseparatelybyahigherpower,suchasGod."Rarelydoesanyone

nowusetheword1creationsm1,becausethat*stooobvious.nWeissaid,"The

currentterminologyis*intelligentdesign.*n

16>AIBS,schoolboardsandgovernmententitiesalladvocatethetheoryof

evolution.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17NTherearemoreschoolsteachingevolutionthanteachingcreationism.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Tobiologists,evolutionisthecentraltheoryofbiologyuponwhich

everythingisbased.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、TheNationalAssociationofBiologyTeachersissponsoredbyanindependent

fund.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Allscientistsandteachersineachstatehavebeeninformedaboutthreats

totheteachingofevolution.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Genetics,molecularbiologyandgenomicsareearlierthanDarwin1stheory

ofevolution.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Creationismisnowreplacedbyintelligentdesign.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

FirstAid

1Firstaidisthekindofmedicalthataregiventoavictimofanaccident

orsuddensicknessbeforetrainedmedicalhelpcanarrive.Firstaidtechniques

areoftensimple.Theycanbetaughttopeopleofallages.Andlearningthem

isimportant.Knowinghowtotreatsomeoneinanemergencycanmeanthedifference

beweenlifeanddeath.

2Thousandsofpersonsdieeachyearaftereatingordrinkingpoisonsubstances.

Expertssaymostaccidentalpoisoningshappeninornearthehome.Andmost

arecausedbysubstanceswecommonlyuseathome：medicalsupplies,insect

poisonsorcleaningfluids.Thereareseveralcommonsignsofpoisoning.A

suddenfeelingofpainorsickness.Burnsintheareaofthemouth.Oran

unusualsmellcomingfromaperson*smouth.

3Healthexpertsgenerallyadvisepoisonvictimstodrinkwaterormilk.

Butnevergiveliquidstosomeonewhoisnotawakeortothosehavingaviolent

reactiontothepoison.Nextzseekhelpfromtrainedmedicalexperts.Save

materialexpelledfromthemouthfordoctorstoexamine.Savethecontainer

ofthesuspectedpoisontoanswerquestionsthedoctorsmayhave.Thecontainer

alsomaydescribeasubstancethathaltsthepoison1seffects.Usethissubstance

withoutdelay.

4TheAmericanRedCrosssaysallhomesshouldhaveatleastthreesubstances

todealwithpoisoning.One,syrupofipecac（吐根糖漿）,isafluidthathelps

thebodyexpelmaterialfromthestomach.Another,activatedcharcoal（活

性炭）,lessensthedangerofpoisons.Theothermaterialzepsomsalts（瀉鹽）,

helpstospeedthereleaseofbodywastes.Allthreeshouldbeusedonlyon

theadviceofamedicalexpert.

5TheRedCrosssaysexpulsion（清除）ofmaterialfromthestomach—vomiting

（口區(qū)吐）一sometimesmaybestartedifmedicaladviceisdelayed.Butitsays

vomitingshouldbeusedonlywhenitisknownthevictimtooktoomuchof

whatiscalledageneralpoison,suchasamedicine.Theexpertssaynever

causevomitingifthevictimwaspoisonedbyapetroleumproductorbyasubstance

thatwasastrongacidorastrongalkali（堿）.Thesevictimsshouldbetaken

toamedicalcenterassoonaspossible.

23>Paragraph2

AActionsTakentoHelp

BTreatmentofVomiting

CTheDifferencebetweenLifeandDeath

DMedicalImportanceofFirstAid

EPreparationsatHome

FCausesandSignsofPoisoning

24、Paragraph3

25>Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

27>Learningfirstaidtechniquescanmean.

Ainornearthefamily

Bwhenitisknownthevictimtooktoomuchofwhatiscalledageneralpoison

Contheadviceofamedicalexpert

1

Dasuddenpainorsicknesszbumsoranunusualsmellcomingfromapersons

mouth

Eastrongacidorastrongalkali

Fthedistinctionbetweenlifeanddeath

28>Amajorityofaccidentalpoisoningstakeplace.

29、Therearesomeseveralcommonsignsofpoisoningincluding.

30>Itsaysvomitingshouldbeusedonly.

第4部分：閱讀理解

第一篇/TTTJ

TheHammersmithHospitalinWestLondon,homeoftheRoyalPost-graduate

MedicalSchoolhasbeenthescene（發(fā)生地點(diǎn)）ofmanyinnovationsinmedicine.

Itisnowhome（中心地，根據(jù)地）tothemostexpensiveandambitiousmedical

technologyprojecteverinBritain,whichthisyearwillmaketheHammersmith

theworld'sfirstfullydigitalhospital.Thepaper-freeofficebroughtabout

bycomputerizationandmoderninformationtechnologyisfamiliarto（為..

所熟悉）manyofficeworkerstoday.Ithastakenlongerforthesametechnology

tobeappliedtomedicalimaging（醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)）,becauseoftheimmensecomputing

powerandhighcostotheequipmentrequired.

ButnowtheHammersmithisbecomingthefirsthospitalinwhichallimaging

data--X-rayszultrasoniczCTandMRIimages--arestorednotoncumbersome,

inflammablefilmsbutasdigitaldataonopticaldiscs.Thefirstconsequence

ofthiscanbeseenintheair-conditionedcomputerroominthenewbuilding,

wheretwocompact（堅(jiān)實(shí)的，結(jié)實(shí)的）cabinetseachaboutastallasamanand0.6m

widearereadytostoreeveryX-rayandscanmadeattheHammersmithinthe

next16yearsonopticaldiscs（光盤）.

Spacesavingisthemostobviousbutnotthemostimportantadvantageof

thedigitalh6spital.Aconsultantconductingaclinicwithaworkstation

linkedbyfibreoptics（光纖）tothedatastorehasnoneedofcumbersometrolleys

loadedwithpatients*X-rays.Thenewtechnologyconsiderablyreducesthe

exposuretoionizing（電離的）radiationneededtogetpicturesdoctorsneed,

correspondingtoreducingtheslightbutinevitablehealthriskthatcome

withrepeatedX-rays.

X-raysrecordtheirimagesonfluorescent（熒光的）plateszlasersreadoff

andstorethedataandtheplatesarewipedcleantouseagain.Thisrequires

lessradiationthanconventional（常規(guī)的）imaging.Theabilitytoenhanceimaging

alsoreducestheneedforextraexposures.

Anotheradvantageisthatanystoredimagecanbesenttoanyofthehospital*s

138workstationsinfourseconds（soonthatwillcomedown（降落）totwoseconds）.

Soonitwillbepossibletosenditdirecttootherhospitals,ortocomputer

screensinGP*s（全科醫(yī)生）clinics.

PACS（圖像存檔通訊系統(tǒng)）isthemostexpensivesinglemedicaltechnology

projecteverfundedinUK.MostofthemoneyhascomefromtheDepartment

ofHealth,whichhasrealizedthatitwillbenefitpatientsattheHammersmith

Hospitalandthosereferredfromelsewhere,intermsof（按照）better,quicker

andsaferdiagnosisandtreatment.

Anothertechniqueusesradioabelled（用放射性同位素示蹤的）whitebloodcells

toguidedoctorstothesitesofhiddenabscesses（膿腫）orothertroublespots.

Inthemostinnovativetechniqueofall,interventional（干預(yù)的，介入的）

radiology,doctorsusetinyinstrumentsattheendsoffinecatheters（導(dǎo)管）,

inserteddeepintothebodyunderlocalanaestheticztoperformagrowing

amountofmicrosurgery,viewedbysurgeons—andpatientsifappropriate—in

extremelycleardetail.Everyscrap（碎片段）ofunwantedimageiselectronically

editedoffthescreenbythecomputer.

TheHammersmithHospitalisalsopioneeringinterventionalradiography,

inwhichdoctorcarryoutmicrosurgeryatthesametimeastheyimagethe

patients*organsinminutedetail.Theblockingorunblockingofarteries

topreventdamageduetobleedingorthrombosis（血栓形成）isamongtheconditions

nowbeingtreatedinthisway.

31>TheHammersmithHospital.

A.islocatedinthewestofLondon

B.takestheleadinmedicalinnovations

C.hasmoreadvancedandmodernmedicaltechnologythananyotherhospital

inBritain.

D.alloftheabove

32、A"digitalhospital"means.

A.diagnosisandtreatmentareconductedbycomputers.

B.allimagingdataarestoredasdigitaldataonopticaldiscs.

C.X-ray,ultrasonic,CTandMR工imagesarekeptbythepatients.

D.allimagingdataarestoredoncumbersomezinflammablefilms.

33、AttheHammersmithHospitalz.

A.everypatientmusttakeaCTscan.

B.spacesavingisthemostimportantadvantage.

C.thereisnoneedofstoringpatients*X-raysonthefilms.

D.allpatients*X-rayswillbestoredfor16years.

34、AnystoredimageattheHammersmithcanbesentto.

A.anyofthehospital*sworkstations

B.otherhospitals

C.computerscreensinGP*sclinics

D.alloftheabove

35>Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

A.FewhospitalshaveequipmentasmodernastheHammersmithHospitalin

theworld.

B.Digitalhospitalsarebecomingpopularintheworldnow.

C.JapanandtheUSarethemostadvancedcountriesinmedicine.

D.Better,quickerandsaferdiagnosisandtreatmentarewhattheresearchers

seekfor.

弟一^扁

Obesity:theScourgeoftheWesternWorld

Obesityisrapidlybecominganewscourgeofthewesternworld,delegates

agreedatthe11thEuropeanConferenceontheissueinViennaWednesdayto

Saturday.Accordingtostatementsbeforetheopeningoftheconference

of2,000specialistsfrommorethan50countries--1.2billionpeopleworldwide

areoverweightzand250millionareobese.

ProfessorBernhardLudvikofViennaGeneralHospitalsaid,"Obesityis

achronicillness,finGermany,20percentofthepeoplearealreadyaffected,

butinJapanonlyonepercent."Buthesaidthattherewashopeforsufferers

thankstothenewscientificdiscoveriesandmedication.

ProfessorFriedrichHopichlerofSalzbergsaid,"Wearelivinginthenew

age(but)withthemetabolismofastone-ageman.H"Ihavejustbeentothe

UnitedStates.Itisreallyterrible.Apizzashopisspringinguponevery

corner.WehavebeenoverrunbyfastfoodandCoca-Cola-ization.”

Manyoftheexpertsstressedthatobesitywasapotentialkiller.Hopichler

said,"Eightypercentofalldiabeticsareobese,alsofiftypercentofall.

patientswithhighbloodpressureandfiftypercentwithadiposetissue

complaints."uTenpercentmoreweightmeansthirteenpercentmoreriskof

heartdisease.Reducingone*sweightbytenpercentleadstothirteenper

centlowerbloodpressure."

AnotherexpertHermannToplaksaidthatthestatehealthservicesshould

improvetheirfinancingofpreventiveprograms."Thoughthehealthinsurance

paysforsurgery(suchasreducingthesizeofthestomach)whenthebody-mass

index5ismorethan40.Thatisequivalenttoaweightof116kilogramsfor

aheightof1.70meters.Oneshouldstartearlier.H

Ludviksaidthatpreventionshouldbegininschool.nChildobesity(fat

deposits)correlateswiththetimewhichchildrenspendinfrontofTVsets.n

Theconsequenceswereonlyapparentlateron.Nomorethanfifteenper

centofobesepeoplelivedtotheaveragelifeexpectancyfortheirpopulation

group.

36、Itisestimatedthattherearepeoplesufferingfromobesityin

theworld.

A.250,000,000B.1,200,000,000C.1,450,000,000D.950,000,000

37、Itseemsthatthepeopleareleastaffectedbyobesityamongthe

developedcountriesandareasmentionedinthepassage.

A.EuropeanB.GermanC.AmericanD.Japanese

38>Whichofthefollowingismostoftenaccompaniedbyobesity?

A.Highbloodpressure.B.Fattytissuecomplaints.

C.Diabetes.D.Stomach-ache.

39、Whatisthecorrelationbetweenbodyweightandheartdiseaseandblood

pressure?

A.Tenpercentlessbodyweightmeanstenpercentlessriskofheart

diseaseandhighbloodpressure.

B.Thirteenpercentmorebodyweightmeanstenpercentmoreriskofheart

diseaseandhighbloodpressure.

C.Themorebodyweightonegainszthemoreriskofheartdiseaseandhigh

bloodpressurehehas.

D.Thelessbodyweightonegains,themoreriskofheartdiseaseandthe

lessriskofhighbloodpressurehehas.

40、Fromthelastparagraphwemayinferthatoneoftheeffectivemeasures

suggestedbyLudniktopreventchildrenfrombeingobesewouldbe

A.nottopermitthemtowatchTVatall.

B.totellthemtospendlesstimewatchingTV.

C.toturnoffTVwhentheyareinfrontofTVsets.

D.tocalculateaccuratelythetimethatachildspendswatchingTV.

卯

FirstAid

Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntil

moreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Itmaysavealifeorimprove

certainvitalsignsincludingpulse,temperaturezaclearairway（氣道），and

breathing,inminoremergencieszfirstaidmaypreventavictim*scondition

formturningworseandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministered

asquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutes

canmakethedifferencebetweencompleterecoveryandlossoflife.

First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim1sneedsandtheprovider1slevel

ofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportant

asknowingwhattodo.Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,for

example,canleadtopermanentspinal（脊柱的）injuryandparalysis（癱瘓）.

Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesoffirstaid

applytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedical

help.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeen

requested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assess,

thescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson1sfamilyorfriendsabout

detailsoftheinjuryorillnesszanycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,and

preexistingconditionssuchasdiabetes（糖尿?。﹐rhearttrouble.Thevictim

shouldbecheckedforamedicalbracelet（手鐲）orcardthatdescribesspecial

medicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictim

maysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.

Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhether

life-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim*s

conditionisknownbytheacronym（首字母縮寫詞）ABC,whichstandsfor：

A—Airway：Isitopenandclear?

B—Breathing：Isthepersonbreathing?Look,listen,andfeelforbreathing.

C—Circulation：Isthereapulse?Isthepersonbleedingexternally?Check

skincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.

41NFirstaidmaybringaboutallthefollowingresultsEXCEPT

A.savingavictim*slife.

B.preventingavictim*sconditionfromgettingworse.

C.relievingavictimfrompain.

D.helpingapersonavoidsuddenillnessorinjury

42、Beforeweadministerfirstaidtoavictim,itisveryimportantforus

A.tomakesurewhattodoandwhatnottodo

B.torefertoallkindsofhandbooksonfirstaid.

C.toremovetheringorbracelethemaybewearing.

D.totakehimtoahospitalatonce

43、Inadministeringfirstaidtoavictim,youshouldfirstofall

A.removehimfromtheaccidentscene.

B.turnhimover

C.call