職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級模擬60

第1部分：詞匯選項

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分確定1個意義最為接

近的選項。

1>Byinvestingwiselysheaccumulatedafortune.

A.amassB.spread

C.increaseD.grow

2、Hepulledouttoovertakeatruck.

A.skipB.pass

C.reachD.lead

3、Hepurchasedaticketandwentuponthetopdeck.

A.boughtB.took

C,showedD.made

4、Heconfessesthathehasdoneit.

A.agreesB.alleges

C.admitsD.answers

5、She1sbeendeliberatelyignoringhimallday.

A.sufficientlyB.noticeably

C.intentionallyD.absolutely

6、Sheshowslittleregardforthefeelingsofothersanddoesexactlywhat

shewantsto.

A.feelingB.love

C.considerationD.sense

7、Hereyoucanseethefoodcompactlystoredinapressurizedtank.

A.denselyB.inexpensively

C.quicklyD.carefully

8、HeoftenmocksmyFrenchaccent.

A.praiseB.belittle

C.markD.laughat

9、Marylookedpaleandweary.

A.illB.tired

C.worriedD.peaceful

10>Wearerestrictedtoaspeedof30milesanhourinbuilt-upareas.

A.deprivedB.forbidden

C.requiredD.limited

11>Thedescriptionaboutthemurdererwasprettyvague.

A.impreciseB.concise

C.unpolishedD.elementary

12>Itisadvisabletowearsunscreenwhenyou*reoutinthesun.

A.possibleB.profitable

C.easyD.sensible

13>Thereseemedtobenomotiveforthemurder.

A.reasonsB.arguments

C.targetsD.stimuli

14、Thehouseisfilledwithcrevicesduetotheattackingoftheearthquake

tothecitylastnight.

A.debrisB.gaps

C.constructionsD.buildings

15^Adentistmaydecidetoextractthetoothtopreventrecurrenttrouble.

A.takeoutB.repair

C.pullD.dig

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供

的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文

中沒有提及，請選擇C。

WarmPeopleLikelytoKeepColdatBay

Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainst

gettingill,newstudyfindingssuggest.Inanexperimentthatexposedhealthy

volunteerstoacoldorfluvirus,researchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerally

sunnydispositionwerelesslikelytofallill.

ThefindingszpublishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicine,buildon

evidencethata"positiveemotionalstyleHcanhelpwardoffthecommoncold

andotherillnesses.Researchersbelievethereasonsmaybebothobjective

asinhappinessboostingimmunefunctionandsubjectiveasinhappypeople

beinglesstroubledbyascratchythroatorrunnynose.

"Peoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmuneresponses

tothevirus,"explainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellon

UniversityinPittsburgh."Andwhentheydogetacold,theymayinterpret

theirillnessasbeinglesssevere.H

Cohenandhiscolleagueshadfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeople

seemedlesssusceptibletocatchingacold,butsomequestionsremainedas

towhethertheemotionaltraititselfhadtheeffect.

Forthenewstudy,theresearchershad193healthyadultscompletestandard

measuresofpersonalitytraits,self-perceivedhealthandemotional"style".

Thosewhotendedtobehappy,energeticandeasy-goingwerejudgedashaving

apositiveemotionalstyle,whilethosewhowereoftenunhappyztenseand

hostilehadanegativestyle.

Theresearchersgavethemnasaldropscontainingeitheracoldvirusor

aparticularfluvirus.Overthenextsixdays,thevolunteersreportedon

anyacheszpainszsneezingorcongestiontheyhad,whiletheresearchers

collectedobjectivedata,likedailymucusproduction.Cohenandhiscolleagues

foundthatbasedonobjectivemeasuresofnasalwoes,happypeoplewereless

likelytodevelopacold.

16、Peoplewithasunnydispositionareimmunetoillness.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>AccordingtoCohen1sstudy,happierpeoplearemoreeasilytogetacold.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Thereasonsthathappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacoldarebased

onsubjectivemeasure.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Theresearcherschose193adultswhohadanegativestyleforthestudy.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Thestudyinferredthatthere1snorelationsbetweenpositiveemotional

styleandgettingcold.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Researchersbelievedthatpeoplewhowerehappy,energeticandeasy-going

hadstrongerimmunefunction.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Cohenfoundthatfamilieshadgreatinfluenceonaperson*semotional

style.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1?4段每段

選擇1個最佳標題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選

項。

LungCancer

1Thedeathrateduetocancerofthelungshasincreasedmorethan800

percentinmalesandhasmorethandoubledinfemalesduringthelast25years.

Itisconsiderablyhigherinurbanandindustrialareasthaninruraldistricts.

Therearemanypossiblecauses,butitisstillcontroversialwhicharemost

blameworthy.Thosefactorswhichhavebeenmentionedmostfrequentlyarethe

presenceofforeignparticlesandotherirritantsintheair（smokeparticles,

smog,exhaustfumes）,andthesmokingofcigarettesandcigars.

2Numerousstudieshavedemonstratedastrikingcorrelationbetweenthe

deathratefromlungcancerandsmokinghabits.Amongheavysmokers—21to

30cigarettesperday—themortalityratefromlungcancerisnearly17times

theratefromnonsmokers.Itisexpectedthatthedeathrateamongwomenwill

increaseasthepresenthighrateofsmokingamongwomenhasitseffect.

3SometimescasesoflungcancerarediscoveredatthetimewhenanX-ray

istakenforthepurposeofdetectingtuberculosis.Toooften,however,a

currentemphasisuponthedangerofexposuretoradiationfromX-raymachines

canfrightenpeopleawayfromroutinechestX-raysandthuspreventanearly

diagnosisoflungcancer.Earlydetectionisabsolutelyessentialifany

possibilityofcureistobemaintained.ModemX-raymachinesincompetent

handsposesuchslightdanger,atleasttothoseover40yearsofage,that

thiswouldbemuchmorethanoffsetbytheadvantagesofdiscoveringatumor

whileitissmallenoughtobecompletelyremoved.

4Acommonformoflungcancerisbronchogeniccarcinoma,so-calledbecause

themalignancyoriginatesinabronchus.Thetumormaygrowuntilthebronchus

isblocked,cuttingoffthesupplyofairtothatlung.Thelungthencollapses,

andthesecretionstrappedinthelungspacesbecomeinfected,witharesulting

pneumoniaortheformationofalungabscess.Suchalungcancercanalso

spreadtocausesecondarygrowthsinthelymphnodesofthechestandneck

aswellasinthebrainandotherpartsofthebody.Theonlytreatmentthat

offersapossibilityofcure,beforesecondarygrowthshavetimetoform,

istoremovethelungcompletely.Thisoperationiscalledpneumonectomy.

5Malignanttumorsofthestomach,thebreast,theprostateglandand

otherorgansmayspreadtothelungszcausingsecondarygrowths.

23>Paragraph1

A.CommonSecondaryLungCancers

B.TheAdvantagesBroughtaboutbyRoutineChestCheckup

C.RelationshipbetweenMortalityRatefromLungCancerandSmokingHabits

D.OperableandInoperableLungCancers

E.TheIncreasingDeathRatefromLungCancerandPossibleCauses

F.AnOrdinaryTypeofLungCancer

24、Paragraph2

25>Paragraph3

26、Paragraph4

27>RoutineX-raychestexaminationisnotsodangerous.

A.beforethecancercellsspreadelsewhere

B.themorechancesofdyingofX-rayradiationhewillhave

C.whatismostresponsibleforlungcancer

D.assomepeopleimagine

E.themorechancesofgettinglungcancerhewillhave

F.whichformoflungcancerisacommonone

28、Aprimarylungcancerpatientmaybecuredbyremovingthelungcompletely

29、Peoplearestillnotsure

30>Themorecigarettesonesmokes,.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

第一篇

SleepLetsBrainFileMemories

Tosleep.Perchancetofile?Findingspublishedonlinethisweekbythe

ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencefurthersupportthetheory

thatbrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherest

ofthebodyiscatchingzzz1s.

GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrain

wavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specifically,theyexaminedtheelectrical

activityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex(anareathatprocesses

sensoryinformation)andthehippocampus,whichisacenterforlearningand

memory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetwo

regionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindles(burstsofactivity

fromtheneocortex)werefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthe

hippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetween

thetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.

Asecondstudy,alsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsofthe

NationalAcademyofSciences,linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohigh

glucoselevel.

Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfrom

increasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversity

SchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageage

was69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,whichtendtoincreasewithagez

affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecall

testszbrainscansandglucosetolerancetestszwhichmeasurehowquickly

sugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody1sissues.Subjectswiththepoorest

memoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorestglucose

tolerance.Inaddition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkage

thanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.

"Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememory-

deficitsthatoccuraspeopleage,HConvitsays."Anditraisestheintriguing

possibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associated

problemsincognition.nExerciseandweightscontrolcanhelpkeepglucose

levelincheck,sotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.

31>Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthenearestinmeaningtothesentence

"Tosleep.Perchancetofile?

A.Doesbrainarrangememoriesinusefulorderduringsleep?

B.Doesbrainhavememorieswhenoneissleeping?

C.Doesbrainrememberfilesafteronefallsasleep?

D.Doesbrainworkonfilesinsleep?

32、Whatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutat

RutgersUniversity?

A.Theelectricalactivityisemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex.

B.Oscillationsinbrainwavesarefromhippocampus.

C.Somatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogetherinmemory

consolidation.

D.Somatosensoryneocortexplaysaprimaryroleinmemoryconsolidation.

33、Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asisindicatedby

aresearchmentionedinParagraph4?

A.Peoplewithpoormemoryhavehighglucosetolerance.

B.Peoplewithgoodmemoryhavelowglucosetolerance.

C.Memorylevelhasnothingtodowithglucosetolerance.

D.Thepoorerthememory,thepoorertheglucosetolerance.

34、Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?

A.Thereisnorelationbetweenmemoryandhippocampusshrinkage.

B.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone*smemory.

C.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thebetterone*smemory.

D.Thelesshippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone*smemory.

35、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheultimatereasonforgoing

tothegym?

A.Topreventhippocampusshrinkage.

B.Tocontrolweight.

C.Toexercise.

D.Tocontrolglucoselevels.

弟一^扁

NeedforEmphasisonTreatment

AIDSprogramsindevelopingcountriesputtoolittleemphasisontreatment,

theWorldHealthOrganizationsaidTuesday,askingformoresmall

community-basedclinicstobeopenedtotreatHIV-infectedpeople.

Anestimated36millionto46millionpeoplearelivingwithAIDS,two-thirds

oftheminAfrica,butonly440z000peopleindevelopingcountrieswerereceiving

treatmentbytheendof2003,theUNhealthagencysaidinitsannualreport.

"Withouttreatment,allofthemwilldieaprematureandinmostcases

painfuldeath,HtheWHOsaidinthe169WorldHealthReport.

WHODirectorGeneralLeeJong-wooksaidcommunity-basedtreatmentshould

beaddedtodiseasepreventionandcareforsufferersinAIDSprograms.

*'Futuregenerationswilljudgeourtimeinlargepartbyourresponseto

theAIDSdisease,HLeesaid.

"Bytacklingitdecisivelywewillalsobebuildinghealthsystemsthat

canmeetthehealthneedsoftodayandtomorrow.Thisisahistoricopportunity

wecannotaffordtomiss,”headded.

AntiretroviraldrugsenablepeoplehitbyAIDStolivelonger.Theannual

costoftreatment,whichwasabout$10,000whenthedrugswerefirstdeveloped,

hasdroppedtoabout$150.

TreatmentprogramsalsohelpAIDSpreventionefforts,thereportsaid,

citinggreatdemandsfortestingandcounselingwheretreatmenthasbeenmade

available.

Goodcounselinginturnleadstomoreeffectivepreventioninthosewho

areuninfected,andsignificantlyreducesthepotentialforHIVcarriersto

passontheinfection,thereportsaid.

Sinceitsdiscoveryinthe1980s,morethan20millionhavediedofAIDSz

mostlyinpoorcountries.

36、WhichistrueofmanyAIDSsufferersindevelopingcountries?

A.Theyputtoolittleemphasisontreatment.

B.Theyarenotreceivinganytreatment.

C.Theyrefusetobetreated.

D.Theylivelongerthanthoseindevelopedcountries.

37、TheWHOpublishesitsWorldHealthReport.

A.onceeverytwoyearsB.onceadecade

C.onceayearD.twiceayear

38、AccordingtoLee,ourresponsetotheAIDSdiseaseis.

A.amatterofgreatsignificanceB.amatteroflittle

significance

C.overemphasizedD.timely

39、AIDStreatmentprogramsmayalsoresultin

A.betterdrugsB.loweryearlycost

C.moreeffectivepreventionD.greateremphasison

treatment

40、HowmanypeoplehavediedofAIDSsofar?

A.36million.B.46million.

C.Around440,000.D.Morethan20million.

EarlyorLaterDayCare

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromthe

parentsduringthesensitiveHattachmentnperiodfrombirthtothreemayscar

achild1spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.

SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby1sworkthatchildrenshould

notbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparental

separationitentailszandmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealso

argumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetween

childrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistin

traditionalsocieties.Forexample,insometribalsocieties,suchasthe

Ngoni,thefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—far

fromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespread

todayifparents,care-takersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statistical

studiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedoutzandeveniftheywere,

theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,

inthelastdecadetherehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesof

childrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehada

neutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren1sdevelopment.Butteststhat

havehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughaccepted

tosettletheissue.

ButBowlby1sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayed

effects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillness

orcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.

Whateverthelong-termeffectszparentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffects

difficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleaving

theirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalf

almostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedly

whymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,

then,isfarfromclear-cutzthoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicate

thatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

41、WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBowlbysupport?

A.Statisticalstudiesshouldbecarriedouttoassessthepositiveeffect

ofdaycareforchildrenattheageofthreeorolder.

B.Earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren.

C.Thefirstthreeyearsofone1slifeisextremelyimportanttothelater

developmentofpersonality.

D.Childrenunderthreegetusedtothelifeatnurseryschoolsmorereadily

thanchildrenoverthree.

42、WhichofthefollowingisderivablefromBowlby1swork?

A.Mothersshouldnotsendtheirchildrentodaycarecentersbeforethe

ageofthree.

B.Daycarenurserieshavepositiveeffectsonachild1sdevelopment.

C,Achildsenttoadaycarecenterbeforetheageofthreemayhaveemotional

problemsinlaterlife.

D.Daycarewouldnotbesopopularifithasnoticeablenegativeeffects

onachild*spersonality.

43、Itissuggestedthatmodernsocietiesdifferfromtraditionalsocieties

inthat_______.

A.theparents-chiIdrelationshipismoreexclusiveinmodernsocieties

B.achildmoreoftengrowsupwithhis/herbrothersorsistersintraditional

societies

C.motherbringsupchildrenwiththehelpofherhusbandintraditional

societies

D.childreninmodernsocietiesaremorelikelytodevelopmentalillness

inlateryears

44、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTanargumentagainstBowlby*s

theory?

A.Manystudiesshowthatdaycarehasapositiveeffectonchildren*s

development.

B.Thefactthattherearesomanynurseryschoolstodayshowsthatday

careissafe.

C.Theseparationofyoungchildrenfromtheirparentsiscommoninsome

traditionalsocieties.

D.Parentsfindtheimmediateeffectsofearlydaycaredifficulttodeal

with.

45、Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthewriter'sattitudetowar