UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGELearnaboutoptimismandperseverance1.Toreadthearticleandanswersomequestions2.TowriteanessayaboutthestoryofShackletonandhismenontheshipEnduranceImagineweweremembersofthecrew,whatcanweeatanddrinkandhow?Whatelsecanwedoontheisland?Howcanwecheerourselfup?THEREWARDFORPERSEVERANCE1.ThisisacontinuationofthestoryofShackleton’smenwhowereleftonElephantIsland.InPairs,predictwhathappenedthecrewmembers.Thenreadthememoirbelowtoseeifyourpredictionswerecorrect.Scanthepassageandfigureoutthedifficultiestheymet.Difficulties:melticetogetwaterburnanimalfattomakefirestayingalivefoodwaternovegetablesorfruitonlyeatseacreaturesweatherchangingtemperaturesSweatfreezesveryquickly.illnesschangingweatherblacksmokeattitudeoptimistic,positive,celebrationactivitiesrescuedrelief,joy1.Whatdidthemeneatanddrinkontheisland?2.Whatwerethedangersoflivingontheisland?Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.Theyateseacreaturesanddrankthewatermelticefromtheocean.Thechangingtemperaturescouldmakethemill.Thesweatcouldfreezeveryquickly.Theyalsobecameillfromtheblacksmoke.Itdamagedtheireyesandburnttheirlungs.Howdidthemenstayingoodspiritswhilewaitingtoberescued?Theirdisciplineandteamspiritkeptthemoptimisticandhelpedthemdealwiththeirfearinapositiveandsuccessfulway.Theyalsocelebratedtheirbirthdays,festivalsandeventhetimeswhentheycaughtaseaanimal.Whatdoyouthinkwerethekeyreasonsfortheirsurvival?

5.IfyouwereoneofthemenonElephantIsland,wouldyouhavetrustedShackleton?Whyorwhynot?TheiroptimismandfaithinShackletonhadhelpedthempersevereinstayingalive.1.Thisgaveoffoily,blacksmoke,butitstayedburningeveninstrongwinds.giveoff放出（熱、光、氣味或氣體）【拓展】give構成的其他短語：giveout

發(fā)出（尖叫等）；分發(fā)；用完givein

屈服；投降giveaway泄露（秘密）；贈送；頒發(fā)giveback歸還，送回【語境應用】用give的相關短語完成句子。1)Happierpeoplearemorelikelytovolunteer,to_________money,tohelpothersandtobefriendly.2)Thewood_______asweetsmellasitburns.3)Mymoneywasbeginningto_______andtherewerenojobstobefound.giveawaygivesoffgiveout2.Ifitweren’tforseaanimals,wewouldallstarve.本句是虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設。if從句的謂語形式是were/動詞過去式，其對應的主句的謂語形式是would+動詞原形。egIfIlivednearmyoffice,Iwouldwalktowork.

IfIwereyou,Iwouldplantsometreesroundthehouse.【拓展】虛擬句中主句和從句的謂語形式一覽表從句謂語的形式主句謂語的形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式（be動詞一般用were）would/could/should/might+動詞原形與過去事實相反had+過去分詞would/could/should/mighthave+過去分詞與將來事實相反過去式（be動詞一般用were）wereto+動詞原形should+動詞原形would/could/should/might+動詞原形【語境應用】判斷下列句子是與現(xiàn)在事實相反、過去事實相反還是與將來事實相反的假設。Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful._______________________2.IfIknewhernumber,Icouldringherup._______________________3.IfIweretodothejob,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway._______________________與過去事實相反的假設與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設與將來事實相反的假設3.Andhepaidusbackbyhiscommitmenttosaveusfromaslowbutpainfuldeath.payback償還；報復egWearepayingbacktheloanover15years.ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.【拓展】

payoff付清，還清(債務)；計劃等取得成功egSandrawasdeterminedtobecomeadoctorandherpersistencepaidoff.commitmentn.1)

apromise許諾；承諾makeacommitmentto…

對…做出承諾carryoutone’scommitment

履行某人的承諾makeacommitmenttodosth.保證/承諾做某事egOurcompanyhasmadeacommitmenttoqualityandcustomerservice.

2)thehardworkandloyalty獻身，奉獻，投入egIwasimpressedbytheenergyandcommitmentshownbytheplayers.【同根詞】

commitvt.犯罪；承諾；投入（時間、金錢等）

commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.

承諾做某事egMeetingthemdoesn’tcommitustoanything.和他們會面并不表示我們會承諾什么。

committedadj.盡心盡力的，堅信的，堅定的

becommittedto(doing)sth.承諾做某事egWearefullycommittedtoEqualOpportunitypolicies.【語境應用】完成句子。1.TheCanadiangovernmentiscommittedto____________(advance)theequalityandtheuseofEnglishandFrench.2.Chinaremainsfirminits______________(commit)tostrengtheningfriendshipandcooperationwithothercountriesonthebasisoftheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence.advancingcommitmentBasedonthediaryentriesandthememoiryouhaveread,writeanessayaboutthestoryofShackletonandhismenontheshipEndurance.Readthestoryagainandthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Makenoteswithyouranswers.*HowdoestheauthordescribeShackletonandhiscrewmembers?*WhatkindofrelationshipdidShackletonhavewithhiscrew?*Whatstrugglesdidtheyface?*Whatwerethemotives(n.

動機)fortheiractions?*Whatdidyoulikemostaboutthestory?2.Beginyouressaywithabriefsummaryofthestory.Remembertoincludewho,what,where,when,why,andhow.whowhenwherehowMaincontentwhatwhy3.Useyournotesandciteexamplestoexplainwhatyouthinkaboutthecharacters.4.Endyouressaybytalkingabouthowthestorymadeyoufeel,andgiveyouroverallimpressionsoftheexpeditionandthemenwhowentonit.Explainwhyyoufellthisway.AnswerthequestionsReadthepassageagainandanswerthequestionsWriteabriefsummarywho,what,when,where,how,whyIdeasEndingWhatdoyouthinkofthecharactersaccordingtoyournotesandexamplestalkabouthowthestorymadeyoufeelandgiveyouroverallimpressionsoftheexpeditionandthemenwhowentonit概要寫作：1.通讀全文，理解文章大意或找出主題句可以運用略讀的方法歸納大意，也可通過找主題句獲取大意；只有通讀全文、理解文本大意，才能把握文本的篇章結構和主旨，為寫作奠定堅實的基礎。概要寫作：2.細讀文本，抓住要點，省略細節(jié)、重復和例子在掌握全文大意后，我們要找出每段的中心句或試著自己概括段落大意。確保要點齊全、概括精準。除了各段主題句之外，文本還會有很多的細節(jié)、例子，或者可能會重復論證、說明某個主題。這時，我們只需概括原文中的主要事實，同時去掉例子、略去不必要的細節(jié)、刪除那些突出強調(diào)的重復句。3.改寫要點內(nèi)容，并適當使用連接詞運用所學的語言知識，用自己的語言對各要點進行改寫。我們應思考怎樣用適當?shù)倪B接詞把各個要點連接起來，從而使行文連貫。這樣不僅能夠把文章中的句子巧妙地連接在一起，還可使文章顯得自然，層層展開，從而完整地表達中心思想。我們應盡量選用一些短小的連接詞，如but、then、thus、yet、though、therefore、while等。概要寫作：對這篇文章進行概要寫作時，首先要注意歸納每段的主題句和關鍵詞。Para.1：簡述目前情況；Para.2-4：重點介紹滯留在象島上等待救援遇到的麻煩和困境。Para.5：講述永不放棄的精神支撐大家堅持。Para.6：講述最后獲救時大家的心情。教你審題：概要寫作Para.1Shackletonsailedawaytogethelp.Andwefeltsoaloneanddesperate.概要寫作Para.2Lifeisregularforstayingalivetookallourtimeandenergy.Weareshortofwater,food,oil.Asachef,Ishouldtrymybesttovarythemeals.Wecangooutoftenbecauseofthefreezingcondition.概要寫作Para.3Ourdisciplineandteamspiritkeptusoptimisticandhelpedusdealwithourfearsinapositive