09必修三Unit4語法：語法精講精練不定式作定語和狀語eq\a\vs4\al(一、動詞不定式的形式)動詞不定式的形式是to＋原形動詞。在某些情況下to可省略。形式主動被動一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing現(xiàn)在完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoingeq\a\vs4\al(二、動詞不定式作定語)1.動詞不定式作定語常表示將來的動作。Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.將在會議上討論的那個問題非常重要。Theairporttobepletednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年將要完工的機(jī)場將有助于促進(jìn)這一地區(qū)旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。HiswishtohaveaTVsetofhisownwilletrue.她想擁有一臺自己的電視的希望將會變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。2.動詞不定式(短語)作定語時(shí)，一般情況下會將其置于所修飾詞的后面，并且與被修飾的詞之間構(gòu)成一定的邏輯關(guān)系。(1)主謂關(guān)系被修飾詞是動詞不定式動作的發(fā)出者。此時(shí)被修飾詞通常由only,very,next,last，序數(shù)詞或者形容詞的最高級修飾。Thefuturetogreetuswillbeverybright.迎接我們的未來會十分美好。He’salwaysthefirstpersonoftheteamtoputthesolutiontotheproblem.他總是團(tuán)隊(duì)里第一個提出問題的解決方案的人。(2)動賓關(guān)系被修飾詞是動詞不定式動作的承受者。此時(shí)需要注意，如果動詞不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)接必要的介詞。Theteacherleftusalotofproblemstosolve.老師給我們留了許多道題去解答。Hecanfindnoonetomakefriendswith.他找不到可交朋友的人。MrBrownhassomethingimportanttodealwithatpresent.目前布朗先生有重要的事情要處理。【溫馨提示】當(dāng)動詞不定式與所修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，若句中有其邏輯主語或者是說話人做該動作時(shí)，用主動形式表示被動意義；若沒有其邏輯主語或說話人不做該動作，則用被動形式。Ihavealettertowrite.我有一封信要寫。(“我”寫)Theoldladyhasalettertobewritten.老婦人有一封信要寫。(老婦人自己不會寫信，是讓別人幫忙寫)(3)修飾關(guān)系動詞不定式對所修飾的詞起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用。這些被修飾詞一般為：ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,time,decision,effort,failure,offer,promise,right,way,wish,reason等。Nowitistimetobeginourclass.現(xiàn)在是上課的時(shí)間了。Isthatthewaytoopenthecan?那就是打開罐頭的方法嗎？Thevoluntaryservicegivesyouachancetochangelives,includingyourown.志愿服務(wù)給你一個改變生活的機(jī)會，包括(改變)你自己的生活。Youshouldgrasptheabilitytosolvetheplexproblems.你應(yīng)該掌握解決復(fù)雜問題的能力。eq\a\vs4\al(三、動詞不定式作狀語)動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件等。1.表示目的(1)表示目的的動詞不定式常置于句首。Tosucceed,hemustbelieveinhimselffirst.要想成功，首先他必須相信自己。(2)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表示目的的動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是在動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前有否定詞not時(shí)，通常可以在動詞不定式符號to之前加上inorder或soas，但是soastodo不能放在句首。Inordernottomissthetrainhewentearly.為了不錯過那列火車他早早地就走了。Theteacherraisedhervoicesoastomakeherselfheard.為了讓別人聽見，老師提高了音量。(3)動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示目的時(shí)，通常句子的主語就是它的邏輯主語，但也有例外的情況。Theysentamantomendthewindow.他們派了一個人去修窗戶。2.表示原因動詞不定式放在系表結(jié)構(gòu)后面表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因。Iamverysorrytohearthat.聽到這事我很難過。3.表示結(jié)果當(dāng)動詞不定式表示事先沒有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果時(shí)，應(yīng)將其放在句子后面。在so...asto,such...asto,onlyto...以及too...to,enoughtodo等結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式都表示結(jié)果。IrushedtothestationasfastasIcould,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.我以最快的速度趕到火車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開了。I’mtootiredtostayuplonger.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。四、單句語法填空：1.Theairport__________(plete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

2.Thebestway__________(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.3.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdream__________(explore)space.4.—Thelastone__________(arrive)paysthemeal.

—Agreed!5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld__________(go)intospace.6.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew__________(deal)withallbyourselveseveryday.7.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogether__________(discuss)thisquestion.8.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenough__________(get)arelatedcollegedegree.9.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,__________(leave)thebreakfastuntouched.10.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only__________(find)itdidn’tfit.11.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad__________(find)themalive.12.Thequestionwasverydifficult__________(answer).13.Theboxislightenough__________(carry).14.__________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.15.__________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.16.Whateveryourageorinterests,Buxtonhassomething__________(make)yourvisittrulymemorable.17.__________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.18.JenniferMauerbecamethefirstinherlargefamily__________(earn)bachelor’sdegree.19.__________(test)theeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabitstheresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.20.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomyisachance__________(keep)Americanstrength.21.Fortunately,afterbriefstayinhospital,Benwaswellenough__________(allow)toleaveandlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.22.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain__________(catch).23.MajorthemeparksinJapanhavebeenclosedsinceasearlyasFebruary__________(stop)thespreadofCOVID19.24.Ihavenoone__________(blame)butmyselfforwhatIhavedone.25.Ihavetheability__________(take)chargeofthepaper-cuttingexhibitiontobeheldnextSunday.26.LiYingisthefirstperson__________(join)thevolunteeringclubinherclass.27.Mr.Johnsonistheonlyforeignteacher__________(invite)toattendthemeeting.28.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething__________(eat).29.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesandremendedwonderfulplaces__________(eat),shop,andvisit.30.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativeperson__________(bee)involved,includingworkshopsandevents.31.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine__________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.32.Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialparty__________(hold)whensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.33.Totellthetruth,everyonethoughtshewasthemostsuitablewoman__________(take)thejob.34.I’veheardthatafootballmatchwillbeheldnextFridayandIcan’twait__________(watch)it.35.Afterreachingyourdestination,youwillhaveaday__________(explore)andbeamazedbythisancientcity.36.Shehasthepotential__________(improve)individualattainmentandbeeafamouswriter.37.__________(make)afilmlookreal,greateffortmustsometimesbemadetoresearch,findandbuildobjects.38.Hisparents,likemost,hopedhewouldgotoabigcity__________(find)ateachingjob.39.MoreTVprogramswillbeproduced__________(raise)people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.40.__________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.41.LittleTomwenttothestadiuminahurry,only__________(inform)thegamehadbeenputoff.42.Iwasshocked__________(hear)thatalargenumberofpangolins(穿山甲)werebeingkilledfortheirmedicalvalue.43.Iamdelighted__________(inform)youthatthisyear’smusicfestivalwillbeheldshortly.44.Asafanofthewriter,Iamdesperate__________(have)accesstogettinghislatestbook.45.Difficultastheproblemwas__________(overe),theykeptonseekingforpossiblesolutionsinsteadofgivinguphope.46.Weareveryawareofthevalueoftheproductweareproducingandwearenotscared__________(charge)forit.47.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew__________(deal)withallbyourselveseveryday.48.It’ssaidthatthenextOlympicGames__________(hold)intheircountrywillcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid.49.Backpackerpolicies（保險(xiǎn)單）arespeciallydesigned__________(meet)yourneeds,byofferingahighlevelofcoverforalongtimeoftravel.50.Thetextistoodifficult.Theexplanationofourteacherwillhelpmakeiteasy__________(understand).五、高考真題回顧：1.(2023·全國甲卷)Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)—__________(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.2.(2022·全國I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority__________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.3.(2022·新高考全國I卷)Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup__________(see)them.4.(2022·全國甲卷)AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep__________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.5.(2022·全國乙卷)__________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia......6.(2021·全國II卷)Idecidedtodosomething__________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.7.(2019·全國I卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s,andareexpensive___________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.8.(2019·江蘇卷)__________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.9.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong__________(see)thebenefit.10.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___________(improve)waterquality.11.(2017·浙江)Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring__________(cook)ameal.12.(全國Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsobinevarioushardwoodsandmetal__________(create)specialdesigns.13.(四川)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething__________(eat)!六、語篇語法填空：(1)The78thUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblypassedaresolution(決議)onFriday,officially1(announce)theLunarNewYear,alsoknownastheSpringFestival,asaUNfloatingholiday.Expertssaidthemoveshowsthe2(significance)influenceofChinesecultureandwillcontribute3thepromotionoftheGlobalCivilizationInitiative.TheLunarNewYearnotonlybearstheideasofpeaceandharmony4(value)byChinesecivilizationbutalsocarriesthemonvaluesofhumanitysuchasfamilyharmonyandharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumans5nature.ThereasonwhytheLunarNewYearcanpassnationalbordersandisincreasinglyweledbymanycountries6(lie)mainlyintherichculturalheritageofChinaandthedrivingforceofglobalization.Astheworld’ssecondlargesteconomy,China’sculturalelementshavespreadalongsideitseconomicinfluence.Inthetrendofglobalization,people’sinterestindiverseculturesis7(gradual)increasing,andtheLunarNewYearhasbeeamajormeansforpeople8(municate)andconnect.Therefore,theofficial9(recognize)oftheChineseNewYearasaUNholidayfullyreflectsanemphasisontheinheritanceandinnovationofcivilization,10willpromoteexchangesandmutuallearningamongdiverseworldculturesandactivelyembodytheUN’svaluesofdiverseandinclusiveculturalideals.(2)BeingthebiggestandtheoldestinAmerica,theChinatowninSanFranciscoisaverypopulartouristattraction,1canbevisitedatanytimeoftheyear.Theplaceusedtobethe2(settle)ofChineseimmigrants.Withtime3(go)by,itturnedintoacentreforChineseculture.Inthe1906earthquake,mostofChinatown4(destroy),butthecityandresidentsrebuiltit,takingcaretoincludelotsofChinesearchitecture,such5thelegendaryDragonGate,theTinHowTempleandBankofCanton.OnPortsmouthSquare,visitorscanexperience6(tradition)Chinesecultureinreallife.Youcanfindallkindsofsouvenirs,goods,clothingandChineseherbalmedicinethere.What’smore,youcantasteandbuy7(variety)ofChinesetea.TheChinesefoodthereis8(especial)appealingwithtraditionaldishesfromalloverChina.Chinatownsplay9importantpartinthediversecultureoftheUSA.TheyallowvisitorswhohaveneverbeentoChina10(experience)traditionalChineseculturefirsthand.(3)AputerprogramhasbeatenahumanplayerattheancientChineseboardgameGo(圍棋).Itmarkedanimportantadvanceforthe1(develop)ofartificialintelligence.Theprogram,2(call)AlphaGo,hadtaughtitselfhowtowin.ItbeattheEuropeanplayerinallfivegamesofamatchinOctober.Thedeveloperssay3(it)learningabilitymaysomedayletputershelpsolvereal-worldproblems.Thosecouldincludemakingmedicaldiagnosesand4(explore)scientificresearch.Previouslyputershavebeatenhumansinothergames.Butamongclassicgames,Gohaslongbeenviewedasthemostchallenginggameforartificialintelligencetomaster.Therefore,manypeoplefindit5(accept)whenAlphaGowonthehumanplayer.Goinvolvestwoplayerswhotaketurnsputtingmarkersonacheckerboardlikegrid(格子).Playersobtaintheopponent’spieces6surroundingthem.Therulesaresimple,7playingitisnot.It’s8(probable)themostplexgameevercreatedbyhumans.MartinMueller,aputingscienceprofessor,9(work)onGoprogramsfor30years.Heoncesaid,“Thenewprogramisreallyabigstepupfromeverythingelsethatwe’veseen.It’savery10(amaze)pieceofwork.”(4)Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutspaceexploration.Somepeoplethink1(explore)spaceisawasteoftimeandmoney2othersfeelthisisashallowviewwhichfailstorealisehowexploringspaceis3(help)tous.Firstly,exploringspacehasalreadymadea4(different)inthefightagainstworldhunger.Scientistsusethedata5(c