劉騁蔡靜主編電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語（第6版）高職高專電子信息類“十三五”規(guī)劃教材EnglishonElectronicandTelecommunicationTechnology03UnitⅢCommunicationTechnologyLesson14SatelliteCommunicationsUnitⅢNewWordsblock [bl?k] n. 街區(qū)global ['ɡl?ubl] adj. 球形的，全球的，

全世界的culmination [,k?lmi'nei?n] n. 頂點era ['i?r?] n. 時代，紀(jì)元，時期span [sp?n] v.&n.橫越，跨度；跨距，

范圍NewWordscumbersome ['k?mb?s?m] adj. 討厭的，麻煩的，笨重的syncom ['si?k?m] n. （美國的）同步通信衛(wèi)星geostationary [,d?i:?u'stei?nri] n. 與地球的相對位置不變的，

相對地靜止的altitude ['?ltitju:d] n. （尤指海拔）高度equator [i'kweit?] n. 赤道NewWordsenormous [i'n?:m?s] adj. 巨大的equidistant [,i:kwi'dist?nt] adj. 距離相等的，等距的PhrasesandExpressionstennismatch 網(wǎng)球比賽priorto 在前，居先globe-spanningcommunicationsnetwork 全球通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)Satellitecommunicationhasbecomeapartofeverydaylifeinthelate1980’s.Aninternationaltelephonecallismadeaseasilyasalocalcalltoafriendwholivesdowntheblock.Wealsoseeinternationalevents,suchasanelectioninEnglandandatennismatchinFrance,withthesameregularityaslocalpoliticalandsportingevents.Inthiscase,atelevisionnewsprogrambringsthesightsandsoundsoftheworldintoourhomeseachnight.Lesson14SatelliteCommunicationChineseTranslationofTexts20世紀(jì)80年代后期，衛(wèi)星通信逐漸成為日常生活的一部分，打一個國際電話就像給住在同一街區(qū)的朋友打本地電話一樣簡單。同樣，我們獲悉國際大事，像英國的競選、法國的網(wǎng)球賽就像得知本地政治、體育新聞一樣平常。此時電視新聞節(jié)目每天晚上都將全世界的聲音和畫面帶進我們的家中。第14課

衛(wèi)星通信ChineseTranslationofTextsThiscapabilitytoexchangeinformationonaglobalbasis,beitatelephonecalloranewsstory,ismadepossiblethroughapowerfulcommunicationstool--thesatellite.Forthoseofuswhogrewupatatimewhenthespaceagewasnotapartofeverydaylife,satellite-basedcommunicationistheculminationofadreamthatstretchesbacktoanerawhenthetermsatellitewasonlyanideaconceivedbyafewinspiredindividuals.ThesepioneersincludedauthorssuchasArthurC.Clarke,whofosteredtheideaofaworldwidesatellitesysteminl945.Thisideahassubsequentlyblossomedintoasophisticatedsatellitenetworkthatspanstheglobe.ChineseTranslationofTexts這種進行全球性信息交流的能力，無論是電話還是新聞轉(zhuǎn)播都是通過一個強有力的通信工具——衛(wèi)星，才得以實現(xiàn)的。對于我們中那些并非生長在太空時代的人們來講，衛(wèi)星通信是人們長期以來一種夢想的頂點，這個夢想可以一直追溯到衛(wèi)星這個詞只是幾個天才頭腦中靈感的想象那個年代。這些先驅(qū)者中就包括亞瑟.克拉克，他在1945年就產(chǎn)生了全球衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)的想法，這個想法隨后發(fā)展成為一個遍布全球的復(fù)雜衛(wèi)星網(wǎng)絡(luò)。ChineseTranslationofTextsThelattertypeofsatellitesystemwouldhaveentailedthedevelopmentofaverycomplexandcumbersomeearthandspace-basednetwork.Fortunatelythough,thisproblemwaseliminatedin1963and1964throughthelaunchingoftheSyncomsatellite.Ratherthancirclingtheearthatarapidrateofspeed,thespacecraftappearedtobestationaryorfixedinthesky.Today’communicationssatellites,forthemostpart,havefollowedsuitandarenowplacedinwhatarecalledgeostationaryorbitalpositionsor“slots”.ChineseTranslationofTexts亞瑟·克拉克設(shè)想的衛(wèi)星通信系統(tǒng)將導(dǎo)致開發(fā)一個相當(dāng)復(fù)雜和麻煩的基于地面的空間站的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。幸運的是，這個問題隨著1963年和1964年同步衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射成功而消失?，F(xiàn)在的衛(wèi)星不是高速地圍繞地球運行，而是靜止或固定在空中，目前大部分通信衛(wèi)星都被定位在相對地球靜止的軌道或稱之為“槽”的位置上。ChineseTranslationofTextsSimplystatedasatelliteinageostationaryorbitalpositionappearstobefixedoveroneportionoftheearth.Atanaltitudeof22,300milesabovetheequator,asatellitetravelsatthesamespeedatwhichtherotates,anditsmotionissynchronizedwiththeearth’srotation.Eventhoughthesatelliteismovingatanenormousrateofspeed,itisstationaryintheskyinrelationtoanobserverontheearth.ChineseTranslationofTexts簡單地講，在一個對地面相對靜止的軌道位置上的衛(wèi)星對地球的一部分地區(qū)表現(xiàn)為固定的，在赤道上空22300公里的高度上，衛(wèi)星與地球以同樣的角速度運行，即它的運轉(zhuǎn)與地球的自轉(zhuǎn)是同步的。盡管衛(wèi)星是以很高的速度運行，對于一個地球上的觀察者而言，它總是停留在天空中的同一個位置上。ChineseTranslationofTextsTheprimaryvalueofasatelliteinageostationaryorbitisitsabilitytocommunicatewithgroundstationsinitscoveragearea24hoursaday.Thisorbitalslotalsosimplifiestheestablishmentofthecommunicationslinkbetweenastationandthesatellite.Oncethestation’santennaisproperlyaligned,onlyminoradjustmentsmayhavetobemadeintheantenna’spositionoveraperiodoftime.Theantennaisrepositionedtoasignificantdegreeonlywhenthestationestablishescontactwithasatelliteinadifferentslot.Priortothisera,agroundstation’santennahadtophysicallytrackasatelliteasitmovedacrossthesky.ChineseTranslationofTexts位于一個對地面相對靜止的軌道上的衛(wèi)星的主要作用在于它可一天24小時地與它覆蓋的地面保持聯(lián)系。這個軌道的位置同時使建立衛(wèi)星與地面站之間的通信鏈路更加簡單化。當(dāng)一個站的天線處在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫谝欢魏荛L時間內(nèi)天線的位置只需作微小的調(diào)整。只有當(dāng)一個站要與另外一個衛(wèi)星建立聯(lián)系時，天線的位置才需作顯著的調(diào)整。在這以前，地面站的天線必須機械地轉(zhuǎn)動以跟隨在天空中運動的衛(wèi)星。ChineseTranslationofTextsBasedontheseprinciples,threesatellitesplacedinequidistantpositionsaroundtheearthcancreateaworld-widecommunicationssysteminthatalmosteverypointontheearthcanbereachedbysatellite（asshowninFig.14－1）.ThisconceptwasthebasisofArthurClarke’soriginalvisionofaglobe-spanningcommunicationsnetwork.ChineseTranslationofTexts基于這些原理，圍繞地球等距離位置上放置三顆衛(wèi)星就可建立一個全球的通信系統(tǒng)，以使地球上的每一個點都能與衛(wèi)星相聯(lián)（如圖14－1所示）。這個概念也是以亞瑟.克拉克的最早有關(guān)全球通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)藍(lán)圖為基礎(chǔ)的。

ChineseTranslationofTextsNotesAninternationaltelephonecallismadeaseasilyasalocalcalltoafriendwholivesdowntheblock.aseasilyas：“像……一樣(容易)”，easily修飾動詞made，充當(dāng)狀語。請比較：Ourclassroomisasbigandbrightastheirs(形容詞bigandbright充當(dāng)表語)。1NotesThiscapabilitytoexchangeinformationonaglobalbasis,beitatelephonecalloranewsstory,ismadepossiblethroughapowerfulcommunicationstool---thesatellite.這種進行全球性信息交流的能力，無論是電話還是新聞轉(zhuǎn)播都是通過一個強有力的通信工具—衛(wèi)星，才得以實現(xiàn)的。句中beitatelephonecalloranewsstory：這是一個倒裝句，完整的句子應(yīng)是……,whateveritisatelephonecalloranewsstory……2Notes……thatstretchesbacktoanerawhenthetermsatellitewasonlyanideaconceivedbyafewinspiredindividuals.(1)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾dream；(2)tostretchback：“回顧、追溯”，相當(dāng)于torecallback；(3)anera：這里應(yīng)指全球衛(wèi)星通訊系統(tǒng)仍在人們頭腦中靈感的想象年代，其后有when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。3NotesThesepioneersincludedauthorssuchasArthurC.Clarke,whofosteredtheideaofaworldwidesatellitesysteminl945.句中who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾ArthurC.Clarke。4NotesThelattertypeofsatellitesystemwouldhaveentailedthedevelopmentofaverycomplexandcumbersomeearthandspace-basednetwork.句中l(wèi)atter：adj.后面的,(兩者中)后者的,近來的，指順序的先后；而later指時間的先后。5NotesRatherthancirclingtheearthatarapidrateofspeed,thespacecraftappearedtobestationaryorfixedinthesky.(1)ratherthan…：“而不是……”，置于句首可起強調(diào)作用；(2)句型toappeartodosth.：“似乎/碰巧做某事”，后文中仍有此用法。6NotesSimplystatedasatelliteinageostationaryorbitalpositionappearstobefixedoveroneportionoftheearth.句中simplystated：“簡單地說”，相當(dāng)于simplyspeaking，請比較:generallyspeaking(總地來說)。7NotesPriortothisera,agroundstation’santennahadtophysicallytrackasatelliteasitmovedacrossthesky.在這以前，地面站的天線必須機械地轉(zhuǎn)動以跟隨在天空中運動的衛(wèi)星。

(1)priortothisera：“在此之前、在這個年代之前”，相當(dāng)于beforethisage；(2)as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。8Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Satellitecommunicationhasbecomeapartofeverydaylifeinthelate1960s.b.Aninternationaltelephonecallisstillnoteasyasalocalcall.c.Wecanseeinternationaleventsinourhomeseachnightbythetelevisionnewsprogram.d.Satellitecommunicationbringsthesightsandsoundsoftheworldviaatelevisionset.e.Nowsatellite-basedcommunicationonlyisadreambyafewinspiredindividuals.f.Inl945,ArthurC.Clarkehaddevelopedaworldwidesatellitesystem.g.Today’scommunicationssatellites,forthemostpart,circlingtheearthatarapidrateofspeed.h.Thesatelliteisstationaryintheskyinrelationtoanobserverontheearth.Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Satellitecommunicationhasbecomeapartofeverydaylifeinthelate1960s.b.Aninternationaltelephonecallisstillnoteasyasalocalcall.c.Wecanseeinternationaleventsinourhomeseachnightbythetelevisionnewsprogram.d.Satellitecommunicationbringsthesightsandsoundsoftheworldviaatelevisionset.e.Nowsatellite-basedcommunicationonlyisadreambyafewinspiredindividuals.f.Inl945,ArthurC.Clarkehaddevelopedaworldwidesatellitesystem.g.Today’scommunicationssatellites,forthemostpart,circlingtheearthatarapidrateofspeed.h.Thesatelliteisstationaryintheskyinrelationtoanobserverontheearth.FFTTFFFTExercises2.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.satelliteb.“slots” c.threesatellites1.createaworld-widecommunications2.geostationaryorbitalpositions3.apowerfulcommunicationstoolExercises2.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.satelliteb.“slots” c.threesatellites1.createaworld-widecommunications2.geostationaryorbitalpositions3.apowerfulcommunicationstoolExercises3.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Fortunatelythough,

problemwaseliminatedin1963and1964throughthelaunchingoftheSyncomsatellite.b.Basedon

principles,threesatellitesplacedinequidistantpositionsaroundtheearthcancreatea

systeminthatalmosteverypointontheearthcanbereachedbysatellite.c.Thisorbitalslotalsosimplifiestheestablishmentofthecommunicationslinkbetween

and

.d.Priortothisera,agroundstation’s

hadtophysicallytrackasatelliteasitmovedacrossthe

.Exercises3.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Fortunatelythough,thisproblemwaseliminatedin1963and1964throughthelaunchingoftheSyncomsatellite.b.Basedontheseprinciples,threesatellitesplacedinequidistantpositionsaroundtheearthcancreateaworld-widecommunicationssysteminthatalmosteverypointontheearthcanbereachedbysatellite.c.Thisorbitalslotalsosimplifiestheestablishmentofthecommunicationslinkbetweenastationandthesatellite.d.Priortothisera,agroundstation’santennahadtophysicallytrackasatelliteasitmovedacrossthesky.Exercises4.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Thelattertypeofsatellitesystemwouldhaveentailedthedevelopmentofaverycomplexandcumbersomeearthandspace-basednetwork.Fortunatelythough,thisproblemwaselimi