暑假作業(yè)06現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、過去將來時(shí)、主謂一致(單句語法填空+語篇語法填空)考點(diǎn)一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式主語+am/is/arebeingdone+其他.否定式主語+am/is/arenotbeingdone+其他.一般疑問式Am/Is/Are+主語+beingdone+其他?特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞+am/is/are(+主語)+beingdone+其他?⑵用法①表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。句中常有now,atthemoment等時(shí)間狀語。②表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作(說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行)。③表示一種習(xí)慣的被動(dòng)行為，常與always,constantly,often等詞連用，含有贊賞、羨慕、討厭等感情色彩。④現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)也可以表示將來?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)可表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作(此種用法僅限于少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞hold,take等)。Itissaidthatthewaterinthelakeisnotbeingprotectedatthemoment.據(jù)說，這個(gè)湖里的水現(xiàn)在沒有得到保護(hù)。Aretheoldmenbeinglookedafterbythisnurse?這些老人正由這個(gè)護(hù)士照看嗎？Ifeelverysurprisedthatthewindowofourclassroomisoftenbeingbroken.我感到非常吃驚的是我們教室的窗戶經(jīng)常被打破。Abirthdaypartyisbeingheldtonight.今晚將要舉行一場(chǎng)生日晚會(huì)?！緶剀疤崾尽?1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)也可以轉(zhuǎn)換為"be+介詞(under/in/on)+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)短語動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞、副詞不可省略。Thetopicisunderdiscussion(=isbeingdiscussed)atthemeeting.會(huì)上正在討論這個(gè)問題。Theplanisbeingcarriedoutwell.計(jì)劃進(jìn)展順利?？键c(diǎn)二.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式主語+have/hasbeendone+其他.否定式主語+have/hasnotbeendone+其他.一般疑問式Have/Has+主語+beendone+其他？特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone+其他？(2)用法①表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,通常與already,yet,never,recently等副詞及時(shí)間狀語sofar,bynow,uptillnow,since等連用。②表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常與for或since等引出的時(shí)間狀語(從句)連用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。③用在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.這個(gè)房間已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不用打掃房間了)Theprofessorhasn’tbeensentforyet.還沒有派人去請(qǐng)教授。(現(xiàn)在應(yīng)派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生)Thecarhasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺(tái)車已經(jīng)被修兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。(可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)被修)We’llstartassoonasthespeechhasbeenfinished.這演講一完成我們就立即動(dòng)身?！緶剀疤崾尽吭谑褂矛F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)，要注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別。動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間可對(duì)現(xiàn)在有無影響一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)過去無現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)過去有考點(diǎn)三.過去將來時(shí)1用法過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。IthoughtTomwouldn’tattendtheeveningparty,buttomysurprise,hecame.我原以為湯姆不會(huì)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)，但是令我驚訝的是，他來了。2表示方法(1)would/should+動(dòng)詞原形，would用于所有人稱，should只用于第一人稱。Emilytoldusthatshewouldnotgowithus,ifitrained.埃米莉告訴我們，如果下雨的話她就不和我們一起去了。ItelephonedmyfatheryesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天給父親打問我下周做什么?！緶剀疤崾尽?1)"would+動(dòng)詞原形"也可表示過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。WhenIwassmall,mymumwouldreadmestoriesatnight.在我小的時(shí)候，媽媽常在晚上給我講故事。(2)was/weregoingtodo表示過去打算/計(jì)劃做某事或客觀跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。IwasgoingtoseeMr.Brownthenextday,buttheappointmentwascancelled.我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的，但預(yù)約被取消了。Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.我想天要下雨了。(3)was/wereabouttodo表示過去正要/即將做某事，一般不與時(shí)間狀語連用。WhenIgottheretheywereabouttoleave.我到那里的時(shí)候他們正要離開。(4)was/weretodo表示過去計(jì)劃或安排將要做某事。Mikesaidhewastofinishtheworkinaweek.邁克說他打算一星期內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。(5)當(dāng)was/were+doing用于過去將來時(shí)時(shí),僅限于go,e,leave,start,takeoff等趨向性(短語)動(dòng)詞。Ididn’tknowtheywereing.我并不知道他們要來?！緶剀疤崾尽?Sb.beabouttodo...when..."句型表示"某人正要做某事，這時(shí)(突然)……"。Iwasabouttoleavewhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我正要離開，突然有人敲門?？键c(diǎn)四.主謂一致1語法一致原則(1)不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。MuchequipmentaboutthefamousscientisthasbeenpurchasedfromtheInternet.已經(jīng)從網(wǎng)上購買了許多關(guān)于這位著名科學(xué)家的設(shè)備。Everypartistobecarefullycheckedbeforetheyareputtogether.組裝之前,每一個(gè)部件都要仔細(xì)檢查。(2)復(fù)合不定代詞anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing及不定代詞either,each等在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Everyoneofusisreadyforthesportsmeeting.我們每個(gè)人都為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備了。(3)單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)、ving(短語)或主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Dancingtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.聽音樂跳舞使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。Whenwecouldfinishthetaskisnotknownyet.我們何時(shí)能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)還未知。(4)由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,with,ratherthan,but,except,besides,inadditionto,like,including等連接兩部分名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與(短語)介詞前面的主語保持一致。Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthesinger.老師和學(xué)生們都喜歡這個(gè)歌手。2意義一致原則(1)and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果and所連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞指的是同一個(gè)人、同一件事或表示整體概念，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí)and后面的名詞前不加冠詞。Theownerandtheeditorinchiefofthenewspaperaretoattendtheconference.這家報(bào)紙的業(yè)主和主編將參加這次會(huì)議。Theknifeandforkisonthedesk.這套刀叉在桌子上?！緶剀疤崾尽咳绻鸻nd連接兩個(gè)"every/each+名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。Everyboyandeverygirlinourclasshasmadegreatprogress.我們班的每個(gè)男孩和女孩都取得了很大的進(jìn)步。(2)"all/most/half/therest/...+of+名詞/代詞"或"分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞/代詞"作主語時(shí)，若名詞或代詞表示單數(shù)概念或抽象概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Therestofthebuildingswereeasytogettoandtherestofhistimewasspentinenjoyingthebeautifulscenes.其余的建筑物并不難到達(dá)，他剩下的時(shí)間都用在欣賞美景上了。(3)表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)常被當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體來看待,謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。Twentykilometersisquitealongdistance.20千米是相當(dāng)長的一段距離。(4)集體名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致問題①有的集體名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，作主語時(shí)謂語通常也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，比如cattle,people,police等。Howmanypeoplewereatthemeeting？有多少人參加了會(huì)議？②有的集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若視為整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，比如family,class,audience,team,group,band,mittee(委員會(huì))等。Myfamilyissuchahappyonethatmanyfriendsadmiremealot.我的家庭很幸福，,很多朋友都很羨慕我。③有的集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式，比如clothing,equipment,furniture,jewellery,poetry等。Thefurnitureinthisroomhasbeenmadetoorder.這個(gè)房間的家具是定做的?！緶剀疤崾尽繂螐?fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)其表達(dá)的意義來確定。這類名詞有means,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有用。(5)"the+形容詞/分詞"表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thewoundedweresavedbythevillagersatlast.最后，村民救了傷員。3就近原則(1)either...or..,...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)由最靠近謂語動(dòng)詞的名詞或代詞決定。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwantstogoclimbing.不僅學(xué)生想去爬山,老師也想。(2)therebe句型中的be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與離其最近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有一支鋼筆、兩本書和許多鉛筆。單句語法填空1．Getaloadofthesculpture!Thelivebroadcast(bring)toyoufromoneofthelargestmuseumsonEarth.2．Look!Theguests(show)aroundthefactory.3．Morenewtechnologies(apply)inthefieldofITatpresent.4．Wearenowlivinginafastdevelopingsocietyandourlifeconditions(improve)daybyday.5．Weighttrainingclasses,forexample,(design)andwillbeaddedtoourprogrammesoon.6．Thesite(develop)byaFrenchpanyatpresent.7．Don’tcallMarry.She(interview)rightnow.8．Inordertobeapletelycarfreecity,almosthalfofthestreetlevelparkingspaces(remove)atpresent.9．Thehouse(decorate)nowfortheNewYear’scelebration.10．Currently,about35,0000works(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre.11．Thefirehasgottothefifthfloor.Haveallthepeople(save)?12．Poachers(punish)strictly,deterringwildlifecrimes.13．Poachingincidents(reduce),decreasingwildlifefatalitiesfromthousandstohundredsannually.14．Overthepastfewdecades,theairpollutionofthecity(reduce)by20%thankstothestrictmeasurestakenbythegovernment.15．Overthepasteightyyears,JaneEyre(translate)intomorethan50languages.16．Sofar,nothinglikethis(invent)yetandwearealongwayfromaninventionlikethat.17．Morethanonegenerationofschoolchildrentodate(amaze)byFranklin’sbraveryandscientificapproachtolookingforthetruth.18．Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines(plete)bynow.19．Uptonow,morethan90rooms(decorate)withthevaluablepaintings.20．Lately,thehorsefacedskirt,asatraditionalChinesefashion,(accept)bytheyoung.21．Uptonow,thousandsofredphoneboxes,theoldimageofBritain,(remove)duetomobilephones.22．Sofar,thisnovel(translate)intoseverallanguages.23．Sofar,thesite(conduct)thefinalpreparationandrehearsal(彩排)forthelaunch,includingfuelingupthecargocraftandtransferringthespacecraftrocketbinationtothelaunchingarea.24．Alargeamountofmoney(raise)forcharitysofar.25．Largeamountsofmoney(spend)inrebuildingtheoldtempleinthelasttwoyears.26．Thetemple(build)fortwoyearsanditisstillinconstruction.27．Ourheadmastersaidthatthere(be)asportsmeetingnextmonth.28．Alicesaidtomethatshe(stay)inherhometownfortwomoredays.29．Iwasn’tsurewhetherthepostman(deliver)methepackageontime.30．LastSundayhepromisedhe(e)buthehasn’tarriveduntilnow.31．—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?—Hetoldmethathe(visit)theDisneyWorldthenextday.32．Hetoldmethathe(go)toBeijingtomorrow.33．Wewerenotsurewhethertheyweregoing(grow)morevegetables.34．Fathersaidthathe(take)metoBeijingthenextyear.35．IhopedTina(e)tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.36．AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild,fewpeopleguessedthathe(be)afamousscientistwhosetheorieswouldchangetheworld.37．FromthetimeImetAlicia,Iknewshethenextbigthinginthetechnologyworld.(be)38．WhentheInternetfirstappeared,fewpeoplebelievedthatit(bee)popular.39．NotonlyIbutalsomystudents(be)attendingthemeeting.40．Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents(be)againsttheplanyesterday.41．Lastyear,neithertheexpertsnorthephysician(be)enthusiasticaboutthecurefortheseveredisease.42．Eitherthestudentsorhe(be)toperformtheexperimentthatisduetomorrow.43．Veryfewdeer(shoot)since2yearsago.44．Largeamountsofmoney(spend)onmedicaltreatmentsincelastyear.45．Twentyyears(be)ashorttimeinhistory.46．Fortydollars(be)muchforhim.47．Hewishedtojointhearmy,but(reject)asmedicallyunfit.48．Withthisgoalinmind,avirus(release)ontotheislandinthe1970s.49．Itwasdarkatthatmomentbutsomechildrenaroundinsteadofgoinghome.(wander)50．Overthepastfewdecades,usingchemicalfertilizersverymoninfarming.(bee)語篇語法填空Passage1Inthepastyear,Ihadanunforgettableexperienceoflearningtaichi.Honestlyspeaking,IadmittedthatI1(feel)hesitantatfirstbutwithtimepassingby,itreallyhadahugeeffectonme2(physical)andmentally.NotonlywereIdeeplyimpressedbythemovesthatcaughtmyimagination,suchas“whitecranespreadingitswings”and“goldenroosterstandingononeleg”,butalsoI3(inspire)toexploreChineseculture.Itisallaboutkeepingabalancebetweenyinandyang,4arebelievedtoformtheunityofopposites.Thepracticeoftaichiaims5(maintain)thebalanceofourbodythroughopposite6(movement):upanddown,leftandright,forwardsandbackwards,breathinginandbreathingout.Byperformingtheroutine,taichieventuallybrings7astateofphysicalandmentalpeace.Nowonderitisabestwaytorelaxyourmindandbody.Ialsoexperiencedashortperiodoftirednessandboredom.Thankstothepatientguidanceofprofessionalcoach,Igraduallyfoundtomy8(satisfy)thatIcouldfocusonpeaceofmindandsleepbetter,9(enable)metostaycoolunderpressure.IamsureIwillcontinuetopracticetaichiandenjoy10benefitsithasbroughtme.Passage2Twogiantpandas,JinxiandZhuyu,11(leave)fortheMadridZooinSpainnextMondayfora10yearresidency,accordingtotheChinaWildlifeConservationAssociationonWednesday.ThepandacoupleefromtheChengduResearchBaseofGiantPandaBreedinginsouthwestChina’sSichuanProvince.Thisaction12(base)ontheagreementoninternationalconservationcooperationandresearchofgiantpandas.Itis13(further)thefriendshipofthetwocountries14(build)uponpandas.Accordingtothereports,threeSpainborngiantpandas,togetherwiththeirparents,returnedtoChinaonFebruaryafterlivinginSpainformorethanadecade.15allpreparationsmadebeforetransportation,theChineseandSpanishsidesareactivelymakingeffortstoensurethatthetwogiantpandas16(safe)arriveatMadridZoo.Itwillbehelpfulforthemtoadapt17thenewenvironment.AccordingtotheXinhuaNews,thebasehascustomized18specialairtransportcagetoensurethatpandascanmovefreely,feedandrestinsidethecage,andthatthetemperatureinsidethecabinismaintainedata19(suit)level.Itisalsoarranged20asufficientamountoffreshandhighqualitylocalbambooandbambooshootsinSichuanareprepared.Passage3In1996,YiShu,oneofHongKong’smostbelovednovelists,21(deal)withparentchildrelationshipswiththebook:ChengHuanJi(BringingJoytoParents).Now,28yearslater,thisstoryhasbeenadaptedintothenewdrama,BestChoiceEver,22hassoonbeeahitsinceitsrecentreleaseonTencentVideo.WithYangZiandHeSaifeistarringasa29yearoldwomanMaiChenhuanfromShanghaiandhermandingmother,thedramafocuses23thegirl’sselfgrowth.Chemuanstickstoherowndesiresforloveandprofessionalsuccess,24(struggle)hardtoliveuptohermother’sexpectationsatthesametime.Originallythenovel25(set)inHongKongin1995,however,scriptwriterLiJinglinghassuccessfullychangedthestorytoamorerecentperiodinShanghai,notingitsunique26(explore)ofparentchildandfamilyrelationships.DespitethefactthatTianYu,thedirector.alongwithmostofthekeycreatorsarenotnativesofShanghai,thedramahasgotShanghai’scitylifeproperly.During27specialthreemonthvisittoShanghai,TianYuvisitedlocalattractions,cafes,andrestaurantstoknowmoreaboutthecitizensand28(they)dailylife.Excitedaboutthedrama’spopularity,LiJingjingalsowishedthattheserieswouldinspireyoungerviewers29(have)abetterunderstandingoftheirparentsandcan30(true)embracetheirparents’valuesbylearninghowtobalancefiliallovewiththepursuitoftheirownambitions.Passage4TwelveanimalheadstatuesoftheChinesezodiac(生肖)arewellknowntreasuresfromYuanmingyuan,ortheOldSummerPalace.AfterAngloFrenchtroopsbroke31theOldSummerPalacein1860,numerousnationaltreasures,includingthe12animalheadstatues,32(take)away.OnNov13,33redbronzehorseheadstatue,34wasdonatedbyMacaobasedcollectorStanleyHo,returnedtoBeijing.“The35(break)linkofhistoricalmemoryisthusreconnected,”LiuYuzhu,directoroftheNCHA,toldChinaDaily.“ThereturnoftheserelicsholdsthePublic’scollectiveemotion.People’scultural36(confident)canbestrengthened.Itwillalsoencouragemorepatriots’(愛國者)devotion,bothathomeandabroad,37(preserve)theculturalheritageofourcountrybetter.”Inthepast70years,theChinesegovernmentandmanypatriots38(spare)noeffortto

reclaim(拿回)lostChineserelicsandartifactsfromoverseas.Duetotheirefforts,thehorsestatueisthe39

(seven)ofthe12animalstatuestobereturnedfromoverseas.No