練習39語法填空+閱讀理解

I.語法填空

2024?浙江四校聯(lián)考新聞報道220詞★★★☆☆

TheSpace-TimePainter,writtenbyChinesewriterHaiYa,wontheHugoAwardforBestNoveletteatthe81st

WorldScienceFictionConvention1.(hold)inthesouthwesternChinesecityofChengdu.

HaibecamethethirdChinese2.(win)oftheHugoAward,followingsci-fiwritersLiuCixinand

HaoJingfang.TheSpace-TimePainterwaspublishedin2022.It3.(inspire)bythelifeexperienceof

the4.(talent)ChinesepainterWangXimengduringtheNorthernSongperiod(960?1127),who

createdthe12-meter-longlandscapepaintingOneThousandLiofRiversandMountains.

Inthisstory,Haididhisbest5.(balance)therelationshipbetweenthestory,charactersand

history,hopingtobringreadersamaturework.Hesaidthat6.notabigcategory,historicalsci-fihas

alwaysbeenthere.

Hai,also7.financialworker,thinksofhimselfmore8.asci-fienthusiastthana

writer."Ihaveverylittletimetowriteeveryday,“hesaid."ButIthinkaslongasIloveitandamwillingtoput

effortsinit,Iwillseehopesandthedawn.”

TheHugoAwardsarethemostprestigious(有聲望的)awardsofsciencefiction.Theywerefirstpresentedin

1953andhavebeenpresented9.(annual)since1955.TheHugoAwardsarevotedonbymembersof

theWorldScienceFictionConvention,10.isalsoresponsibleforadministeringthem.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。由中國作家海渥創(chuàng)作的《時空畫師》獲得了雨果獎最佳短中篇

小說獎。它的靈感來自中國天才畫家王希孟在北宋時期的生活經(jīng)歷。在這個故事中，海渡盡最大努力平衡

故事、人物和歷史之間的關系，希望能給讀者帶來一部成熟的作品。

1.答案與解析：held分析句子結(jié)構可知，空處作非謂語。hold與空前名詞短語。he81stWorldScience

FictionConvention”是邏輯上的動賓關系，用過去分詞作后置定語。故填held。句意：這部由中國作家海浪

創(chuàng)作的《時空畫師"在由中國西南部城市成都舉行的第81屆世界科幻大會(世界大會)上獲得了雨果獎最佳

短中篇小說獎。

2.答案與解析：winner根據(jù)空前的"thethirdChinese”和語境可知，空處應填名詞winner。句意：繼

科幻作家劉慈欣和郝景芳之后，海海成為第三位獲得雨果獎的中國人。

3.答案與解析：wasinspired分析句子結(jié)構可知，空處作謂語。根據(jù)前文講的這本書出版于2022年

可知，此處時態(tài)用一般過去時。It與inspire之間是被動關系，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填wasinspired。句

意：它的靈感來自中國天才畫家王希孟在北宋時期(960?1127)的生活經(jīng)歷，他創(chuàng)作了12米長的山水畫《千

里江山圖加

4.答案與解析：talented空前是定冠詞the,空后核心詞是名詞，空處應用形容詞。故填talented“有

天賦的，天才的“。

5.答案與解析：tobalance此處考查固定短語tryone，sbesttodosth.“盡某人最大努力去做某事”。

故填tobalanceo

6.答案與解析：although/though/while分析句子結(jié)構可知，that后是賓語從句。再結(jié)合語境”雖然不

是一個大的類別，但歷史科幻小說一直在那里“可知，前后語義間存在明顯的讓步關系，故填

although/though/while。此處讓步狀語從句中省略了主語和be動詞，補充完整為"although/though/while

historicalsci-fiisnotabigcategory”。

7.答案與解析：a海濯也是一名金融工作者，他認為自己更是一名科幻愛好者而不是作家。根據(jù)句

意,此處表示“一名金融工作者”，此處表示泛指，應用不定冠詞，且financial的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故

填ao

8.答案與解析：as參見上題解析。thinkofoneselfas...為固定搭配，表示“認為自己是....”。故填

aso

9.答案與解析：annually分析句子結(jié)構可知，空前是動詞，應用副詞修飾。故填annually。

10.答案與解析：which分析句子結(jié)構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，從句中缺主語，先行詞是

表示物的theWorldScienceFictionConventiono故填whicho

II.閱讀理解

A

2023?全國乙卷議論文325詞★★★★☆

Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,you

cannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,for

mostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity*slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmany

literate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.

Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,

butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhaps

thefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglish

side,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonly

awoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstruct

whatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthe

writtenreports.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyor

deliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoften

haveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsider

contact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarily

twisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjust

thetexts,buttheobjects.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史的局限性，并強調(diào)

了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無文字社會的重要性。

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.

B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.

D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

答案與解析：A主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistory

thatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworld

haseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slater

achievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyin

writingbutinthings.（如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權的歷史，你不能僅僅通

過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人的歷史曾經(jīng)被文學記錄過，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時間里，

都沒有。寫作是人類較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會也不僅用文字，而且用物件來記

錄他們所關心的事情。）”可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。

2.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinParagraph2?

A.Hisreportwasscientific.

B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.

C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.

D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.

答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句uIdeallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsand

objects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.（理想情況下,歷

史應該將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。）”

可推斷，作者認為歷史應該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到。再根據(jù)所舉例子

的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.Fromthe

Australianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.

（從英國方面來看，我們有科學報告和船長對那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方面來看，我們只有一個木

制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。）”可知，作者舉這個例子是為了說明船長的

記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問題。故選D。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conversation“inParagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.

C.Voice.D.Society.

答案與解析：B詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,the

AfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpast

achievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.

Whenweconsidercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-hand

accountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.（力口勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非

洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過

去最強大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個話語權。當我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會和無文化

社會之間的接觸時，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對話的一半。）”結(jié)合畫線句“Ifweareto

findtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我們要找到對話的

另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。）”可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓

我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀物品。所以conversation指

的是“歷史”。故選B。

4.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?

A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld

B.AShortHistoryofAustralia

C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects

D.HowArtWorksTellStories

答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistory

thatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworld

haseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.（如果你想講述整個世界的歷史，一段不

以人類某一部分為特權的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因為世界上只有一部分人的歷史曾經(jīng)被文字

記錄過，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時間里，都沒有。）”結(jié)合最后一段的"Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfof

thatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我們要找至?。輰υ挼牧硪话?，我們不僅要

讀文本，還要讀物體。）”可知，本文講述僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史有局限性，想要更好的了解歷

史就要將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起。從而推斷文章最有可能選自《100件物品中的世界史知故選C。

B

2024?湖北七校聯(lián)考議論文325詞★★★☆☆

Standinginmyoffice25yearsagowasanunknown,newlyrisingastronomerwithahalf-smileonherface.

Shehadcomewithademandthatmyteamchangeourtestedsoftwaretomakeoneofourmostimportantand

in-demandscientificinstrumentsdosomethingithadneverbeendesignedfor,andriskbreakingitdown.Allto

carryoutanexperimentthatwasbasicallyawasteoftimeandcouldn'tbedone-toprovethatamassiveblackhole

hidatthecenterofourMilkyWay.

Myinitial“noway“graduallygavewayinthefaceofhercheerfulbutfirmdetermination.Itwasmyfirst

encounterwithaforceofnature,AndreaGhez,oneofthreewinnersoftheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin2020.That

determinationandthewillingnesstotakecalculatedriskshasalwayscharacterizedAndrea.For25yearsshehas

focusedalmostonlyonSagittariusA-thenameofourownlocalsupermassiveblackhole.AndAndreaisoneof

thegreatpioneersinthissearchwithoutquestion.

AndreadidherworkattheW.M.KeckObservatory*stwintelescopesonMaunakea,Hawaii.Shestarted

usingtheveryfirstinstrumentlicensedonKeckObservatory*sNearInfraredCamera(NIRC).NIRCwasnever

designedtodowhatAndreaneededbutshewasnottobedenied.Anditworked!Itwasextremelyhardand

time-consumingtomakesenseofthedata,butAndreapersisted.

AsAndreawouldbetheveryfirsttoacknowledge,thisvictoryrepresentsthecombinedeffortsofsomany.

Butactuallyonepersonhadtheideafortheresearch.Onepersonhadthechutzpah(無所顧忌)toproposeitand

onepersonhadthedeterminationandfocustomakeithappen,notdiscouragedbyallwhosaiditwasawasteof

time.ThatpersonisAndreaGhez,winnerofthe2020NobelPrizeforPhysics.

5.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAndreaGhez*srequestatfirst?

A.It*sdemanding.B.Itsinteresting.

C.It*sacceptable.D.Itsmeaningless.

答案與解析：D根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可推知，作者一開始認為AndreaGhez的要求是毫無意義的，是

浪費時間的。

6.WhatdowelearnaboutAndreaGhez'sresearchfromParagraph2?

A.Ittakesdecadesofefforts.

B.Itdealswithpowerofnature.

C.It*sapurelyindividualproject.

D.It*saboutmeasurementofahole.

答案與解析：A根據(jù)第二段中“For25yearsshehasfocusedalmostonlyonSagittariusA一thenameofour

ownlocalsupermassiveblackhole.“可知，AndreaGhez的研究花費了幾十年的努力。

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAndreaGhez'sworkinHawaii?

A.Dange