感覺器官解剖生理PartVThesensoryorgansChapteroneThevisualorganconsistsofeyeballandaccessoryorgansofeye.感覺器官解剖生理SectiononetheEyeball

一、ThestructureofeyeballTheeyeballcomprisesthewalloftheeyeballandthecontentsenclosedbyit．

感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理(一)TheWallofEyeballItconsistsofthreetunics(layers)，

fromoutsideinwards，

whicharethefibroustunic，thevasculartunicandretina．

感覺器官解剖生理1Thefibroustunic(outersupportinglayer)consistsofthesclerabehindandthecorneainfront.1)Thescleraa.features:posteriorfive-sixthsoftheouterlayer.strong,whiteandopaqueb.scleralvenoussinus(Schlemm’canal)2)Thecorneaa.features:anteriorone-sixthoftheouterlayer.transparentandnon-vascular,butrichnerveterminals感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理2.Thevasculartunicconsistsoftheiris,theciliarybodyandthechoroid1)Theirisa.locationandshapeb.pupilc.sphincteranddilatorpupillaed.iridocornealanglee.colour:brown,dark,blue.dependsuponthenumberandplacementofpigmentcells(melanocytes)感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理2)Theciliarybodya.locationandshapeb.ciliaryringandciliaryprocessesc.ciliarymuscled.ciliaryzonule(suspensoryligament)e.function:produceaqueoushumor感覺器官解剖生理3)Thechoroida.locationandshape:posteriortwothirdsofchoroidb.features:numerousbloodvesselsandpigmentcells感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理3.Theinnertunic(theretina)1)Division:theopticpart,ciliarypartandiridialpart2)Construction:twolayers→outerpigmentedlayerandinnerneuroretina(photoreceptors:rodandconecells)3)Opticdisc(blindspot)4)Maculalutea:foveacentralis→visionissharpest感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理（二）Thecontentsoftheeyeballincludetheaqueoushumor,thevitreousbodyandthelens.Withthecorneaaltogethertoformtherefractivemedia.感覺器官解剖生理l.Thechambersoftheeye:betweenthecorneaandthelens;anddividedintotheanteriorandtheposteriorchambersbytheiris.Itisfilledwithaqueoushumor.2.Theaqueoushumor:producedbythecapillariesoftheciliaryprocesses.Itiscolourless,transparentandwateryfluid.感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理3.Thelens1)Location:liesbetweentheirisandthevitreousbody.2)Features:transparentandelastic,biconvexbodylackingvesselsandnerves3）Structures:outercortexandinnernucleus感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理4.Thevitreousbodycolourless,transparentandjelly-likesubstance.Itfillsthespacebetweenthelensandtheretina(thevitreouschamber)感覺器官解剖生理SectiontwotheaccessoryorgansofeyeTheaccessoryorgansoftheeyeincludestheeyelid,theconjunctiva,thelacrimalapparatus,theextraocularmusclesandthefasciae.感覺器官解剖生理一、Theeyelids(orpalpebrae)includetheupperandlowereyelids1Structures:Palpebralfissure,lacrimalpapillaandpunctum2Layers:skin,subcutaneousareolartissue,orbicularisoculi,tarsus,andconjunctiva.感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理二、TheconjunctivaDivision:bulbarconjunctiva,palpebralconjunctivaandconjunctivalfornix感覺器官解剖生理三、TheLacrimalApparatusconsistsofthelacrimalglandandtbelacrimalpassages感覺器官解剖生理1Thelacrimalgland:liesinthelacrimalfossaoftheorbit感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理2Thelacrimalpassages1)Thelacrimalpunctum2)Thelacrimalductule(canaliculus)3)Thelacrimalsac4)Thenasolacrimalduct感覺器官解剖生理四、Theextraocularmuscles1Thefourrectusmusclesthemedialandlateralrectuses,thesuperiorandposteriorrectuses2Thetwoobliquemusclesthesuperiorobliquus(superiorobliquem.)andtheinferiorobliguus(inferiorobliquem.)3Thelevatorpalpebraesuperioris感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理五、TheconnectivetissueintheOrbit1Theadiposebodyoforbit2Thesheathofeyeball(thecapsuleofTenon)3Theepiscleralspace感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理SectionthreeThebloodvesselsofeye一、Thearteriesofeyesuppliedbytheophthalmicartery1Thecentralarteryofretina:superiorandinferiornasalretinalarteries,superiorandinferiortemporalretinalarteries2Theshortposteriorciliaryarteries:supplythechoroidcoatandciliaryprocess3Thelongposteriorciliaryarteries:supplytheiris感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理二、Theveinsofeye1Theophthalmicveins:thesuperiorandtheinferiorophthalmicv.2Thecentralveinofretina感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理ChaptertwothevestibulocochlearorganThevestibulocochlearorganisdividedintothreeparts:theexternal,middleandinternalears.感覺器官解剖生理Sectiononetheexternalear

Theexternalearconsistsoftheauricle,externalacousticmeatus,andtympanicmembrane

感覺器官解剖生理1Theauricle感覺器官解剖生理2Theexternalacousticmeatusextendsfromtheexterna1acousticporetothetympanicmembrane1)Twoparts:lateralpart:thecartilaginouspart(one-third)medialpart:thebonypart(two-thirds)2)Direction:passesmedially,itslateralpartrunsforwardsandupwards,andthenbackwardsandthemedialpartrunsforwardsanddownwards感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理3Thetympanicmembraneovalinform,thinandsemi-transparent1)Twoparts:tensepart(lowerthreefourthsoftympanicmembrane)andflaccidpart(upperonefourth)2)Theumbo3)Coneoflight:lieanteroinferiortothetensepartofumbo感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理SectiontwothemiddleearThemiddleearliesbetweentheexternalandinnerears,andincludesthreeparts:thetympaniccavity,theauditorytubeandthemastoidcells.感覺器官解剖生理1Thetympaniccavityl)Thewallsofthetympaniccavity→sixwalls:a.Thetegmentalwall(superiorwall)b.Thejugularwall(inferiorwall)c.Thecarotidwall(anteriorwall)d.Themastoidwall(posteriorwall)e.Themembranouswall(lateralwall)f.Thelabyrinthinewall(medialwall)感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理2)Theauditoryossiclesa.threeossicles:themalleus,incusandstapesb.Themusclesofthetympaniccavity:thetensortympaniandthestapedius感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理2Theauditorytube(Eustachiantube)

thechannelthroughwhichthetympaniccavitycommunicateswiththenasopharynx.感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理3Themastoidcellsspacesinthemastoidprocessofthetemporalbone感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理Sectionthreetheinternalear

Theinternal(inner)earliesinthepetrouspartofthetemporalboneandconsistsoftwoparts:

thebonylabyrinthandthemembranouslabyrinth.感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理一、Thebonylabyrinththreeparts:

thecochlea,thevestibuleandthesemicircularcanals.感覺器官解剖生理1Thecochlea:looksliketheshellofasnailandcomposedofthebonycanal感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理2Thevestibule:thecentralpartofthebonylabyrinth.Onitslateralwall,therearetwoopenings:thefenestravestibuliandthefenestracochleae.Ontheposteriorwallofthevestibuletherearethefiveopeningsofthesemicircularcanals.Onitsanteriorwallalargeopeningcommunicateswiththescalavestibuli.感覺器官解剖生理感覺器官解剖生理3Thesemicircularcanalsthreeinnumber,anterior(superior),posteriorandlateralsemicircularcanal感覺器官解剖生理二、Themembranouslabyrinthfrombeforebackwards,includes:thecochlearduct,theutric