Unit

31.祈使句

祈使句表達說話人對對方的叮囑、勸告、希望、禁止、建議、請求或命令等。祈使句一般以動詞原形開頭，無時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。

（1）動詞原形構(gòu)成的祈使句：暗含的主語是you，通常省略。否定句往往由do

not

（don’t）或never開頭。祈使句的句首或句末有時加please,還可以加上稱呼語，用逗號與句子主體隔開。

請看下列例句:

Have

a

nice

day!

玩得開心！

Don’t

waste

your

time!

不要浪費時間！

Come

this

way,

please.請來這邊。

Make

sure

he’s

warm.確保他溫暖。（2）Let’s構(gòu)成的祈使句：肯定形式為“Let’sdosth.”，否定形式為“Let’snotdosth.”。例如：Let’sspendthisweekendinthecountryside.我們這周在鄉(xiāng)下過周末吧。Let’stakeataxi,shallwe我們坐出租車吧，可以嗎？

（3）無動詞祈使句：在請求、命令和口號中，常用無動詞祈使句，但它實際上是省略了動詞，從而使語句更簡潔有力。例如:

Just

a

minute,

please!請等一分鐘！

This

way,

please!請這邊走！2.情態(tài)動詞表示推測

情態(tài)動詞中must，can，

could,

may,

might這五個詞常用于表示推測，而且推測的可能性依次減小。must的可能性最大，can

/

could次之，may

/

might最小。

（1）must意思是“一定、準是”，語氣較肯定，較有把握。must表示推測只用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思時，用can’t或couldn’t。例如：

He

must

be

American.

他準是個美國人。

He

can’t

know

my

address.

他肯定不知道我的地址。

（2）can/could表示推測“可能性”，可能性比must小，但仍然有潛在可能。can往往用于否定句和疑問句。在肯定句中表示現(xiàn)實可能性通常用could。例如：

That

can’t

be

true.

那不可能是真的。

You

could

be

right,

but

I

don’t

think

you

are.你可能是對的，但是我不認同。

（3）may,

might表示推測“可能性”時，意思是“可能、也許”，

might在語氣上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。may,

might表示推測時，可以用于否定句，意思是“可能不、也許不”，但不用于疑問句。例如：

He

may

be

American.

他可能是美國人。

He

might

not

be

at

home.

他也許不在家?；A達標一、單項選擇。1.—My

brother

won

the

first

prize

in

the

speech

competition.—Congratulations!

You

________

be

excited

about

that!(

)

BA.need

B.must

C.would2.The

lady

in

this

photo

________

be

over

fifty!

She

looks

so

young!

(

)

CA.mustn’t

B.must

C.can’t3.This

toy

Mickey

Mouse

________

be

Amy’s.

She’s

the

only

kid

at

the

picnic.(

)

AA.must

B.can

C.can’t4.I’m

very

________

that

our

country

is

becoming

stronger

and

stronger.(

)

BA.full

B.proud

C.careful5.—Look!Amanislyingontheroad.Shallwe________—No.Let’scall120first.()CA.cheer

him

on

B.lift

up

him

C.lift

him

up6.Tom,________,

or

you’ll

get

heavier.(

)

AA.don’t

eat

so

much

meatB.doesn’t

eat

so

much

meatC.don’t

play

football

any

more7.—Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow—Idon’tknow.It________bewindy,rainyorsunny.()BA.must

B.might

C.should8.It’s

too

dangerous.

You

must

________

the

fire.(

)

AA.keep

away

from

B.lift

up

C.look

after能力訓練二、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當?shù)膯卧~填空，完成短文。部分單詞需要進行詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。fall

protect

keep

if

hidehurt

open

wall

cause

away

An

earthquake

usually

comes

without

warning.

It

is

dangerous,

but

you

can

do

something

to

1.

.

yourself

when

it

happens.protect

If

you

are

inside

when

the

earthquake

starts，you

can

2.

.

under

a

bed.

You

need

to

have

something

strong

around

you

to

protect

you

from

3.

.

things.

Don’t

stand

near

4.

.

or

windows.

If

you

are

outside,

get

to

an

5.

.

area

as

fast

as

you

can.

6.

.

away

from

buildings

and

trees.

7.

.

you

are

in

a

car,

stay

in

the

car.

If

you

are

close

to

the

sea,

try

to

get

as

far

8.

.

from

the

water

as

possible.

Earthquakes

can

9.

.

huge

waves

（海浪）.

The

waves

can

really

10.

.

the

people

around.hidefallingwallsopenKeepIfawaycausehurtfall

protect

keep

if

hidehurt

open

wall

cause

away素養(yǎng)提升三、閱讀理解。Ahurricane（颶風）isabigstormthatstartsfromthesea.ThehurricaneseasonisusuallyfromJune1sttoNovember30th.HowdoesahurricanehappenAsthesunshines（照耀）onthesea,thewatergetshot.Thehotwaterstartstoevaporate（蒸發(fā)）.Asthecloudsgetbigwithevaporatedwater,theairaroundthecloudscanstarttomovefast.Whenthewindsaremovingat74milesperhourorfaster,thestormiscalledahurricane.

Many

hurricanes

never

reach

land.

But

when

a

hurricane

reaches

land,

it

can

damage

（損壞）

buildings,

trees

and

cars.

The

hurricane

can

also

cause

floods.

When

there

are

floods

in

villages,

there

will

be

a

lot

of

water

covering

the

ground,

making

houses

and

fields

under

water,

and

people

have

to

leave

their

homes

or

they

may

die.

You

should

be

careful

when

a

hurricane

is

coming.

☆

Listen

to

the

radio

or

watch

TV

for

important

information.

☆

If

your

house

isn’t

on

higher

ground,

go

to

a

higher

place

quickly.

☆

Have

enough

food

and

water

for

at

least

3

days

and

stay

indoors

until

it

is

safe

to

go

out.

☆

If

you’re

told

to

go

to

a

safer

place,

go

there

at

once.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確的答案。1.Inwhatseasondoesahurricaneusuallyhappen()BA.Spring.

B.Summer.

C.Winter.2.Whatistheorder（順序）ofmakingahurricanehappen()B①The

clouds

get

big.②The

hot

water

evaporates.③The

air

around

the

clouds

moves

fast.④The

sea

water

gets

hot

because

of

the

sun.A.②④③①

B.④②①③

C.③①②④3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“floods”meaninChinese()AA.洪水

B.海嘯

C.堰塞湖4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhelpyougetthroughahurricanesafely()AA.Enough

food

and

water.B.A

house

on

lower

ground.C.A

broken

TV.5.Wherecanyoufindthepassage()CA.In

a

dictionary.

B.In

a

storybook.

C.In

a

safe

guide.四、書面表達。

你們學校學生會準備辦一期英語墻報，主題為“面對火災如何自救”。請你根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇70詞左右的英語短文。

內(nèi)容提示：1.

保持鎮(zhèn)定，不要大喊大叫；

2.當火勢小時，第一時間用滅火器（fire

extinguisher）和水滅火（put

out

the

fire）；

3.有濃煙（thick

smoke）時，壓低身體（lower

your

body），同時用濕毛巾（wet

towel）捂住口鼻，盡快逃離；

4.不要使用電梯，不要從高樓跳下；

5.最后不要忘記撥打119。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whenyouareinafire,doyouknowwhattodoHere’ssomeadviceforyou.Firstofall,keepcalmanddon’tshoutorcry.Whilethefireissmall,trytoputitoutwithfireextinguishersandwater.Ifthereisthicksmoke,tryyourbesttoloweryourbody,andatthesametimeuseawettoweltocoveryourmouthandnose.Runawayasquicklyasyoucan.Don’tusetheliftanddon’tjumpoutofhighbuildings.Atlast,don’tforgettocall119.知識清單重點短語1._________急救firstaid2._______________在……的底部atthebottomof3.______________發(fā)出響聲makeasound4._______痛苦inpain5.___________首先firstofall6.________找到findout7.____________________________做某事有困難havetrouble（in）doingsth.8._____________大聲呼救shoutforhelp13.____________確保makesure14._____________用……覆蓋……cover…with…15._____________如此……以至于……such…that16._________________警告某人某事warnsb.aboutsth.17._____________跳下jumpoutof18.__________保持冷靜keepcalm9._____________________讓他舒服些makehimcomfortable10._________扶某人起來liftsb.up11.________________讓某人坐椅子上sitsb.onchair12.__________________________做一些基本的醫(yī)療訓練dosomebasicmedicaltraining19.________________遠離stayawayfrom20.____________不要靠近keepclearof21.______________停止搖晃stopshaking22.____________小心，當心becarefulof23.______________落石fallingrocks24.__________在沙灘上onabeach25.________________跑離runawayfrom26.________總而言之inshort重點句型1.______________________讓我們來想象一次意外事故。Let’simagineanaccident.2.__________________________________一個男孩正躺在樓梯的下面。Aboyislyingatthebottomofthestairs.3.________________________________________________但是他有可能聽不見你的問話或者無法跟你說話。Buthecouldhavetroublehearingyouorspeakingtoyou.4.________________________________________