第三單元過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)(B卷)(時(shí)間:90分鐘滿分:120分)第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2024·北京卷)Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”1.Whatisthemajorcausethatdirectlyresultsinchangesinoceancolour?A.Thetemperatureofseawater.B.Thetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.C.Theoxygengivenoffbyphytoplankton.D.Theamountofcarbondioxideinthearea.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.”可知,海洋的顏色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等,取決于浮游植物的種類和濃度。故選B項(xiàng)。2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.”可知在某些海疆,氣候變暖給浮游植物供應(yīng)更成熟的條件,而這些水域?qū)?huì)變得更綠。故選D項(xiàng)。3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Todescribetheimportanceofphytoplankton.B.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.C.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.D.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.答案B解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。通過(guò)文章的第一段以及最終一段的內(nèi)容可知,作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的主要目的就是說(shuō)明氣候改變對(duì)海洋的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。BThesnowinAntarcticaisturninggreenandscientistssayclimatechangemaybetoblame.AccordingtoastudyattheCambridgeUniversity,microscopicalgaebloomsacrossthesurfaceofthesnowisslowlyturningAntarctica'swinterwhitelandscapegreen.Althoughmicroscopic,scientistssaythey'reabletoseethe“greensnow”fromspacewhenthealgaebloomsalltogether.Researcherscreatedalarge-scalemapofgreensnowalgaealongtheAntarcticcoastusingacombinationofsatellitedataandon-the-groundobservationsoverthecourseoftwosummers.Thestudyfoundthatthegreensnowalgaebloomedinwarmerareaswheretheaveragetemperaturesarejustabove0℃duringthesouthernhemisphere's(半球的)summermonthsfromNovembertoFebruary.“AsAntarcticawarms,wepredicttheoverallmassofsnowalgaewillincrease,”saidDrAndrewGray,leadauthorofthepaper,andaresearcher.ResearcherssaylargerbloomsofalgaecanbefoundnorthoftheAntarcticandSouthShetlandIslands,whereitcanspreadtohighergroundasthesnowmelts.Theteamalsodiscoveredsomeseabirdsandmammalsinfluencedthedistributionofalgae.Over60%ofalgaebloomswerefoundwithinthreemilesofapenguinsettlement.Scientistshypothesisethismaybeduetotheirdroppings,whichactasa“highlynutritiousfertiliser”.“Thisisasignificantadvanceinourunderstandingofland-basedlifeonAntarctica,andhowitmightchangeinthecomingyearsastheclimatewarms,”saidDrMattDaveyintheUniversityofCambridge'sDepartmentofPlantSciences,wholedthestudy.4.WhatisturningtheAntarcticsnowgreen?A.Themeltingofsnow. B.Thebloomingalgae.C.Thebeautifullandscape. D.Thebalancedtemperature.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“...microscopicalgaebloomsacrossthesurfaceofthesnowisslowlyturningAntarctica'swinterwhitelandscapegreen.”可知,遍布雪表面的微生物藻類的爆發(fā)正在漸漸地將南極洲冬天的白色景觀變成綠色。所以南極洲的雪變綠的緣由是藻類的爆發(fā)。故選B項(xiàng)。5.WhereismicroscopicalgaemostlikelytobloominAntarctica?A.NorthoftheAntarctic. B.WestoftheSouthPole.C.SouthoftheAntarctic. D.Aroundthesouthernhemisphere.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“ResearcherssaylargerbloomsofalgaecanbefoundnorthoftheAntarcticandSouthShetlandIslands,...”可知,更大的藻類的爆發(fā)會(huì)在南極洲北部和南設(shè)得蘭群島被發(fā)覺(jué)。故選A項(xiàng)。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hypothesise”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Confirm. B.Support.C.Assume. D.Warn.答案C解析詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)“thismaybeduetotheirdroppings”中的“may”和“dueto”可知,科學(xué)家們是在推想和假設(shè)緣由。故選C項(xiàng)。7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Penguinsfeedonmicroscopicalgae.B.Antarcticalgaegrowunderthesnow.C.Groundobservationlastedforfourmonths.D.Animaldroppingscontributetothealgaeblooms.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。文中并未提到企鵝以藻類為食,故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò);依據(jù)第一段中的“acrossthesurfaceofthesnow”可知,藻類覆蓋在雪的表面,故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò);依據(jù)其次段中的“...on-the-groundobservationsoverthecourseoftwosummers.”可知,地面視察持續(xù)了兩個(gè)夏天,故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò);依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“thismaybeduetotheirdroppings”可知,藻類的爆發(fā)可能是因?yàn)槠簌Z等動(dòng)物的糞便。故選D項(xiàng)。CMostscientistsarenowcertainthatglobalwarmingistakingplace.GasessuchascarbondioxidearecreatingawarmblanketaroundEarth.Thisblanketistrappingheatintheatmosphere,andsoraisingthetemperatureofEarth.InEurope,eightofthelasttenyearshaveseenrecordhightemperatures.Ontheotherhand,thecountriesaroundtheMediterraneanSeaarereceivingevenlessrainthanbefore.InSub-SaharanAfricathecropsaredryingoutinthefieldsandpeoplearedyingofstarvation.In1999,thesouthernUnitedStateswasstruckbyaseriousofdestructive(毀滅性的)hurricanes.Scientistsexpectsuchtrendstocontinue,andtoworsen,ifglobalwarmingcannotbestopped.Inadditiontoworryingaboutrisingglobaltemperaturesandextremeweatherconditions,scientistsarecloselymonitoringsealevelsaroundtheworld.Theyareslowlyrising,asthenorthernandsouthernpolaricecapsstarttomelt.Thiswillhaveseriousconsequencesforlow-lyingcountriesnearthesea.Alreadypartsoftheseplacesaredisappearingundertherisingseawater.Accordingtoanewresearch,onecontradictoryfeatureofglobalwarmingisthatitwillprobablyleadtoaperiodofmuchcolderweather.Scientistsbasetheirtheoryonwhathappenedthelasttimetheworldwarmedup8,300yearsago.TheyhavediscoveredthatwhentheicemeltedfromthenorthernpolaricecapitbecametrappedinalakeinnorthernCanada.Asmoreicemelted,thislakesuddenlyburstopen,pouringmillionsoftonsoffreezingfreshwaterintotheNorthAtlantic.ThisfloodofwaterpreventedthenormalflowofwaterintheAtlantic,whichtakeswarmwaterfromthetropics(熱帶地區(qū))northtoEurope.Whenthisflowofwarmwaterwascutoff,temperaturesinEuropedroppedbybetweenthreeandeightdegreesoverthenext200years.“That'stheconcernhere,”saysRichardAlley,anAmericanclimateexpert.“Theclimatehasn'tvariedmuchin8,000years.Butbigchangescouldcomeback!”8.WhatistheoveralleffectofglobalwarmingonEurope?A.Awarmerclimate. B.Adeclineinrainfall.C.Anincreaseofhurricanes. D.Adecreaseofcropproduction.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“InEurope,eightofthelasttenyearshaveseenrecordhightemperatures.”可知,全球變暖帶給歐洲的影響是氣溫上升。故選A項(xiàng)。9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Therisingsealevel. B.Themeltingoficebergs.C.Theincreaseindisasters. D.Thecauseofglobalwarming.答案A解析主旨大意題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Inadditiontoworryingaboutrisingglobaltemperaturesandextremeweatherconditions,scientistsarecloselymonitoringsealevelsaroundtheworld.Theyareslowlyrising,asthenorthernandsouthernpolaricecapsstarttomelt.”可知,本段主要講解并描述持續(xù)上升的海平面。故選A項(xiàng)。10.HowdoestheauthordescribetheclimatechangeinEurope8,300yearsago?A.Byofferingstatistics. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byanalysingtheprocess.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段可推想,作者通過(guò)分析過(guò)程的方法,陳述了8300年前的那次氣候改變。故選D項(xiàng)。11.WhatcanweinferfromRichardAlley'swords?A.Globalclimatechangewillbringmoredisasters.B.Globalwarmingwilllikelyproduceacolderclimate.C.Globalwarmingwillcontinueforthenexttwocenturies.D.Globalclimatewillremainunchangeableinthenext8,000years.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Whenthisflowofwarmwaterwascutoff,temperaturesinEuropedroppedbybetweenthreeandeightdegreesoverthenext200years.”可推想,RichardAlley的意思是全球變暖可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生一個(gè)更冷的氣候。故選B項(xiàng)。DChineseminershavemanagedtoextract“flammableice”fromtheseaflooroftheSouthChinaSea,accordingtotheMinistryofLandandResources.“Thesuccessfulcollectionofthefrozenfuelisamajorbreakthroughthatmayleadtoaglobalenergyrevolution,”saidChina'sMinisterofLandandResources,JiangDaming.“FlammableIce”ismethanehydrates(甲烷水合物)withmolecules(分子)ofmethanegastrappedinicecrystals.Itcanexistonlyinconditionsofverylowtemperaturesandhighpressure.Onecubicmetreofflammableiceisequalto164cubicmetresofnaturalgas,accordingtotheUSEnergyInformationAgency.“Itlookslikeicecrystals,butyouseethemethanemoleculesarecagedinbythewatermolecules,”saidAssociateProfessorPraveenLingafromtheDepartmentofChemicalandBiomolecularEngineeringattheNationalUniversityofSingapore.Inspiteofthelowtemperature,thehydratesareeasilyflammableasthegastrappedintheicewillcatchfireonceyoubringittoaflame.ThediscoveryisChina'sfirstsuccessintheminingof“flammableice”followingalmosttwentyyearsofresearchandexploration,accordingtotheministry.Theminersmanagedtoextractadailyaverageof16,000cubicmetresofgaswithhighpurityfromtheminingsite.Thenaturalgashydrateisbelievedtobethebestreplacementfornaturalgasandoil.Moreover,itisenvironmentallysafeandinlargereserves,accordingtotheheadoftheChinaGeologicalSurveyBureau,ZhongZiran.“ManycountriesalongtheMaritimeSilkRoadhaveademandforflammableice.Withtheadvancedtechnologywecanhelpsolvetheenergyresourcesproblemandboost(促進(jìn))economicdevelopmentandexchangesbetweencountries,”saidQiuHaijun.12.WhatisJiangDaming'sattitudetowardsChina'sextracting“flammableice”?A.Neural. B.Positive.C.Indifferent. D.Uncertain.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“...amajorbreakthroughthatmayleadtoaglobalenergyrevolution...JiangDaming.”可知,JiangDaming對(duì)中國(guó)提取可燃冰持確定的看法。故選B項(xiàng)。13.“Flammableice”onlyexistsinconditionswhere.

A.thewatercouldbefrozenB.thenaturalgasoroilisproducedC.thetemperaturesarelowandthepressureishighD.thereisaseawithwarmclimateliketheSouthChinaSea答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Itcanexistonlyinconditionsofverylowtemperaturesandhighpressure.”可知,可燃冰只在低溫高壓的條件下才能存在。故選C項(xiàng)。14.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph4that.

A.ittookChinagreateffortstodiscoverandextract“flammableice”B.theminingsiteofthe“flammableice”iscleanC.16,000cubicmetresofgascouldbeextractedatmosteverydayD.itiseasyforChinatomine“flammableice”successfully答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“followingalmosttwentyyearsofresearchandexploration”可推斷出,中國(guó)在發(fā)覺(jué)和開(kāi)采可燃冰的過(guò)程中付出了很大的努力。故選A項(xiàng)。15.WhatisthesignificanceoftheChinesemajorbreakthroughof“flammableice”?A.Itisthemostimportantminingdiscoveryinhistory.B.Theminingsitewillattractmanytourists.C.ManycountriesalongtheMaritimeSilkRoadsupportit.D.Itmayleadtoaglobalenergyrevolutionasanalternativefuel.答案D解析主旨大意題。本文主要報(bào)道了中國(guó)在南海連續(xù)試采可燃冰中所取得的突破,并預(yù)言這一突破可能會(huì)引發(fā)全球性的能源革命。這一重大突破的重要性在于——可燃冰作為一種可替代能源可能會(huì)引發(fā)全球性的能源革命。故選D項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Icesheetscoveringthree-quartersofGreenland,theworld'slargestisland,aremeltingatafastpace.16Suchpredictionwasmadefromthefindingsofaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingrepresentativesfromtheDanishMeteorologicalInstitute(DMI).

ClimateresearcherRuthMottramsaidinaDMIpressrelease,“Ifglobalwarmingcontinuesasbefore—whatwecallthehighemissionscenario,thenthetemperaturewillbelikelytorisebyafurther4.0to6.6degreesbytheyear2100.”17Andtheresearchersaddedthatthepolarregionsaremoresensitivetoclimatechange.

18ByusingthemtheycancalculatetheextentthatthemeltingofGreenland'sinlandicewouldcontributetotheglobalsealevel,byexaminingtheunstablerelationshipbetweenthechangeinsummertemperaturesinGreenlandandtheice'ssurfacemass-balanceoverthelast30years.“Ourresearchshowsthatweshouldexpectanincreaseof10to12.5centimetresinglobalsealevelbytheyear2100asadirectresultofincreasedicemeltingandlossofsurfacemassfromtheGreenlandicesheetalone,”saidMottram.

JohnCappelen,seniorclimatologist(氣候?qū)W家)atDMIandmemberoftheresearchteam,stressedtheseriousnessoftheteam'sfindingsandcalledallpeopleandcountriestoobeytheParisAgreementasawaytolimittheglobalwarming.“19Otherwisewecan'tlimittheglobalwarming,”saidCappelen.

TheParisAgreementwasagreedbythe195membereconomiesinParisin2015,withthegoalofreducingglobalwarming.20

A.It'sreallyapity.B.Somethingmusthappentoourbehaviour.C.WemustdosomethingtoprotectGreenland.D.However,somecountrieswanttoquittheagreement.E.Suchariseintemperatureissignificantlygreaterthanweexpect.F.Researchersusedthelatestglobalandregionalclimatemodelingtools.G.Bytheendofthiscentury,sealevelscouldrisebyabout12.5centimetres.答案16.G17.E18.F19.B20.D其次部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ThelastfullycompleteiceshelfintheCanadianArctichascollapsed(坍塌).TheMilneIceShelfis21EllesmereIsland,Canada.Theshelflost2240percentofitsareainjusttwodaysattheendofJuly.

Abovenormalairtemperatures,offshorewindsandopenwaterinfrontoftheiceshelfareallpartsofthe23foritsbreak-up.Theshelf'sareashrankbyabout80squarekilometres.Bycomparison,theislandofManhattaninNewYork24about60squarekilometres.Temperaturesinthepolarareahavebeen25intense(劇烈的).SummerintheCanadianArcticthisyearhasbeen5degreesCelsius26the30-yearaverage.Thathas27smallericecaps,28canmeltquickly.Asaglacierdisappears,morebedrockisleft29.Thisthenspeedsupthemelting30.Aresearchcamp,includinginstrumentsformeasuringwaterflowthroughtheiceshelf,waslostwhentheshelfatEllesmereIslandcollapsed.

“Itwasonlya31oftime,”saidMarkSerreze,directoroftheNationalSnowandIceDataCentre.Hisstudyshowedtheicecapswere32todisappearwithinfiveyears.Theirdisappearancewas33lastmonth,whenNASAsatelliteimagesoftheareashowedacompletelackofsnowandice.Serreze's34triptotheArcticwasmanyyearsago.“WhenIwasthereinthe1980s,Ikneweverysquareinchofthoseicecaps,”Serrezesaid.“Youhavethegood35.It'slikeyourfirstgirlfriend.”

21.A.attheedgeof B.infrontofC.atthebackof D.attheendof答案A解析句意:米爾恩冰架位于加拿大埃爾斯米爾島的邊緣。attheedgeof“在……的邊緣”;infrontof“在……的前面”;atthebackof“在……的后部”;attheendof“在……的結(jié)尾”。依據(jù)常識(shí)可知,米爾恩冰架位于加拿大埃爾斯米爾島的邊緣。故選A項(xiàng)。22.A.ratherthan B.lessthanC.otherthan D.morethan答案D解析句意:七月底,僅僅兩天時(shí)間,冰架面積就削減了40%以上。ratherthan“而不是”;lessthan“少于”;otherthan“除了”;morethan“多于”。依據(jù)上文“ThelastfullycompleteiceshelfintheCanadianArctichascollapsed.”可知,加拿大北極地區(qū)最終一個(gè)完整的冰架倒塌了。由此推知,七月底冰架面積削減了很多。故選D項(xiàng)。23.A.situations B.conditionsC.elements D.problems答案C解析句意:高于正常氣溫、離岸風(fēng)和大陸架前的開(kāi)放水域都是導(dǎo)致其斷裂的因素。situation“狀況”;condition“條件”;element“要素”;problem“問(wèn)題”。故選C項(xiàng)。24.Abines B.coversC.evaluates D.obtains答案B解析句意:相比之下,紐約的曼哈頓島占地大約60平方千米。combine“組合,結(jié)合”;cover“覆蓋”;evaluate“評(píng)價(jià)”;obtain“獲得”。依據(jù)“60squarekilometres”可知,此處表示島嶼覆蓋的范圍。故選B項(xiàng)。25.A.seriously B.especiallyC.naturally D.nearly答案B解析句意:極地地區(qū)的氣溫尤其高。seriously“嚴(yán)峻地”;especially“尤其”;naturally“自然地”;nearly“幾乎”。依據(jù)上文“Abovenormalairtemperatures,...”可知,極地地區(qū)的氣溫尤其高。故選B項(xiàng)。26.A.down B.belowC.up D.above答案D解析句意:今年加拿大北極地區(qū)的夏季比30年來(lái)的平均氣溫高出5攝氏度。down“向下”;below“在……下面”;up“向上”;above“在……之上”。依據(jù)上文“Theshelflost40percentofitsareainjusttwodaysattheendofJuly.”可知,冰架的溶化是由于今年的氣溫比往年更高。故選D項(xiàng)。

27.A.reduced B.brokenC.threatened D.brought答案C解析句意:這已經(jīng)威逼到了可以快速溶化的小冰蓋。reduce“削減”;break“破壞”;threaten“使驚嚇”;bring“帶來(lái)”。依據(jù)下文“Thisthenspeedsupthemelting.”可知,加速溶化對(duì)小冰蓋的存在產(chǎn)生了威逼。故選C項(xiàng)。

28.A.which B.thatC.where D.whose答案A解析句意同上。which關(guān)系代詞,指物;that關(guān)系代詞,可以指物或者指人;where關(guān)系副詞,作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ);whose關(guān)系代詞,表示“誰(shuí)的”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞“smallericecaps”在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),需用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故選A項(xiàng)。29.A.uncovered B.differentC.predictable D.spotted答案A解析句意:隨著冰川的消逝,更多的基巖袒露在外。uncovered“袒露的;無(wú)覆蓋的”;different“不同的”;predictable“可預(yù)見(jiàn)的”;spotted“有花點(diǎn)的”。依據(jù)“Asaglacierdisappears,...”可知,因?yàn)楸ǖ娜芑?很多基巖袒露在外。故選A項(xiàng)。30.A.programme B.progressC.project D.process答案D解析句意:這就加速了溶化過(guò)程。programme“項(xiàng)目”;progress“進(jìn)步”;project“方案;工程”;process“過(guò)程;進(jìn)程”。依據(jù)“Asaglacierdisappears,morebedrockisleft...”可知,冰川溶化,基巖袒露加速了溶化的過(guò)程。故選D項(xiàng)。31.A.question B.thingC.matter D.concept答案C解析句意:一切只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。question“問(wèn)題”;thing“事情”;matter“問(wèn)題”;concept“概念,觀念”。依據(jù)上文“Aresearchcamp,includinginstrumentsformeasuringwaterflowthroughtheiceshelf,waslostwhentheshelfatEllesmereIslandcollapsed.”可知,當(dāng)埃爾斯米爾島冰架倒塌時(shí),伴隨營(yíng)地消逝的還有測(cè)量流經(jīng)冰架的水流量的儀器。由此推知,此處表示上面的這些事物消逝只是時(shí)間的問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)。32.A.possibly B.likelyC.probably D.surely答案B解析句意:他的探討表明,冰蓋有可能在五年內(nèi)消逝。possibly“有可能地”;likely“可能;或許”;probably“很可能;也許”;surely“必定;當(dāng)然”。sb/sthbelikelytodosth為固定短語(yǔ),意為“有可能做某事”。故選B項(xiàng)。33.A.simplified B.launchedC.confirmed D.accompanied答案C解析句意:上個(gè)月,美國(guó)國(guó)家宇航局的衛(wèi)星圖像顯示,該地區(qū)完全沒(méi)有冰雪,這也證明了冰蓋消逝的事實(shí)。simplify“使簡(jiǎn)化”;launch“發(fā)起;發(fā)動(dòng)”;confirm“證明”;accompany“陪伴”。依據(jù)“...whenNASAsatelliteimagesoftheareashowedacompletelackofsnowandice.”可知,此處用科技手段證明了冰蓋的消逝。故選C項(xiàng)。34.A.research B.searchC.culture D.business答案A解析句意:Serreze的北極考察之旅是很多年前的事了。research“調(diào)查;探討”;search“搜尋;搜尋”;culture“文化”;business“生意”。依據(jù)“triptotheArctic”可知,此處表示去極地考察的旅行。故選A項(xiàng)。35.A.dreams B.ideasC.attitudes D.memories答案D解析句意:你有美妙的回憶。dream“幻想”;idea“想法;辦法”;attitude“看法”;memory“回憶”。依據(jù)上文“WhenIwasthereinthe1980s,Ikneweverysquareinchofthoseicecaps...”可知,依據(jù)Serreze的描述,當(dāng)年的極地考察之旅是美妙的回憶。故選D項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—36.(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis37.(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot38.itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular39.(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso40.thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-441.(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit42.(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon43.(construct).”Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow44.iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether45.(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

答案36.erest40.than41.tofind42.means43.isconstructed44.much45.its第三部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假如你是李華,“世界海洋日”即將來(lái)臨。請(qǐng)代表校學(xué)生會(huì)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一封倡議書(shū),呼吁大家愛(ài)護(hù)海洋動(dòng)物。內(nèi)容包括:1.發(fā)出倡議的緣由;2.如何愛(ài)護(hù)海洋動(dòng)物;3.號(hào)召大家一起行動(dòng)。留意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié),以使行文連貫;3.參考詞匯:世界海洋日WorldOceansDay

參考范文Dearfellows,WiththeapproachingofWorldOceansDay,wewouldliketocalloneveryonetoprotectmarineanimals.Eachyear,millionsofmarineanimalsdiefromhuntingandenvironmentalpollution.Therefore,effectivemeasuresshouldbeadoptedbeforethingsgetworse.Itisnecessarytoavoidpurchasingproductsmadefromanyendangeredmarineanimals.Besides,pleasedon'tthrowrubbishintotheoceanwhichwillpollutemarineanimals'livingconditions.Itistimethatwejoinedourhandstopreservemarineanimalsandcreateaharmonioushomeforthem.TheStudents'UnionJanuary12th其次節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。MamaandIspendmorningscleaningupthedirtthatblowsintoourhouse.Mamasaysallthedustisduetothedrought,notonlyhereintheOklahomapanhandle(狹長(zhǎng)地帶)butallovertheGreatPlains.Thedirtsiftsintoeverything.Itcoversourclothes.Wehavetowashthedishesbeforeeachmeal.Italsoslipsintotheautomobileshorn(喇叭).AlthoughPapahasfixedit,hefearsthedustfromtheroadwillruinthemotor.Sowehavetowalktoschool.Onthewaytoschool,mysister,Faye,andIwearkerchiefsoverourmouthssowedon'tbreatheinthedirt.Ondayswhentheairissobadthattheyclosetheschool,westayhomeandhelpMamaputsheetsoverthewindows.Butthedirtalwaysfindsawayin.LastSunday,therewasnodirtintheair,onlybrightspringsunshineandaclearbluesky.Afterchurch,PapaheadedouttothefieldtocheckonthecattlewhileMamastarteddinner.FayeandIplayedintheyard.Thetemperaturesuddenlydropped—itfeltgood.Theheathadbeenbuildingsincedawn.ThenMamashoutedfromthehouse,“Iris,youandFayegetinside.Bequick!”Ilookedtothewestandsawahugeblackcloudofdust,likethicksmokepouringoutfromachimney.Allthebirdsflewaway.“Faye,gowithMama!”Ishouted,“I'llwarnPapa.”Fayeracedtowardsthehouse.Thestormhitsofast,Ibarelysawherclimbtheporchsteps.Finesandheavedagainstmyfaceandinaninstantthedayturnedintonight.Istumbledoverourbicyclesleftcarelesslyintheyard.IscreamedforPapa,hopingmyvoicewouldleadhimback.Thedirtandsandstungmyskinlikeathousandbees.Ineededtogettoshelter.Coveringmyfacewithonehand,IfeltmywaytowardstheautomobileandIopenedthedoor.DirtflewinwithmeasIpulledthedoorclosed.Papawasstilloutthere!Ineededtohelphimfindtheautomobile.WorriedasIwas,Imanagedtocalmmyselfdown.IwasfiguringoutwhattodowhenIcaughtsightoftheswitchforthefrontlightsandthehorn.