目錄

英文句式.........................................................................2

要點(diǎn)1簡(jiǎn)單句................................................................2

1.簡(jiǎn)單句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式.....................................................2

2.簡(jiǎn)單句的句子成分.....................................................2

3.五大基本句型.........................................................3

要點(diǎn)2并列句................................................................4

1.并列句類型...........................................................4

2.并列句練習(xí)...........................................................4

要點(diǎn)3復(fù)合句................................................................6

1.復(fù)合句類型...........................................................6

2.復(fù)合句練習(xí)......................................................................................................................7

要點(diǎn)4特殊句式.............................................................10

特殊句式練習(xí)...........................................................10

英文句式

要點(diǎn)1簡(jiǎn)單句

簡(jiǎn)單句是只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或者是并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或者是并列謂語(yǔ))的句子如

1.簡(jiǎn)單句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式

一個(gè)主語(yǔ)+一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)：

thenovelcoronaviruspneumoniaspreadfastinChina

（兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，一個(gè)獨(dú)立謂語(yǔ)）

ChinaandSerbiaarefightingagainstthenovelcoronaviruspneumoniatogether.

（兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，一個(gè)獨(dú)立謂語(yǔ)）

DonaldTrumpisarrogantandalwaysmakesremarksonchina'saffairs

這個(gè)可以從近五年的南京中考任務(wù)型首字母兩類閱讀中找相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)句，讓同學(xué)們分析句子成

分。

2.簡(jiǎn)單句的句子成分

1.主語(yǔ)(Subject)：一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。

Romewasnotbuiltinaday.名詞做主語(yǔ)

IlovespeakingEnglish.代詞做主語(yǔ)

Swimmingismyhobby.動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)

2.謂語(yǔ)(Verb)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”，“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)詞。

Weflykites及物動(dòng)詞

Autumnarrives不及物動(dòng)詞

3.賓語(yǔ)(Object)：是指一個(gè)動(dòng)作(動(dòng)詞)的接受者。賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)兩大類，

其中直接賓語(yǔ)(DirectObject)指動(dòng)作的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)(IndirectObject)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的非直接,

但受動(dòng)作影響的對(duì)象。

Ilovethecutedog.Hegavemeanecklace.

4.表語(yǔ)(Predicative)：表語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的詞或從句，表語(yǔ)

常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句來(lái)充當(dāng)，它常位于系動(dòng)詞(be,

become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之后。

Shewasadentist.Ithinkthemostimportantwayistosellflowersintheevening.

5.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ObjectComplement)：某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，意思才

完整，賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。能夠充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的大致還有：不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)

去分詞，形容詞，副詞，介賓短語(yǔ)等。一般情況下，賓補(bǔ)通常緊跟在賓語(yǔ)之后。

IfindlearningEnglishdifficult.Isawthekiteupanddown.

3.五大基本句型

氣溫下降。(P85)

Thetemperaturedrops.

農(nóng)民收割莊稼。(P85)

Famersharvestcrops.

秋葉變成褐色。(P85)

Autumnleavesturnbrown.

霍波帶給艾迪衣服。(P86)

HobobroughtEddiehisclothes.

艾迪正在看霍波工作。(P86)

EddieiswatchingHobowork.

1.主+謂(S+V)

該句型中動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞(vi./intransitiveverb),后面不加賓語(yǔ)。

2.主+謂+賓(S+V+O)

該句型中動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞(vt./transitiveverb),后面必須加賓語(yǔ)。

3.王+系(動(dòng)詞)+表(S+V+P)

該句型中動(dòng)詞為連系動(dòng)詞(linkingv.),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)狀況，性質(zhì)，特征等情況。

系動(dòng)詞分類：

狀態(tài)類be動(dòng)詞

持續(xù)類keep,stay,remain

變化類become,get,turn,grow,go

感官類feel,look,smell,sound,taste

表象系動(dòng)詞seem,appear

4.主+謂+間賓+直賓(S+V+IO+DO)

1)該句型中動(dòng)詞為雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，即后接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，指人的賓語(yǔ)叫間接賓語(yǔ)，指

物的賓語(yǔ)叫直接賓語(yǔ)。(人間物直)

2)通常情況下間接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后；有時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)后，直接賓語(yǔ)在前，間接賓語(yǔ)

前需加介詞for或to.

HobogaveEddiesomeice-cream=Hobogavesomeice-creamtoEddie.

※補(bǔ)充：常見跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

力口to類：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,read,sell,take,tell,write

力口for類：build,buy,cook,find,get,make,order,pick,save

5.主+謂+直賓+賓補(bǔ)(S+V+DO+OC)

該句型中動(dòng)詞雖然跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，但還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓

語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的作用是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

※常見可以接賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：

let/have/makesb.dosth.

helpsb.(to)dosth.

ask/want/tell...sb.todosth.

see/hear/find...sb.do/doingsth.

要點(diǎn)2并列句

1.并列句類型

并列句是由并列連詞連接，被連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)句子都是對(duì)等并列的關(guān)系（被連接的兩個(gè)句

子都可以獨(dú)立成句）

Kobedied,buthisspiritwillliveforever（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）

Mymotherlovesdogs,fortheyarelovely（因果關(guān)系）

Myfatherisateacherandmymotherisanurse（并列關(guān)系）

Nowyoucanhavearestoryoucangotocinema（選擇關(guān)系）

常見的并列連詞

并列關(guān)系and,both...and...,both...and...,neither...nor...,

選擇關(guān)系or...,either...or...,

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,yet,while

因果關(guān)系So,for

2.并列句練習(xí)

練習(xí)一

1.MexicanandTex-MexfoodswerepopularintheUSA,nowChinesefoodhasmorefans.

A.becauseB.butC.soD.unless

2.---Howwasthefoodinthetown?

--Tasty,______weevenwatchedafreeplayintherestaurant.

A.orB.soC.andD.but

3.---Hello,Joyce,youarebusy.CanIgiveyouahand?

---Thanksverymuch,_____Icanmanage.

A.andB.orC.soD.but

4.Givemeanotherchance,______rilgiveyouallawonderfulsurprise.

A.andB.orC.soD.but

5.“Right"and"write“soundthesame,theydonotmeanthesamething.

A.butB.ifC.soD.or

6.Victoria,hurryup!_____wecan'tarrivethereontime.

A.OrB.SoC.ButD.And

7.Rulesarehelpfultous,wehavetofollowthem.

A.soB.butC.orD.because

8.Smileattheworld,theworldwillsmilebacktoyou.

A.butB.andC.orD.though

9.Helpotherswheneveryoucanyou'llmaketheworldaniceplacetolivein.

A.orB.andC.butD.so

10.Hurryup,______you'llbelatefortheconcert.

A.orB.soC.butD.and

11.1alwaysenjoyvisitingLondon,Iwouldn'tliketolivethere.

A.becauseB.soC.butD.and

12.---Howwasthefoodinthetown?

--Terrible,______westillhadagoodtimethere.

A.orB.soC.butD.because

13.Thewaterhereispolluted______eventheanimalscan'tdrinkit.

A.soB.becauseC.thoughD.but

14.Mikewasillyesterday,______hedidn'tgotoschool.

A.ifB.butC.soD.or

練習(xí)二

1.AlthoughMessiistallpowerful,hescoredfivegoalsintheUEFAChampions

Leaguematch.

A.neither;norB.notonly;butalsoC.both;andD.either;or

2.NotonlyJackbutalsoI—____interestedinreadingfashionmagazines.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

3.Myparentswantmetogetfurtherstudytobeanengineerascientist,I

wouldliketobeafamoussurgeondoctor.

A.neither;nor;andB.either;or;butC.notonly;butalsoD.both;and;or

4.Notonlytheparentsbutalsotheirdaughterabroadtwice.

A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen

5.--Doesyoursisterlikethedresses?--Yes,shedoes.thisdressthatonesuit

her.

A.Either;orB.Both;and

C.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso

6.--Whichdoyouthinkisbetter,iPhone8oriPhoneX?---isOK,butIprefer

HUAWEI.

A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.All

7.--Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?—,thanks.I'dlikesomewater.

A.BothB.NeitherC.AllD.Either

8.---Mikehisbrotherhasenoughcouragetotelltheirmumthebadnews.

---Theythinkshewillbeverysadatit.

A.Either,orB.Neither,norC.Notonly,butalsoD.Both,and

9.Pleasecomeingoout.Don'tstandthereatthegate.

A.both;andB.notonly;butalsoC.either;orD.neither;nor

10.---HaveyouwatchedthelatestTVprogramRunningman?

---Ofcourse!Ifspopularwiththeyoungtheold.

A.either;orB.neither;norC.both;andD.not;but

11.--MyparentsarecrazyaboutRunningman.Howaboutyourparents?

---mydadmymomlikesit.ButtheypreferOdetoJoy.

A.Notonly;butalsoB.Both;andC.Either;orD.Neither;nor

12.--Whatfilmdoyoulikebest?

-TheMartian.Itshowsalotofimagination,hasasenseofhumor.

A.too;toB.neither;nor

C.either;orD.notonly;butalso

13.-TellussomethingaboutCanada,OK?

-Fmsorry.JackIhaveeverbeenthere.

A.Either;orB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.Neither;nor

要點(diǎn)3復(fù)合句

1.復(fù)合句類型

復(fù)合句是由“從屬連詞''或"關(guān)系詞”連接的句子。注意一定是只有一個(gè)句子可以單獨(dú)成句，另

外一個(gè)處于從屬地位。

根據(jù)從句在主句中所作成分的不同，常常把復(fù)合句劃分為，狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從

句；而名詞性從句也可以分為賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句等。

Itisreportedthatchinahasmadegreatachievementsinfightingagainstthenovelcoronavirus

outbreak.（實(shí)質(zhì)上是主語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語(yǔ)）

Thenovelcoronalviruswhichhascausedhugetroublearoundtheworldisadeadlyvirus.（定語(yǔ)

從句）

Iamwonderingifyoucanhelpmewithmyhomework.（賓語(yǔ)從句）

Althoughheworkedhard,heachievednothing.（狀語(yǔ)從句）

賓語(yǔ)從句That,if/whether,特殊疑問(wèn)詞

定語(yǔ)從句That,which,who,whom,whose

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,while,as,before,after,assoonas,notuntil,whenever

條件狀語(yǔ)從句if,unless,aslongas

原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because,since,as

狀語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句So/suchthat

目的狀語(yǔ)從句Sothatinorderthat

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Although.though,eventhough

2.復(fù)合句練習(xí)

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：

1.---Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?

---1wanttobesocialworker.Manypeopleareingreatneedofourhelp.（

A.aB.anC.theD.不填

2.Lisawasstillveryweakwhenshelefthospital.Butafteraweek'srest,shefeltmuch

andwentbacktoschool

A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse

3.Thechildrenall（跳）withjoywhentheyheardthegoodnews.

4.Madeefeltproudwhenshe（升起）thenationalflagintheplaygroundthisMonday.

5.Thechildrenall（跳）withjoywhentheyheardthegoodnews.

6.Madeefeltproudwhenshe（升起）thenationalflagintheplaygroundthisMonday.

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：

1.LinFenghastoworklate,shealwayswearsasmileonherface.

A.BecauseB.IfC.UntilD.Though

原因狀語(yǔ)從句：

1?Thiskindofplantisseeninourcitybecauseitlives4500mabovesealevelandishard

tofind.

A.commonlyB.alwaysC.seldomD.easily

條件狀語(yǔ)從句：

1.You'dbettertravelaroundNanjingwithalocaltourguideyouwanttoknowmoreabout

itsculture.

A.unlessB.untilC.althoughD.if

2.Ifyoudon'ttellmewhattheproblemis,Ican't（help）you.

3.Dadalwaystellsmenottostudyonlyfortests.IfthafsallI'mdoing,hesays,Iwillsoon

（失去）interestinlearning.

定語(yǔ)從句：

1.--Lookatthetextinthenotice.Whatdoesitsay?SchoolActivityNoticeBoard

---ThestudentswhodonotsignupbeforeFridaylunchtime

Pleasesignup（報(bào)名）fbrnextweek's

afternoonactivitiesbeforeFriday

A.willhavetoworkatlunchtimenextFriday

lunchtime.Ifyoudon'tdothis,wcwill

B.won'tbeabletodoafternoonnextweek

chooseactivitiesforyou.

C.won'tbeabletodoafternoonactivitiesnextFriday

D.won'tbeabletochoosetheirafternoonactivitiesnextweek

2.IfsreportedthatJiangsuGrandTheatreinSeptemberthisyear.

A.completesB.iscompleted

C.willcompleteDwillbecompleted.

3.Itisreportedthatthousandsofrunningfriendsfrom25(country)tookpartin2019

NanjingJiangningMarathon.

3.It'ssaidthatanAsianCultureVillageinsidetheAYGVillageinNanjinginthe

comingAsianYouthGamesperiod.

A.buildsB.isbuildingC.willbebuiltD.wasbuilt

4.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionarymyfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillof

greatvalue.

A.whoseB.whenC.whoD.that

5.Nanjing,Iloveyouisabeautifulsongwhichrepresentsthefeelingsand(精神)of

Nanjingpeople.(

6.TikTok,whichis(sudden)everywhereontheInternet,ismakingitswayintoour

lives.

賓語(yǔ)從句:

1.1thinkcanmakeAndychangehismind.Heissuchapersonwhonevergivesupeasily.

A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything

2.--Couldyoutellmehowtoremembernewwordsquickly?

---Yes,Ithinkatreecanhelpyoualot.

A.grammarB.equationC.punctuationD.vocabulary

3.--Haveyoudecidedwhichseniorhighschooltochoose?

--Notyet.IgotoMoonlightSchool.

A.mustB.mayC.needD.should

4.---Peter,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoknowaboutChina?

---Yes,Iamstillwondering.

A.howisChinesepapercutmade

B.howwastheGreatWallbuiltinancienttimes

C.whytheChinesepeopleliketoplaythedragondance

D.whydotheChinesepeopleeatricedumplingsatDragonBoatFestival

5.--David,couldyoutellme?

---Everyfouryears.

A.whenthe2014WorldCupwillfinish

B.howoftentheWorldCuptakesplace

C.howmanyteamstakepartintheWorldCup

D.whomayscorethemostgoalsintheWorldCup

6.We'resurethattheenvironmentinourcitygreatlythroughourworkinthenearfuture.

A.improvedB.wasimproved

C.hasimprovedD.willbeimproved

7.---Areyougoingcampingthisafternoon?

---Atyphooniscoming.Tmnotsuretheroadtothemountainswillbeclosed.

A.whichB.whatC.whetherD.why

8.Beforeyoustartreading,askyourselfyouarereadingthisbook.Mostpeoplereadfor

twomainreasons,pleasureorknowledge.

A.whyB.whatC.whereD.when

9.Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectclause?

A.HismothercalledhimRobbiewhenhewasababy.

B.OnMarsyoumightseepeoplewhowearspecialboots.

C.Mr.Greentellsusthatwe'dbetterusetheInternetproperly.

D.Ourlifehasimprovedbecausetheenvironmentisgettingbetter.

10.-Iwonder.

-Someonewhocanmakemeabetterperson.

A.whenyouoftenmeetyourfriends

B.howyoumakeyourfriendshappy

C.whoyouwanttomakefriendswith

D.whereyouspendweekendswithfriends

11.Someteenagersdon'tknowhowto(處理)withtheirpersonalproblemsandtheyoften

gototherapy.

12.Thetwinbrothersalwayskeep(argue)aboutwhatTVprogrammestowatch.

13.TheteachertoldusthatthegravityonMars(be)onlyaboutthree-eighthofthatonEarth.

14.TheChineseCharacterDictationContestremindsusthatChinesecharactersplayanimportant

(角色)inpassingonChineselanguageandculture.

15.Someteenagersdon'tknowhowto(處理)withtheirpersonalproblemsandtheyoften

gototherapy.

16.Thetwinbrothersalwayskeep(argue)aboutwhatTVprogrammestowatch.

17.TheteachertoldusthatthegravityonMars(be)onlyaboutthree-eighthofthatonEarth.

18.TheChineseCharacterDictationContestremindsusthatChinesecharactersplayanimportant

(角色)inpassingonChineselanguageandculture.

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：

1.Peterissoimaginativethatmoststudentsrecommend(他)asthechairpersonofthe

ScienceClub.

目的狀語(yǔ)從句：

LWeneedtomakemoreyoungpeople(learn)ShadowPlaysothatitwon'tdisappearin

China.

要點(diǎn)4特殊句式

初中階段主要出現(xiàn)了以下幾種特殊句式：祈使句，therebe句型，感嘆句，倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句

特殊句式練習(xí)

Therebe句型

1.Look!ThereaphotoofourEnglishteacherintoday'snewspaper!

A.isB.areC.haveD.has

2.There(be)fourstudentsfromSchoolforthe