Unit2MoralsandVirtuesⅠ.閱讀理解DaleCarnegie(戴爾·卡耐基)wasanAmericanwriterandlecturer,andthedeveloperoffamouscoursesinself-improvement,salesmanship,corporatetraining,publicspeakingandinterpersonalskills.Bornin1888inMaryville,Missouri,Carnegiewasapoorfarmer'sboy.HisfamilymovedtoAftersaving$500,DaleCarnegiequitsalesin1911inordertoachievealifelongdreamofbecomingalecturer.HeendedupinsteadattendingtheAmericanAcademyofDramaticArtsinNewYork,butfoundlittlesuccessasanactor.Laterhegottheideatoteachpublicspeaking.Inhisfirstsession,hesuggestedthatstudentsspeakabout“somethingthatmadethemangry”，anddiscoveredthetechniquethatmadespeakersunafraidtoaddressapublicaudience.Fromitsbeginning,theDaleCarnegieCoursedeveloped.CarnegiehadmadeuseoftheaverageAmerican'sdesiretohavemoreself-confidence.PerhapsoneofCarnegie'smostsuccessfulmarketingmoveswastochangethespellingofhislastnamefrom“Carnagey”toCarnegie,atatimewhenAndrewCarnegiewasawidelyrecognizedname.Carnegie'sworksincludeLincolntheUnknown(1932),PublicSpeakingandInfluencingMeninBusiness(1937),andHowtoStopWorryingandStartLiving(1948).Hisgreatestachievement,however,waswhenSimon&.SchusterpublishedHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople.Thebookwasabestsellerfrom1936.BythetimeofCarnegie'sdeath,thebookhadsoldfivemillioncopiesin31languages,andtherehadbeen450,000graduatesofhisDaleCarnegieInstitute.CarnegiediedathishomeinNewYorkin1955.本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了戴爾·卡耐基的生平和成就。1．WhatdoyouthinkofDaleCarnegie'schildhood?A．Joyful. B．Difficult.C．Lonely. D．Boring.答案：B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Inhisteens,thoughstillhavingtogetupat4ameverydaytomilkhisparents'cows”可知，卡耐基誕生在一個農(nóng)夫家庭，小時候每天早晨四點鐘就要起來擠牛奶，由此可知，他的童年是特別艱苦的，故B項正確。2．WhichofthefollowingisimportantforDaleCarnegie?A．Helpingpeopletogetwealthy.B．Encouragingonetotrusthimself.C．Teachingpeoplespeakingskills.D．Advisingpeopletolivehappily.答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“CarnegiehadmadeuseoftheaverageAmerican'sdesiretohavemoreself-confidence.”可知，美國民眾渴望擁有自信，由此可知，激勵人們信任自己對卡耐基來說很重要，故B項正確。3．WhydidDaleCarnegiechangehislastname?A．Togetmorehelpandsupport.B．ToreplaceAndrewCarnegie.C．Toavoidmisunderstanding.D．Tobecomemorefamous.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“changethespellingofhislastnamefrom‘Carnagey’toCarnegie,atatimewhenAndrewCarnegiewasawidelyrecognizedname.”可知，卡耐基把名字由Carnagey改成Carnegie是因為當(dāng)時安德魯·卡耐基是一個家喻戶曉的名字，也就是說他想要更出名才改名字，故D項正確。4．WhichofthefollowingisDaleCarnegie'smostsuccessfulwork?A．LincolntheUnknownB．HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeopleC．HowtoStopWorryingandStartLivingD．PublicSpeakingandInfluencingMeninBusiness答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Hisgreatestachievement,however,waswhenSimon&.SchusterpublishedHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople.”可知，《人性的弱點》是卡耐基最勝利的著作，故B項正確。Ⅱ.七選五HowLaughingatYourselfMakesYouAttractiveHaveyoueverembarrassedyourselfinpublicandgotlaughedatforit?__1__Andit'sokay—weshouldevenhavealaughaboutthem.●Laughingatyourselfmeansacceptingwhoyoureallyare.Youmayfeelbadaboutyourselfbecauseofpastmisfortune.However,it'snormaltobeimperfect.What'simportantisthatyoushouldbehonestwithyourselfaboutwhoyouare.__2__Youwon'tbeabletolaughatyourselfwithoutself-acceptance.●Laughingatyourselfhelpsincreaseyourconfidence.Whenyou'reabletostayoptimisticandlaughatyourself,youarelikelytobemoresuccessfulinlife.__3__Moreimportantly,ithelpsyourealizeyourownweaknesses,soyouknowwhichareastodobetterin.●__4__Laughingatsomeoneelsemayhurttheirfeelingsevenifyoudidn'tintendto,whilelaughingatyourselfdoesnot.Youmightevenbringasmiletotheirfaces.Don'tworryaboutlosingrespectfromothers,becausepeopleactuallyappreciateitwhenyoulaughatyourself.Laughingatyourselfshowsthatyouhavethecouragetodosoandyou'rebeingrealaboutyourimperfections,makingpeoplethinkyouarelikeable.Justrememberthathumansallmakemistakes.Soinsteadofblamingyourself,trytothinkofyourmistakes,inapositivewayandacceptyourselfjustasyouare.__5__A．Laughingatyourselfmakesyoupopular.B．Acceptyourselfdespiteyourimperfections.C．Youshouldtrytounderstandyourselfbetter.D．Chancesarethatweallhavethesekindsofexperiences.E．Laughingatyourselfchangesanidealimageofyourself.F．Learntolaughatyourselfandyouwillbemoreattractive.G．Thisisbecauselaughingatyourselfhelpsliftyourmoodinfaceofdifficulties.本文為說明文。主要介紹了自嘲的好處，如何通過自嘲使你變得更有魅力，更受歡迎。1．D解析：考查對上下文的理解及推理推斷實力。依據(jù)上文“Haveyoueverembarrassedyourselfinpublicandgotlaughedatforit？”及空后的“Andit'sokay”可知，此空格是說我們有可能都經(jīng)驗過被訕笑。分析選項可知，D項符合題意，故選D。2．B解析：考查對上下文的理解及推理推斷實力。本空格所在的其次段的中心為“訕笑自己意味著接受真實的自己，有時可能感覺自己不夠好，但不完備是正常的”。分析選項可知B項(接受不完備的自己)與本段意義一樣。故選B。3．G解析：考查對上下文的理解及推理推斷實力。本空格的上下句的意思為“自嘲有助于增加自信。當(dāng)你樂觀且訕笑自己時，你的生活可能會更勝利，讓你相識到自己的不足從而做得更好”。由此可推斷出“自嘲有助于你在困難面前提升心情”，分析選項可知G項符合題意，故選G。4．A解析：考查對上下文的理解及推理推斷實力。本空格是一段的中心。本段的意思為：訕笑別人可能損害他們的感情，即使你是無意的，而訕笑自己不會。你甚至可以給他們帶來微笑。別人會觀賞你、敬重你，表明你有志氣。不完備的你會讓人們覺得你是可愛的。由此可得出，自嘲會給別人帶來微笑，別人會觀賞你、敬重你，你會受到歡迎的。分析選項可知A項(自嘲使你受歡迎)符合題意，故選A。5．F解析：考查對上下文的理解及推理推斷實力。本題處于文章的最終一句。最終一句話一般是對本文的總結(jié)，呼應(yīng)了文章的題目“HowLaughingatYourselfMakesYouAttractive(自嘲如何讓你變得有魅力)”。分析選項可知F項(學(xué)會自嘲，你會變得更有魅力)符合題意，故選F。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Thereweretwomenwhooccupiedthesamehospitalroom.Onemanwasallowedtositupinhisbedforanhouradaytodrain(解除)theliquidsfromhislungs.Hisbedwasnexttotheroom'sonlywindow.Theothermanhadtospendallhistimeflatonhisback.Thementalkedforhourseveryday.Theyspokeabouttheirwivesandfamiliesandtheirjobs.Andeveryafternoonwhenthemanbythewindowcouldsitup,hewouldpassthetimebydescribingtohisroommateallthethingshecouldseeoutsidethewindow.Themanintheotherbedwouldliveforthoseone-hourperiodswherehisworldwouldbebroadenedbyalltheactivitiesandcolorsoftheoutsideworld.Thewindowoverlookedaparkwithalovelylake,themanhadsaid.Ducksandswansplayedonthewaterwhilechildrensailedtheirmodelboats.Loverswalkedarminarm,andafineviewofthecitycouldbeseeninthedistance.Asthemanbythewindowdescribedallthisindetail,themanontheothersideoftheroomclosedhiseyesandimaginedthebeautifulscene.Onewarmafternoon,themanbythewindowdescribedaparadepassingby.Althoughtheothermancouldnotheartheband,hecouldseeitinhismind'seyeasthegentlemanbythewindowdescribedit.Unexpectedly,astrangethoughtenteredhishead:Whycouldhelookoutofthewindow?WhyshouldhehaveallthepleasureofseeingeverythingwhileInevergettoseeanything?Itdidn'tseemfair.Asthethoughtdeveloped,themanfeltashamedatfirst.Butasthedayspassedandhemissedseeingmoresights,hisenvyturnedintohateandsoonturnedhimsour.Hebegantofindhimselfunabletosleep.Heshouldbebythatwindowandthatthoughtnowcontrolledhislife.答案Paragraph1：Lateonenight,ashelaystaringattheceiling,anothermanbegantocough.Themanbythewindowwaschokedbytheliquidsinhislungs.Theothermanwatchedit,asthemanbythewind