動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)分析對(duì)于動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，主要考查詞義辨析、動(dòng)詞的用法和搭配、一詞多義以及在詳細(xì)語(yǔ)境中正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。要特殊留意一些最常用的詞匯如get,make,have,take以及與它們構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等。一、動(dòng)詞分類一覽表動(dòng)詞的分類例句行為動(dòng)詞(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)+賓語(yǔ)Hesangasongforus.不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)后不接賓語(yǔ)Hearrivedlate.+介詞HearrivedinWuhanat10a.m.系動(dòng)詞表人和事物的特征和狀態(tài)：be,feel,appear,seem,look,sound,smell,taste等Heseemsangry.表狀態(tài)改變：become,get,go,turn,grow,fall等Thefishwentbad.表狀態(tài)的持續(xù)或持續(xù)：keep,stay,remain等Heremainedsilent.助動(dòng)詞be,have,do,shall,will等，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須與動(dòng)詞原形或分詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)的各種形式Ihaveboughtacar.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could,may/might,shall/should,will/would,must,need,dare等Hemaycometomorrow.留意：有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞。如：Wehavelunchat12.(行為動(dòng)詞)/WehavebeentoJapan.(助動(dòng)詞)二、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一覽表動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成示例例句動(dòng)詞+副詞breakout爆發(fā)TheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeoutin1931.動(dòng)詞+介詞agreewith同意Iagreewithyouonthatpoint.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞comeupwith想出；提出Icameupwithagoodidea.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞makeuseof利用Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtime.動(dòng)詞+名詞takeplace發(fā)生Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlife.三、常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)歸納常用動(dòng)詞come,go,keep,look,make,put,take,turn,get的相關(guān)搭配1.comecomeabout發(fā)生；造成comeacross偶然遇到comeafter追蹤；跟在……后面comealong一道走；趕快comeat向……撲過來(lái)comefrom來(lái)自comeon跟隨；上演；趕快；加油comeout出來(lái)；出版；結(jié)果是cometo(oneself)醒悟；總共；達(dá)到；涉及cometoanagreement達(dá)成協(xié)議cometoaclose/anend終止；結(jié)束cometolife活過來(lái)cometolight泄露；被發(fā)覺cometomind想起；回憶起cometothepoint(講話、寫文章等)切中要害cometothe/one’srescue營(yíng)救；幫助cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)；變成現(xiàn)實(shí)comeupwith想出；提出comeintobeing/existence出現(xiàn)；起先形成；成立comein進(jìn)來(lái)；上市；流行起來(lái)；(競(jìng)賽中)得……名次(comeinsecond得其次名)2.gogoabout此處走動(dòng)goafter追逐；追捕；追求goahead前進(jìn)；說(shuō)吧；走吧；做吧(口語(yǔ))goallouttodosth.全力以赴做某事gobeyond超出；超出……的實(shí)力goby從……經(jīng)過/通過；時(shí)間消逝gobackto追溯到；回顧godown下降；下跌goinfor參與；從事；愛好gointo進(jìn)入；從事gooff離開某地；爆炸goover復(fù)習(xí)；超過期限；批閱；細(xì)致查看goout熄滅；出去；過時(shí)gothrough穿過；經(jīng)受gotoofar太過分；走得太遠(yuǎn)gowith相配(同義詞match)gowellwith協(xié)調(diào)；相配gowrong出錯(cuò)；發(fā)生故障goaround/round繞道；四處走動(dòng)；(故事、消息等)傳開；縈繞3.keepkeepaway不靠近；遠(yuǎn)離keepback向后退；保留keepinmind記??；把……記在心里keepinorder保持整齊；使井井有條keepintouchwith保持聯(lián)系keepone’searsopen留心細(xì)聽；傾聽keepone’seyesopen留心；留意keepout不讓入內(nèi)；不要進(jìn)來(lái)keepoutof不參與；不牽涉進(jìn)去；置身事外keepquiet保持寧?kù)okeepupyourcourage鼓起志氣；保持志氣keepupwith跟上keepoff不接近；保持距離；避開；回避(某話題)4.looklookabout/around四周環(huán)顧lookafter照看lookahead向前看；展望將來(lái)lookat看lookback回顧；回過頭看lookdownupon看不起lookdownone’snoseat高傲；輕視某人lookforwardto期盼lookinto調(diào)查looklike看起來(lái)像lookout(of)當(dāng)心；當(dāng)心；向外看lookthrough閱讀；看穿lookup仰視；查找(字典、電話本等)lookuptosb.敬重lookupanddown上下端詳(某人)lookto希望；寄望；依靠lookon袖手旁觀lookover細(xì)致檢查5.makemakesense說(shuō)得通；有意義；言之有理makeup構(gòu)成makeupfor彌補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)償makeupone’smind下決心；確定makeaneffortto/makeeffortsto努力；盡力makeoneselfheard讓自己被別人聽到makegoodsense/nosense有意義/沒意義makefunof訕笑；取笑bemadeupof由……組成/構(gòu)成maketea/coffee泡茶/泡咖啡makealiving某人makeadifference有影響；有關(guān)系makefulluseof充分利用makeexcuses超借口；辯解makeacontributionto為……做貢獻(xiàn)makeacomplaint提出投訴makeadeepimpressiononsb.給某人留下深刻印象6.putputaway放好；收起來(lái)putaside放在一邊；短暫不做；留出putback放回原處putdown放下；拒絕；寫下來(lái)putforward提出(安排、建議等)putoff推遲；延期；脫掉(衣服等)putintouse投入運(yùn)用puton穿上；上演putout撲滅；吹滅putup舉起；張貼putupwith忍受；忍耐putone’sheartinto一心一意投入putinprison投入監(jiān)獄putonweight增肥putthrough做完；完成；接通電話(=getthrough)7.taketakeaway拿走；帶走takeback拿回來(lái)takeAforB把A誤認(rèn)為是Btakepartin參與takeadvantageof利用takecareof照看takechargeof負(fù)責(zé)；管理takeachance碰運(yùn)氣takeholdof抓??；駕馭takenoticeof留心；留意taketheopportunityof抓住機(jī)會(huì)taketheplaceof代替taketheriskof冒……的險(xiǎn)takeoff脫下；起飛takeup占據(jù)(時(shí)間、地方等)；從事于takein汲取；欺瞞takeinturn依次takeashower沖涼takepridein=beproudof為……感到傲慢8.turnturnagainst背叛；反對(duì)turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身；轉(zhuǎn)過來(lái)turnup調(diào)大聲；出現(xiàn)turndown調(diào)小聲；拒絕turnon打開turnoff關(guān)掉turn…into…把……變成……turnin上交(=handin)turnouttobe結(jié)果是；結(jié)局是turnover翻動(dòng)；翻過turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turnright/left右轉(zhuǎn)/左轉(zhuǎn)turnaway解雇；把……打發(fā)走turnback折回9.getgetaccustomedto習(xí)慣于getacross度過；通過；勸服；使理解getaheadof賽過；超過geton/alongwellwith與……相處融洽getawaywith僥幸逃脫；避開受罰getawayfrom拜托g(shù)etback取回；回來(lái)；報(bào)復(fù)getdownto細(xì)致對(duì)待；靜下心來(lái)getfamiliarwith熟識(shí)getholdof獲得；取得getintotrouble陷入麻煩getintobadhabits染上惡習(xí)getoff下車geton上車getoutof從……出來(lái)getover越過；克服getreadyfor為……作打算getridof除去；去掉；免除；擺脫getthrough通過；及格；接通gettogether積聚；積累getup起床；起立getusedto習(xí)慣于考點(diǎn)練透一、短語(yǔ)翻譯依據(jù)句意將下列句子劃線部分的英文翻譯成中文。1.Strikingaproperbalancebetweenstudyandrestkeepsusenergeticandahealthydietisusefulaswell.(翻譯：_______________________)2.Theycan’tteachchildrenlearning,letaloneofferingtheirpsychologicalandmoraleducation.(翻譯：_______________________)3.Sothewholesocietyshouldpayspecialattentiontothissocialphenomenon.(翻譯：_________________)4.ItisacustominChinatohavesometeaorotherdrinksbeforethemealisserved.(翻譯：_____________)5.Somepeoplesaythatthekeytosuccessistheluck,sotheyneverworkhardandofcoursecanonlyenvyothers’success.(翻譯：_______________________)6.JustasthefamoussayingbyEinsteingoes,successis99%ofhardworkand1%ofthefortune.(翻譯：_______________________)7.Therefore,Iwishallofusachievesuccessthroughourhardwork!(翻譯：_______________________)8.Besides,studyingabroadcannotonlybroadentheirhorizonsbutalsodeepentheirunderstandingofthecultureandcustomsinthatcountry.(翻譯：_______________________)9.HoweverIthinkitdifficultforthemtoadapttothenewenvironment.(翻譯：______________________)10.Soitwouldbebettertogoabroadaftertheyhavefinishedtheircollegeathome,whentheyaremorecapableoflearningandlivingontheirown.(翻譯：_______________________)11.Asyouknow,weChinesetakeprideinouroriginalhaircolorandwearefinewithit.(翻譯：_________)12.Inmyopinion,thosewithdifferenthaircolors,turningablindeyetoschoolrules,arenotworthlearningfrombecausetheyjustwanttomakethemselvesnoticed.(翻譯：_______________________)13.Itisknowntousthatnowadaysmiddleschoolstudentsarediligentintheirstudiesfortheprosperousfutureoftheirmotherland.(翻譯：_______________________)14.Nopain,nogains.ThereforeI’dliketosaytothosewho’dliketocheatinexams,“Getdowntoworknowanddon’tcheatyourselfanymore.”(翻譯：_______________________)15.Thousandsoftreeshavebeencutdownperyear,soinreturnsoilisbecomingmoreandmorebarren(貧瘠的),andmeanwhile,theairisgettingworseandworse.(翻譯：_______________________)16.Wearesupposedtoliveharmoniouswithnature.(翻譯：_______________________)17.Iamwritingyoualetterinordertoapplyforapositioninyourcompany.(翻譯：___________________)18.LiMingisverystrictwithherselfinherworkanddailylife,andisalwaysreadytohelpotherpeople.(翻譯：_______________________)19.Myownexperiencecanalsowellillustratetheimportanceofpraise.(翻譯：______________________)20.Ibegantoputmyheartintostudy,listeningattentivelyinclassandfinishingmyhomeworkontime.(翻譯：_______________________)21.Istronglysuggestthatallofustrytospotothers’strongpointsandnotbemeanwithourpraise.(翻譯：_______________________)二、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Qiaoisasixth-graderatYuhuiPrimarySchool.Heisonly12yearsold1hasbeensmokingforthreeyears.Liu,15,is2Junior2studentatChichengNo.2MiddleSchool.He3(begin)smokingfouryearsago.“Smokingispartofmylife,”Liusaid.QiaoandLiuarenotthoseboys’realnames.Buttheirproblem,smoking,isaveryrealproblem.Inmanycountries,smoking4(become)abiggerproblemforyoungpeople.Mostsmokersstartintheirteens(yearsofaperson’sagefrom13to19)or5(early).Astudyof8,000BeijingstudentslastMaytoldusthatsmokingisaproblemformanyChinesekids.Morethan21%ofmiddleschoolstudentsand6%ofprimaryschoolpupilssaid6smoked.“7youngpeoplestartsmokingearly,theywillprobablygetaddicted8nicotine.Anditwillbeveryhardtogiveuplateron,”saidaprofessor.Everyyear,aboutfourmillionpeoplediebecauseofsmoking.Andifpeoplekeepsmoking,thatnumber9(go)uptoabouttenmillionayearby2030,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)says.10wehavetolearnandtellothersaboutthedangersofsmoking.助讀詞匯teensn.十幾歲addictedadj.上癮的nicotinen.尼古丁goupto上升到primaryschool小學(xué)WorldHealthOrganization世界衛(wèi)生組織三、佳作觀賞下面是一篇摘自全國(guó)英語(yǔ)高考書面表達(dá)的范文，文中有很多精彩且敏捷的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，其中也包含有動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，專心體會(huì)其用法。Deareditor,Fromthequestionnaireswehavereceived,wecanfindthefactthatlessfamiliesaresatisfiedwiththerelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheirparents.Only30%parentsaresatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,fortheirchildrenareconsideratetoothers,diligentandeasytocommunicatewith,andaboveall,theyarehonestandrespecttheirparents.Thedemocraticatmosphereofthefamilyandthetimeparentsspentcommunicatingwiththemcontributetothis.However,about70%parentsareunsatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,sayingthattheirchildrenareselfishanddifficulttocommunicatewith.What’sworse,theysometimestellliesanddon’tformagoodhabitinlifeandstudy.Thereasonsareasfollows:theyaretoobusytocommunicatewiththeirchildrenandinstructthemindo