ARTUnit1WhatisWesternart?Itishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.As

therehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.Perhapsthebestway

tounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.Para.1AShortHistoryofWesternPaintingItis+adj.+todosth.it作形式主語，真正主語是后面的todo不定式?！耙驗椤?；原因狀語從句=becausetherebe句型的現(xiàn)在完成時！譯為“有...”todo不定式為way的定語.在過去的幾個世紀中waytodo/ofdoing做某事的方法TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)(Para.2)DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).“對...感興趣”“作品”adj.原始的；樸實無華的todo不定式作目的狀語begintodosth.開始做某事當主語是抽象名詞時，例如“aim、dream”等，用todo不定式作表語

Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfrom

otherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.conj.“盡管”，讓步狀語從句beparticularabout/over...對……講究；挑剔setsth.apartfrom使與眾不同prep.憑借“尤其”TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)(Para.3)NewideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddleAges.Asaresult,paintersconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes.Theybegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.AnimportantbreakthroughduringthisperiodwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio(1401-1428).InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio'sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.valuesn.價值觀valuen.價值結(jié)果=focuson專注于attitudetowards/to......的態(tài)度依賴，依靠n.創(chuàng)新目的狀語定語從句作賓語(Para.4)Anotherinnovationwastheuseofoilpaints.Withtheirdeepcoloursandrealism,someofthebestoilpaintingslooklikephotographs.WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606-1669),whogainedareputationasamasterofshadowandlight.看起來像...“盡管”作為…享有名望非限制性定語從句“光影大師”(Para.5)Insubjectmatter,theemphasisincreasingly

shiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus.Kings,nobles,andpeopleofhighrankwantedtopurchaseaccuratepicturesofthemselvesandthepeopletheyloved.Otherswantedpaintings

showingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.Finally,mostclientswantedpaintings

thatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.adv.越來越多地

shiftfrom…to從…轉(zhuǎn)為…定語，表主動

定語從句

先行詞作主語

sth.+be+描繪性形容詞+todo

某物...起來是什么樣的Thecakeiseasytomake.蛋糕做起來是容易的。(Para.6)

Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotographyinthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreserve

whatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,ImpressionismemergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet(1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.

賓語從句，缺looklike的賓語，用“what”=therefore/thus因此做某事的辦法=appear/comeout出現(xiàn)(Para.6)Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpression

thescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.Para.1翻譯：在這幅作品里，莫奈的目的是傳遞場景中的光與運動—即場景給予他的主觀印象，而非對場景本身的一種具體記錄。

定語從句，缺give的賓語，用“that”，that可省略(Para.7)WhilemanyImpressionistspaintedscenesofnatureordailylife,others,suchasRenoir(1841-1919),focusedonpeople.Unlikethecold,black-and-whitephotographsofthattimeperiod,Renoir'spaintingsarefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife.Hesoughttoshow

notjusttheouterimageofhissubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanity

aswell.“盡管，雖然”充滿seek-sought-soughtseektodosth.試圖做某事notjust...but...=notonly...but（also）

不僅...而且...“溫暖和人性”=too也；還(Para.8)ModernArt(fromthe20thcenturytotoday)AfterImpressionism,subsequentartistsbegantoask,“Whatdowedonext?”PainterssuchasPicasso(1881-1973)triedtoanalysetheshapes

whichexistedinthenaturalworldbutinanewway,withCubism.Othersgavetheirpaintingsarealisticbutdream-likequality.Stillothersturnedtoabstractart.Whattheya