外研選擇性Book1Unit2

Onwardsandupwards

Grammar-ingandto-infinitiveasobject

語法講解加練習(xí)

TeachingObjectivesTolearntheuseof-ingformasobjects.Tolearntheuseof-toinfinitivesasobjects.Toknowthedifferencesbetween-ingformsand-toinfinitivesasobjects.Toapplythemintheexercises.Readthesentences.aJ.D.SalingerstartedwritingshortstoriesinschoolbJ.D.Salingerstartedtowriteshortstoriesinhighschool.eThesearethewordsthateverywriter

dreadsreceiving.cNevertheless,thesistersdidn’tstop

trying.dNevertheless,thesistersdidn’tstoptotry.Activity11Dosentences(a)and(b)havethesamemeaning?

Yes,theydo.2Dosentences(c)and(d)havethesamemeaning?

No,theydon’t.3Can“receiving”insentence(e)bechangedinto“toreceive”?

No,itcan’t.Answerthequestions.

定義

動詞-ing形式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞。動名詞有名詞和動詞特點，其功能可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語和同位語。本次主要講動名詞作賓語。

動詞不定式也是動詞的一種非謂語形式，有名詞、動詞和形容詞特點，其功能可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和賓補等成分。次主要講不定式作賓語。

-ing作賓語的幾種特點一、只能跟動名詞，不跟不定式的常見動詞及短語動詞：

要點詳解承認(rèn)______；避免_____/______；欣賞/感激______；考慮_____；錯過；_______;享受_____；完成_____/_____；延期_____/_____/______；想象______；包括______；否認(rèn)______；原諒______；抵抗______；建議____/_____/_____；介意_______；放棄___；冒險______;操練________;提及/提到________等；以及短語：putoff;giveup,insiston,feellike;夢想_______;認(rèn)為think_____，___________(喜歡）等。admitavoidappreciateconsidermissenjoycompletefinishdelayputoffpostponeimagineincludedenyforgive/excuseresistsuggestadvicerecommendmindgiveupriskpractisementiondreamofthinkof,befondof1.1.Ioftenpractise_____(listen)and______(speak).2.Theboywasluckytoescape______(punish).3.Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyed_____(share)mydollsandjokes,whichallowed,etokeepmyhighsocialstatus.4.Becauseofthebadweather,theyhavetogiveup____(go)outforapicnictomorrow.二、跟不定式表示將來動作，動名詞表示以前（時間的區(qū)別）常見三個詞為memember,forgetandregret.

1.I

regret____(nottake)youradvicebefore.2.I

regret____(tell)youthatyourfatherisill.3.I

stillremember___(read)thisessayonsomemagazinebefore.4.Pleaseremember____(turn)thelightsoffwhenyouleavetheclassroom.對點訓(xùn)練1.listeningg,speaking2.beeingpunished3.sharing4.going

1.nottaking2.totell3.reading/havingread4.toturn三、介詞賓語1.Hegreetedmeby____(smile)atme.2.Ialwaysdreamof_____(go)toakeyuniversity.3.1.Therearesomeotherapproachesto_____(solve)theproblemsbesidesthese.4.Hehasbeenoutofworkfor6months,sohehasdifficulty____(earn)hisliving.5.Let’sgetdownto_____(do)thehouseworkforMomisnotathome.

6.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_____(set)upaschoolfortheorphans.1.smiling2.going3.solving4.earning5.doing6.setting1.有些介詞經(jīng)常可以省略。常見省略的介詞有如下：

spend/pass/kill/waste/...time(in)doing;haveagood/badtime(in)doing;prevent/stopsb./sth(from)doing...;havefun/enjoyoneself(in)doing;bebusy(in)doing;endup(in)doing;Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doingsth;Therebedifficulty/trouble(in)doing....

2.to為介詞而非不定式符號的常見短語或句式：總結(jié)常見“V+介詞to”的短語：

adapt(...)to;adjust(oneself)to;devote...to;getdownto;payattentionto;referto;lookforwardto;contributeto;limit...to;restrict...to;addict...to;attach...to;tie...to;fasten...to;stickto;leadto;belongto;addupto;amountto;datebackto...總結(jié)“名詞+介詞to”

key/answer/note/solution/access/atitude/approach/monument/memorial/bridge/visitor/devotion/contribution/alternative/end/thanks/access...總結(jié)“(be+)形容詞+介詞to”或“副詞+介詞to”或句式中的介詞to：similiar/identical/subject/devoted/used/accustomed/limited/restricted/accessiveowingto/accordingto/upto/asto/closeto/nativeto/...prefer...to.../whenitcomesto...四、V+doing/done意義完全不一樣的有：1.①Iwilltry____(finish)myhomeworkwiththenext2weeksofthesummerholiday.②Ifyouwanttobepatient,perhaps,youshouldtry____(fish)often.2.①Ididn’tmean____(hurt)you.Sorryagain.②Missingthebusmeans____(wait)foranotherhour.3.①Whentheteachercamein,allthestudentsstopped____(chat).②Whenweclimbedonthetopofthemountain,westopped____(have)arest.4.①Afterfinishingtheessay,wewenton_____(have)PElessonontheplayground.②Thoughitwasraininghard,allthefarmersstillwenton____(work)inthefiled.5.①Hearingthejoke,allthestudentscouldn’thelp____(laugh).②Iamtoobusythisevening,soIcannothelp____(review)yourlessons.6.ThistimeIdidn’tpasstheexam.I’mafraid____(go)homebecauseI’mafraidof____(punish)bymyparents.1.①tofinish②fishing2.①tohurt②waiting3.①chatting②tohave4.①tohave②working5.①laughing②(to)review6.togo;beingpunished溫馨提示：

有些動詞后面跟不定式和動名詞意思完全不一樣，如一下展示：trytodo盡力做某事goontodo接著做另一件事meantodo打算做trydoing嘗試做某事goondoing繼續(xù)做同一件事meandoing意味著做stoptodo停下來做某事can’thelptodo不能幫助做beafraidtodo不敢做stopdoing停止做某事can’thelpdoing忍不住做beafraidofdoing擔(dān)心；害怕做五、need/want/require_____/_______________1.Ineed____(go)outforadrink.2.Theflowersinthegardenneed_____/______________(water).3.Thebabyrequires_____/______________(look)after.六、like/prefer/dislike等。Ilike____(reading)novelsbutIdon’tlike_____(read)novelsintheafternoon,forican’tconcentratemyattention.1.togo2.watering/tobewatered3.looking/tobelooked溫馨提示:動詞need/want/requre/deserve在表示“某人/某物需要或值得被做某事，用動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式。reading;toread溫馨提示:動詞like/prefer等后面跟不定式和動名詞基本可以通用，但側(cè)重點不太一樣，如表示經(jīng)常和泛指動作，則用動名詞；如表示具體動作用不定式。

動詞不定式作賓語一、只能跟不定式不能跟動名詞的常見動詞有：_____(同意），_____(提供）；_____/_____(意圖/打算，計劃），____(要求），______(答應(yīng)，許諾），_____幫忙,_______準(zhǔn)備,______決定,_____拒絕，_____選擇，_____/_____/希望，盼望，______失敗作某事，____假裝，_____設(shè)法，成功做，_____下決心做，_____祈求，懇求做，_____安排，籌劃，______威脅，_____聲稱，_____以……為目的，______猶豫做等。

agree,offer,intend/plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope/expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,aim,hesitate...巧學(xué)口訣：同意提出做計劃。要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定走拒絕。敢于選擇有希望。不餓能做到莫假裝。設(shè)法做車鞥決心強。懇求安排有威脅。生成目標(biāo)不猶豫。對點訓(xùn)練1.Ican’tstand____(work)withhimforheisalwaysrefusing_____(stop)chattingwithotherswhileworking.2.Wemustmanage_____(realise)ourdreams.3.Hefailed____(paste)theposteronthewall.4.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants_____(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.二、“疑問詞(which,where,when,who,how,what等）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語1.Haveyoudecided_____tospendyourholiday?（地點）2.Idon’tknow_____todowiththeseoldfunitureintheflat.

1.working;tostop2.torealise3.topaste4.toprove1.where2.what常見此類動詞有：teach,remember,forget,decide,wonder,show,learn,consider,hnow等。三、動詞不定式作賓語也可以用it作形式賓語。1.Hefeelsithisduty_____(help)othersatanytimeanywhere.2.Ifind____difficulttofigureoutthemathproblem.1.tohelp2.it溫馨提示：

詞類動詞常有：consider,make,feel,find,think,believe,suppose等，而且后面常常有名詞或形容詞作賓補。四、某些動詞如begin,start,continue等后面跟不定式和動名詞，意思基本一樣。1.Theycontinued______________________(discuss)theplanafterhavingarest.todiscuss/discussingCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.Attheageoften,LiuWeilostbothhisarmsinanaccident.Despitethis,hewanted______(live)lifetothefull.Helearnt______(use)hisfeetforeverydayactivities,suchaseatingandbrushinghisteeth.Healsostarted________________(swim)andwontwogoldmedalsattheNationalGamesforPeoplewithDisabilities.Whenhehadtostop__________(swim)duetohealthproblems,hedecided__________(learn)howtoplaythepianowithhistoes.Itwasdifficult,buthekept__________(practise)untilhehadachievedhisgoal.In2010,hewoninChina’sGotTalentandbecamefamousnationwide.Today,LiuWeistillenjoys_______(play)music,andhispositiveattitudeisaninspirationtousall.tolivetouseswimming/toswimswimmingtolearnplayingActivity2practisingWriteareportbasedontheinterviewwiththewordsinthebox.admitdecideenjoyfailregretwantSure.IjoinedtheBoyScoutsbecauseIliketochallengemyself.Ialsoliketomeetnewfriends.Scoutcampwasfun,butnotwithoutitschallenges!Eachdaybeganwitha5-kilometercross-countryrun-at6am!AtfirstIcouldn'tfinishthewholeroute.Onthefourthday,IwassotiredthatIevendidn'twanttogetoutofbed.Ifelthomesickandalmostphonedmydadtotakemehome.ButIdidn'tgiveup.Thingssoongotbetter.IfeltIhadbecomestrongerandmoreconfidentandhadmadenewfriends.Eventhoughbeingascouthasitschallenges,Ifeelitisworthwhile.TheBoyScoutsofAmericaisanorganizationwhichhelpsyoungpeoplebuildcharacteranddeveloppersonalfitness.Todaywe'rewithScoutJamieWells.Hi,Jamie.Couldyoushareyourexperiencewithus?Activity3

鞏固練習(xí)一、

單句語法填空1.Everybodystopped____(talk)assoonastheoldexpertbeganhisspeech.2.Ifyouthinkthattreatingakidwellmeansalways_____(give)himwhathewants,youaretotallywrong.3.Peopleappreciate____(work)withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.4.Itisquitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_____(have)foraswim?

5.Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk___(lose)thegoodopportunity.6.Hedemanded____(speak)tothemanageraboutthesales.7.Hehaspromised______(behave)betterfromnowon.8.Weagreed_____(meet）herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.9.Theboyattempted______(move)theboatallbyhimslef,butinvain.10.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind____difficulttotellonefromtheother.11.Ithinkthereisnopoint______(give)himsuchagoodchance.12.Aftertheearthquake,twothirdsofthebuildingshereneeded______(repair).13.Iremembered________(lock)thedoor,butmymothertelophonedmetoremember_______(lock)thedoornexttime.