閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Medicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引發(fā))thisrelease，includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR,近紅外線)onthedruginthecapsule. Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外線)orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges. ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIR-absorbinggroupcalledo-nitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyaso-soNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer. SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反應(yīng)的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalight-absorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What'smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttrigger?A.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.C.Aciditychange.D.UVlight.2.WhyisONBunsatisfactory?A.ItbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.B.Itfallsoffthepolymerandtriggersdrugrelease.C.Ithasnotcomeontothemarketuptillnow.D.Itisnoteffectiveenoughandcouldbepoisonous.3.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?eq\x(BhcsabsorbNIR.)?eq\x(Partofthecresolis.)?eq\x(Polymerbreaksdown.)?eq\x(Drugisreleased.)A.protectedB.formedC.exposedD.combined【要點(diǎn)綜述】這是一篇科技文。怎樣使用膠囊？如何讓吃藥更加平安、療效更好？文章對(duì)此做了介紹。1.B信息理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR，近紅外線)onthedruginthecapsule.”可知答案。 2.D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段最終兩句“…ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.”和“…anditcouldbepoisonoustocells…”可知答案。 3.C信息理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第五句“WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.”可知此處用exposed，即C項(xiàng)正確。社會(huì)生活型閱讀理解Forallthedinnertable,aglassofmilkseemstobeaconstant,atleastitwaswhenIwasgrowingup.Itwaswidelybelievedthatmilkwasintegralinbuildingstrongbonesandteeth.There’snodoubtthatdairyproducts(乳制品),andmilkinparticular,arehighinproteinandcalcium,andmostmilkproductsaresupplementedwithVitaminDandA.Whileit’swellknownthatourbonesneedcalcium,somestudiessuggestthathighcalciumintakedoesn’tnecessarilyloweraperson’sriskforfractures(骨折)．AHarvardstudyfoundthatpeoplewhodranktwoormoreglassesofmilkhadnogreaterprotectionfrombreakingabonethanthosewhodrankaglassorlessaweek.There’snodoubtthatweneedcalcium.Someanti-dairysupportersclaimthatdairycanleadtoheartdisease.Muchofthisclaimisbasedonhighfatandhighdairyproducts,likecheesesandcreams,whichmayindeedcontributetocardiovascularproblems.Somestudieshavelinkedhighmilkintakeswithariskofprostatecancer;thisseemstobecausedbyhigh-fatdairyproducts,notdairyingeneral.Althoughmilkwasalwaysregardedasoneofthemostimportantthingsweneedforourbones,yetleastpromoted,factorsinvolvedinstrengtheningbones.Perhapsweshouldthinkofdairyaslesslikeanutrientandmorelikeafood.Ifyoulikeit,eatit.Ifnot,findsome_others.Becausesomeclaimsmaynotbecompletelytrue.WhenIeatacream,I’mnotthinkingaboutcalcium,protein,oranysuchthing.I’mthinkingdelicious.()1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEonthemilk?A．Themoremilkyoudrink,themoreriskforfracturesyoumightbe.B．Themoremilkyoudrink,thelessriskforfracturesyoumightbe.C．Thelessmilkyoudrink,thelessriskforfracturesyoumightbe.D．Thereisnolinkbetweenthem.()2.Someanti-dairysupportersclaimthatdairycanleadtoexcept________.A．cardiovascularproblemsB．heartdiseaseC．prostatecancerD．stomachcancer()3.Theunderlinedwords“someothers”inthelastparagraphreferto________.A．dairyproductsB．milkC．foodD．cream()4.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmilk?A．Hedoesn’tlikemilkanymore.B．Heusedtodrinkmilkasachild.C．Heregardsmilkasanutrient.D．Healwayscaresaboutcalcium,proteinwhenheeatssomething.()5.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________.A．a(chǎn)lltheclaimsarenotcompletelytrueB．highmilkintakescanleadtocancerC．it’snecessaryforyoutoreducemilkintakesD．giveupmilkforyourhealth【解析】1．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的“AHarvardstudyfoundthatpeoplewhodranktwoormoreglassesofmilkhadnogreaterprotectionfrombreakingabonethanthosewhodrankaglassorlessaweek.”可以推斷出牛奶的飲用量和骨折之間沒(méi)有必定的聯(lián)系。2．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的有關(guān)信息可以得知文中沒(méi)有涉及胃病的問(wèn)題。3．C推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Perhapsweshouldthinkofdairyaslesslikeanutrientandmorelikeafood.Ifyoulikeit,eatit.Ifnot，findsomeothers.”可知作者的觀點(diǎn)是假如寵愛(ài)就用，不寵愛(ài)就換其他的食品(物)。4．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的“...atleastitwaswhenIwasgrowingup”可以推斷出作者在小時(shí)候是經(jīng)常喝牛奶的。5．A推理推斷題。由“Becausesomeclaimsmaynotbecompletelytrue”可以得知并不是全部的聲明都是完全正確的。由此可知選A。閱讀理解。Thesmallunframedpaintingcalled“Fisherman”wassignedbyalittle-knownItalianartist,Maveleone(1669-1740).WhenitwassoldrecentlyinNewYorkfor$27,000,theseller,Mr.OliverPitt,wasaskedtoexplainhowthepicturehadcomeintohispossession.Pittsaid,“Ididn’tknowitwassovaluable.I’mnotanartexpert.Photographyismyhobby.Ibought‘Fisherman’inItalyin1970for$140.Thepicturewasdirty,andIcouldn’tseetheartist’ssignature.Butanywayitwasn’tthepicturethatIliked.Iboughtitbecauseoftheframe.”“It’samostunusualframe,madeoftiny,silverysea-shells.Theyaresetinsuchawaythattheyreflectperfectlightontothesurfaceofapicture.Inowhaveaphotographofmywifeinthatframe,andI’llneverpartwithit.”“WhenIreturnedtoNewYorkIshowedthepaintinginitsframetoacustomsofficer.ItoldhimthatIhadpaid$140foritbutadmittedIdidn’tknowitsactualworth.Thecustomsmanvalueditat$140,andIwasaskedtopaydutyonthatvalue.Ididso,thereandthen.”“Later,Itookofftheframe,andthatuncoveredMaveleone’ssignature.Mywifesuggestedinfunthatthepaintingmightbeavaluableone,soIcleaneditandputitupforsale.”Asaresultofthisexplanation,OliverPitthadtoappearincourt.HewasaccusedofknowinglymakingafalsestatementofthevalueofapicturesoastocheattheCustomsDepartment.Pittwasnothappy.“ItoldthetruthasIknewitthen,”hesaid,“WhatelsecouldIsay?”Andthenthejudgeagreedwithhim.“TheCustomsDepartmentistoberesponsible,”hesaid,“formakingatruevaluationofgoodsbroughtintothecountry,sothatthecorrectamountofdutymaybecharged.Mr.Pittdidnotcauseortrytocausethemistakethatwasmade.Hepaidthedutythatwasdemanded.If,now,theCustomsDepartmentfindsthatitsvaluationwasnotcorrect,itcannotbeallowedtohaveanothertry.Pittisnotguilty”.8.WhenOliverPittboughtthepicture,________. A.itwasunframedB.Maveleonesignedthedeal C.hesuggestedthatitwasvaluableD.itwastheframethatattractedhim9.FromthepassagewecaninferthatifMaveleonehadbeenawell-knownartist,_. A.thepaintingwouldhavecostmuchmorethan$140 B.hewouldn’thavesoldhispainting C.thecustomsofficerwouldn’thavebeencheated D.Pittwouldn’thavehadtheintentiontobuyanyofhispaintings10.Pitttookofftheframeprobablyinorderto_. A.cleanthepaintingtoputitupforsale B.lookfortheartist’ssignature C.useitforhiswife’sphotograph D.findthepainting’struevalue11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothestory? A.IntheendPittwasaskedtopaythecorrectamountofduty. B.IntheendPittsoldtheframeofthepaintingatanevenhigherprice. C.IntheendtheCustomsDepartmenthadnorighttorevaluethepainting. D.IntheendPitt’swifewasregardedasanexpertbecauseofherwisesuggestion.8—11、閱讀理解---------(D)Forthepersonkeepingajournal,whateverheexperiencesandwantstoholdhecanwritedown.Buttogetitdownonpaperbeginsanotheradventure.Forhehastofocusonwhathehasexperienced,andtobeabletosaywhat,infact,theexperienceis.Whatofitisnew?Whatofitisremarkablebecauseof

associationsinthememoryitstirsup?Itisagoodorbadthingtohavehappened?Andwhy,specifically?Thequestionsmultiply(增多)themselvesquickly.Asonetriestofindthewordsthatbestrepresentthisdiscovery,theexperiencebecomesevenclearerinitsshapeandmeaning.Beyondthevalueofthejournalasrecord,thereisthevalueofthedisciplineitteaches.Thejournalistbeginstopaycloserattentiontowhathappenedtoandaroundhimself.Hedevelopsandsharpenshisskillsofobservation.Helearnstheusefulnessoflanguagesasameansofrepresentingwhathesees,andgainsskillandcertaintyintheexpressionof