2025屆全國(guó)高考真題模擬英語專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：閱讀理解C篇

一、閱讀理解

（2024U匕京?高考真題試卷）Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse'svideogameis

irresistibletomany.Searchingtheterm"simulationhypothesis^^（模擬假說）returnsnumerous

resultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation-aconceptthatsomescientists

actuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewillprobablyneverknow

whetherifstrue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.

The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsof

things-in-themselvesthatareunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,he

saidourmindplaysanecessaryroleinstructuringandshapingourperceptions.Modemsciences

haverevealedthatourperceptualexperienceoftheworldistheresultofmanystagesofprocessing

bysensorysystemsandcognitive（認(rèn)知的）functionsinthebrain.Nooneknowsexactlywhat

happenswithinthisblackbox.Ifempirical（實(shí)證的）experiencefailstorevealreality,reasoning

won'trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,

culturalandpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.

So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifwelive

inacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputer

simulation?^^to“Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhat

wedo.Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptual

metaphors（隱喻）thatarefamiliartous.InNewton'sera,weimaginedtheuniverseasaclock.In

Einstein's,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle（粒子）physics.

Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,

informationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireus

tobuildnewmodelsoftheuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointin

arguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsare

toolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themore

effectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.

Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientificmodels,

developingthe"computersimulation^^metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewarding

exercise.

1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodobychallengingahypothesis?

A.Makeanassumption.B.Illustrateanargument.

C.Giveasuggestion.D.Justifyacomparison.

2.Whatdoesthephrase"contingenton“underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?

A.Acceptedby.B.Determinedby.C.Awakenedby.D.Discoveredby.

3.AsforKanfsargument,theauthoris.

A.appreciativeB.doubtfulC.unconcernedD.disapproving

4.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould.

A.comparethecurrentmodelswiththepreviousones

B.continueexploringtheclassicalmodelsinhistory

C.stoparguingwhethertheuniverseisasimulation

D.turnsimulationsoftheuniverseintorealitiesup.

（2024?全國(guó)?高考真題試卷）TheSaintLukastraindoesn'tacceptpassengers-itaccepts

onlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattravelto

remotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthat

timethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural（鄉(xiāng)村）populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-ray

scansandprescriptions.

“Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,9,saysEmileDucke,a

GermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwo-weektripin

Novemberthroughthevastregions（區(qū)域）ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.

Russia'spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.The

governmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthe

poorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor'sappointmentsbyvideochat

andexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthe

countrylikeKrasnoyarsk.

TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10

monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtothe

regionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock（補(bǔ)給）.Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Most

stationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.

Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain'sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.46I

wasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlecebutstill

stayingfocusedandveryconcerned,saysDucke."Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeople

togetthetreatmenttheywant.”

5.HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?

A.Itrunsacrosscountries.B.Itreservesseatsfortheseniors.

C.Itfunctionsasahospital.D.Ittravelsalongariver.

6.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?

A.Itisheavilypopulated.B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.

C.Itisamodemcity.D.Itneedsmedicalaid.

7.HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?

A.Aboutayear.B.Abouttenmonths.

C.Abouttwomonths.D.Abouttwoweeks.

8.WhatisDucke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas'services?

A.Appreciative.B.DoubtfulC.Ambiguous.D.Cautious.

（2024?全國(guó)?高考真題試卷）Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,most

produceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthe

table.Whilefarmer^marketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm（BMF）

shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservea

largeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleeffortto

achieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,ifsafarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMF

isremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.

Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.

Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.After

harvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod（容器）togetthenextgrowth

cyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions（排放）

fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there9snoneedforpesticidesandother

chemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkor

biketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbage

cansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.46Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicals

inourenvironment,saidaBMFemployee.

9.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?

A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.

C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance.D.Itreliesonfarmer^markets.

10.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?

A.Real-timeweatherchanges.B.Currentconditionoftheplants.

C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil.D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.

11.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?

A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.

B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.

C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.

D.Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.

12.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF'smajorstrengths.B.BMF'sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF'sglobalinfluence.D.BMF'stechnicalstandards.

（2024?全國(guó)?高考真題試卷）Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatext

onscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewritten

wordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften"no”.Thereasons

relatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset（心態(tài)）anda

tendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessful

whenifsonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsof

printreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks——like

identifyingthemainideainareadingpassage-toonesthatrequirementalabstraction-suchas

drawinginferencesfromatext.

Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper'sphysical

properties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyof

distinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwas

orwhereitwasonthepage.

Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled

“shallowinghypothesis《發(fā)說）”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswitha

mindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthan

whentheyarereadingprint.

Audio（音頻）andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachers

increasinglyturntothesetechnologies一say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythe

sameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,they

remembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.

Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresources

notavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionare

calledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidentical

words.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"shinethrough^^inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.

C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.

14.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?

A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.

C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.

15.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?

A.Theycanholdstudents*attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.

C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.

16.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.

B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.

C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.

D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.

（2024?浙江?高考真題試卷）OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm（雹暴）in

CanadianhistoryhitCalgary5ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurance

companieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanes

seedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycan

growintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta-downwindofthehailproject

flights-worrythatpreciousmoisture（水分）isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloud

seeding.

NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissue

foryears.'"Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancecompaniesprotectthe

Calgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,"Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey'reincreasingdroughtrisk

asfareastasSaskatchewan.,5

TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksforWeather

ModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota.C4Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotal

moistureintheair,sowecannotbecausingdrought.,,Dr.Krausssays."Infact,wemaybehelping

increasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground.,,

OnedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojust

retiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.64In1999,1personallysawsignificanttornadoesformfrom

aseededstormcellinKansas,9,Dr.Doswellsays."Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreduce

moisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”

Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,a<Itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.^^

Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheir

impacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,private

climateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.

17.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?

A.Conservemoistureinthesoil.B.Forecastdisastroushailstorms.

C.Preventtheformationofhailstones.D.Investigatechemicaluseinfarming.

18.Whoareopposedtotheproject?

A.Managersofinsurancecompanies.B.Farmersineast-centralAlberta.

C.Provincialgovernmentofficials.D.ResidentsofCalgaryandEdmonton.

19.WhydoesDr.Doswellmentionthetornadoeshesawin1999?

A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseedingmethods.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofbig

hailstorms.

C.Toshowthelinkbetweenstormsandmoisture.D.Toindicateapossibledangerofcloud

seeding.

20.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.ScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandright.B.Cloud-seedingcompanieswill

continuetoexist.

C.Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.D.Privateclimateengineeringisillegal

inCanada.

答案

1.C2.B3.A4.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了哲學(xué)家對(duì)于宇宙的認(rèn)知和信息時(shí)代下的作者對(duì)于

宇宙爭(zhēng)論的看法。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Searchingtheterm"'simulationhypothesis^^（模擬假說）returns

numerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulationaconceptthatsome

scientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewillprobably

neverknowwhetherit'strue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.（搜索

“模擬假說”這一術(shù)語會(huì)得到許多關(guān)于宇宙是否是計(jì)算機(jī)模擬的爭(zhēng)論結(jié)果一一一些科學(xué)家實(shí)際

上認(rèn)真對(duì)待這個(gè)概念。不幸的是，這不是一個(gè)科學(xué)問題。我們可能永遠(yuǎn)都不知道這是不是真的。

相反，我們可以利用這個(gè)想法來推進(jìn)科學(xué)知識(shí)廠可知，作者對(duì)于模擬假說提出質(zhì)疑，是為了提

出自己的建議，建議使用這一想法來推進(jìn)科學(xué)知識(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifempirical（實(shí)證的）experiencefailstorevealreality,reasoningwon't

revealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,cultural

andpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.（如果經(jīng)驗(yàn)不能揭示現(xiàn)實(shí)，推理也不會(huì)揭示現(xiàn)實(shí)，

因?yàn)樗蕾囉赾ontingenton我們的社會(huì)、文化和心理歷史的概念和詞語）”可知，句中that引導(dǎo)

限制性定語從句，指代先行詞conceptsandwords,且結(jié)合常識(shí)，概念和詞語取決于我們的社

會(huì)、文化和心理歷史，推測(cè)劃線短語表示“取決于"，與determinedby意義相近。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimately

consistsofthings-in-themselvesthatareunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectivereality

exists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryroleinstructuringandshapingourperceptions.（18世名己

的哲學(xué)家康德認(rèn)為，宇宙最終由不可知的事物本身組成。雖然他認(rèn)為客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)是存在的，但他

說，我們的大腦在構(gòu)建和塑造我們的感知方面發(fā)揮著必要的作用）”以及第三段“So,ifweaccept

thattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputer

simulation4因此，如果我們接受宇宙是不可知的，我們也接受我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道我們是否生活

在計(jì)算機(jī)模擬中）”可知，作者引用康德的觀點(diǎn)，并在客觀陳述后利用該觀點(diǎn)來構(gòu)建自己的論述，

由此可知，作者對(duì)康德的論點(diǎn)持欣賞的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticles

oranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomake

discoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.（爭(zhēng)論宇

宙是否是一個(gè)時(shí)鐘、一組粒子還是計(jì)算輸出的產(chǎn)物是沒有意義的。所有這些模型都是處理未知

事物和發(fā)現(xiàn)事物的工具。我們擁有的工具越多，我們就能變得越有效、越有洞察力）”以及第五

段“Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientificmodels,

developingthe"computersimulation^^metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewarding

exercise.（可以想象，與之前構(gòu)建科學(xué)模型的過程相比，開發(fā)基于“計(jì)算機(jī)模擬”隱喻的模型也將

是一項(xiàng)非常有益的工作），，可知，作者認(rèn)為爭(zhēng)論宇宙是否是虛擬的，這是沒有意義的，我們應(yīng)該

停止?fàn)幷撚钪媸欠駷槟M，而應(yīng)該著手于將其作為一個(gè)模型來探索和理解，這樣會(huì)更有助于科

學(xué)的進(jìn)步。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.C6.D7.D8.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述政府贊助了五輛名為圣盧卡斯的醫(yī)療列車為俄羅斯中部

和東部偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)每年提供為期10個(gè)月的巡回醫(yī)療服務(wù),為鄉(xiāng)村居民提供基本醫(yī)療檢查和治療，

改善當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療條件。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章第一段"TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedical

trainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwo

days,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural（鄉(xiāng)村）populationswithbasic

medicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions.（圣盧卡斯號(hào)是五列政府資助的醫(yī)療列車之一，前往

俄羅斯中部和東部的偏遠(yuǎn)城鎮(zhèn)。每一站平均停留兩天，在此期間，船上的醫(yī)生和護(hù)士為農(nóng)村人

口提供基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)、X光掃描和處方。廠可知，圣盧卡斯號(hào)與其他火車的不同之處在于它是

政府資助的醫(yī)療火車，充當(dāng)醫(yī)院。故選C。

6.推理判斷題，第三段提至『'Russia'spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedof

modernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,

particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor's

appointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopractice

medicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.（俄羅斯的公共衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)迫切需要

現(xiàn)代化。政府一直在努力提出解決這一問題的措施，特別是在伏爾加河以東較貧窮的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，

包括通過視頻聊天安排醫(yī)生預(yù)約，擴(kuò)大財(cái)政援助計(jì)劃，激勵(lì)醫(yī)生到克拉斯諾亞爾斯克等偏遠(yuǎn)地

區(qū)行醫(yī)?！?可以推斷，Krasnoyarsk需要醫(yī)療援助，故選D。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第四段“For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsover

twoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock（補(bǔ)給）.”（每年有10個(gè)月，

火車在兩周內(nèi)?？看蠹s八個(gè)車站，然后返回地區(qū)首府進(jìn)行補(bǔ)給和重新裝貨。廣可知，圣盧卡

斯號(hào)一份補(bǔ)給可以工作大約兩周，故選D。

8.推斷判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“"Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworking

andlivinginsuchlittlecebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,saysDucke."Theywere

thebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant."（“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么

小的空間里工作和生活，但仍然保持專注和非常關(guān)注，這給我留下了深刻的印象，"Ducke說。

這是許多農(nóng)村人獲得他們想要的治療的最好機(jī)會(huì)?！睆V可知，Ducke對(duì)SaintLukas的服務(wù)持贊

賞的態(tài)度，故選A。

9.C10.B11.D12.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括

減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工

的環(huán)保生活方式等。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,

BabylonMicro-Farm（BMF）shortensitevenmore.（雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴

比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程）”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）進(jìn)一步縮短了從農(nóng)場(chǎng)

到餐桌的距離。故選C。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.

（此外，還有一個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序，可以實(shí)時(shí)提供增長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)）”可知，這個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供

了植物生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.

Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwaste

reductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.4tWearepassionateabout

reducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,saidaBMFemployee.（BMF員工在日

常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃

圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境

中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?？芍?，BMF員工具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D。

12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Whilefarmer^marketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,

BabylonMicro-Farm（BMF）shortensitevenmore.（雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴

比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程）"、第三段"ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFis

remotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Because

thesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Rather

thanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.（通過云連接，對(duì)

BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個(gè)方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時(shí)提供不斷增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該

系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)化的，因此減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每

株植物提供合適的水量）”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireveryday

lives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwaste

reductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.t4Wearepassionateabout

reducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,saidaBMFemployee.（BMF員工在日

常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃

圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境

中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！睆V可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，

包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及

員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。

13.D14.A15.A16.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。主要討論了紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學(xué)習(xí)方式的差異和效果。

13.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningis

generallymoresuccessfulwhenifsonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirms

thisfinding.（當(dāng)閱讀幾百字或更多的文本時(shí)，在紙上學(xué)習(xí)通常比在屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)更成功。大量的

研究證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)）”可知，在紙上學(xué)習(xí)更有成效，以及后文“whenexperimentersmovefrom

posingsimpletasks-likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage-toonesthatrequire

mentalabstraction一suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.（當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)人員從提出簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)（如識(shí)

別閱讀文章的主旨）轉(zhuǎn)移到需要思維抽象的任務(wù)（如從文本中推斷）時(shí)），，推知，此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)“當(dāng)

實(shí)驗(yàn)者從簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向需要精神抽象的任務(wù)時(shí)，紙質(zhì)閱讀的益處就變得顯而易見”之意，所

以shinethrough應(yīng)是“顯而易見”之意，和D項(xiàng)意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershave

proposedatheorycalled"shallowinghypothesis（假說）Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproach

digitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevoteless

mentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.（但同樣重要的是精神層面。閱讀研究人員提出了一

個(gè)名為“shallowinghypothesis”的理論。根據(jù)這一理論，人們以適合社交媒體的心態(tài)接觸數(shù)字文

本，這些文本通常不那么嚴(yán)肅，與閱讀印刷品時(shí)相比，投入的精神努力也更少）”可知，shallowing

hypothesis假設(shè)讀者在閱讀數(shù)字文本時(shí)會(huì)持有一種輕松的心態(tài)，不會(huì)像閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍那樣投入

太多的心理努力。故選A項(xiàng)。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段"Audio（音頻）andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andso

universityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies一say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadof

anarticlebythesameperson.（音頻和視頻可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大學(xué)教師越來越多地轉(zhuǎn)

向這些技術(shù)，例如分配在線講座而不是同一作者的文章）”可知，音頻和視頻比文本更能吸引學(xué)

生的注意力，所以大學(xué)教師越來越多地使用這些技術(shù)。故選A項(xiàng)。

16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段“Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especially

whenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwheremental

focusandreflectiona