備戰(zhàn)高考寫(xiě)作之備戰(zhàn)高考寫(xiě)作之圖片類作文理論指導(dǎo)及實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練要點(diǎn)精析要點(diǎn)精析一、題型指導(dǎo)圖畫(huà)類作文是材料作文的一種特殊形式，是一種變“畫(huà)”為文的作文方式。這種題型提供給考生的是圖畫(huà)，要求考生在看懂圖畫(huà)意思后寫(xiě)作文，主要訓(xùn)練和考查考生的觀察力、思考力、創(chuàng)造力和表達(dá)能力。1．素材貼近生活。圖畫(huà)類的書(shū)面表達(dá)一般都是中學(xué)生所熟悉的場(chǎng)景，畫(huà)面生動(dòng)形象，具有趣味性，體現(xiàn)高考書(shū)面表達(dá)“生活化”的特點(diǎn)。有時(shí)候還附帶有英語(yǔ)或漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)明，考生易獲得直觀信息。2．文體形式多樣。圖畫(huà)式作文主要有記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文。二、寫(xiě)作步驟1．確定文章體裁。這類文章一般以記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文為主。2．確定人稱。如果以日記、回憶錄等形式來(lái)寫(xiě)，一般采用第一人稱；如果是以講故事的形式來(lái)寫(xiě)，則一般采用第三人稱。3．確定時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容及所采用的文章體裁，確定文章所要用的時(shí)態(tài)。4．合理、適度的聯(lián)想。這類文章的說(shuō)明一般都要求考生進(jìn)行適度的聯(lián)想和發(fā)揮，以便使上下文能更好地連貫起來(lái)。5．虛實(shí)結(jié)合、詳略得當(dāng)。對(duì)于圖畫(huà)中的內(nèi)容，該詳細(xì)敘述描寫(xiě)的，就必須要詳細(xì)、具體；可以一筆帶過(guò)的就一筆帶過(guò)。比如圖畫(huà)中所有的時(shí)間、數(shù)字或言論須一詞不漏地寫(xiě)清楚，而有些過(guò)程或原因則可適當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)略。三、注意事項(xiàng)1．看圖記敘文的寫(xiě)作要注意把握寫(xiě)作素材的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物，以及事件的敘述?？梢圆扇〉箶⒌姆绞?，也可按事件的發(fā)生順序進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)。2．看圖議論文的寫(xiě)作首先要認(rèn)真閱讀圖畫(huà)，把握?qǐng)D的意義，有時(shí)還要注意其隱含的觀點(diǎn)與意圖，并聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際進(jìn)行思考與闡述。3．看圖說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作要注意觀察圖畫(huà)材料，找出所有內(nèi)容，然后按一定的順序有條理地闡述。說(shuō)明文的敘述順序一般有三種：時(shí)間順序、空間順序和邏輯順序(比如按圖畫(huà)反映的數(shù)字大小進(jìn)行敘述)。注意文章開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾的呼應(yīng)。四、常用句式1．用于描述圖畫(huà)或引入話題的句式①Asisdescribedinthepicture...②Asisshowninthepicture，wecanseeclearlytherelationshipbetween...③Thesightremindsmeofsomethinginmydailylife.2．用于記敘事件經(jīng)過(guò)或分析現(xiàn)象的句式①Atfirst...then...fiveminuteslater...finally/intheend/atlast...開(kāi)始時(shí)……然后……五分鐘后……最后……②Someweredoing...，someweredoing...and/whileothersweredoing...一些人在做……，一些人在做……，而另一些人在做……③...was/weredoing...whensb./sth.did...當(dāng)某事正在發(fā)生時(shí)突然又發(fā)生另一件事。④Moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizetheimportanceof...3．用于發(fā)表議論或總結(jié)的句式①I(mǎi)fsuchmeasureswerenottaken，theproblemof...wouldbemoreserious.如果不采取這樣的措施的話，……的問(wèn)題會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。②Wecanconcludefromthispicturethat...從這幅圖畫(huà)我們可以推斷……③Ashasbeenstatedabove，wemust...如上所述，我們必須……五、圖片作文的模板Asisvividlyshowninthepicture,________(描述圖片).Itisacommonphenomenonthat________(簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)現(xiàn)象).AsfarasIamconcerned,________(我的觀點(diǎn)).Myreasonsarelistedasfollows.Tobeginwith,________(觀點(diǎn)一)._______(論據(jù)).What’smore,________(觀點(diǎn)二).________(論據(jù)).Lastbutnotleast,________(觀點(diǎn)三).________(論據(jù)).Inconclusion,________________(重復(fù)主題，呼吁人們應(yīng)該這樣做).Onlybydoingthiscanwe__________(美好的憧憬seizeeverygoldenminutetowelcomeasplendidfuture/achieveoursuccessandlivingoutourvalues/).課堂典例課堂典例GuidedWritingDirections:Writeanessayof120-150wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________作文解析第一段表述圖畫(huà)，需包括兩點(diǎn)：三十年前是個(gè)什么樣子，現(xiàn)在是什么樣子。三十年前“我”還是個(gè)孩子，母親大手拉小手陪伴著我成長(zhǎng);現(xiàn)在，母親上年紀(jì)了，我快樂(lè)地陪伴在母親的身旁。其實(shí)第一段還有兩個(gè)需要注意的地方，一是題目要求是一幅圖，大家在寫(xiě)作時(shí)盡量按照一幅圖畫(huà)去處理;二是圖畫(huà)下面的漢字“相攜”比較難翻譯，不過(guò)大家可以意譯為陪伴。第二段涵義闡釋。本段可分兩個(gè)方面來(lái)具體寫(xiě)。一方面具體寫(xiě)明要照顧老人，因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)槲覀兏冻隽俗约旱那啻?另一方面，我們要關(guān)愛(ài)兒童的成長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樗麄兪俏覀兊奈磥?lái)，祖國(guó)的希望。第三段評(píng)論和建議?？梢灾赋瞿贻p人應(yīng)該把尊重和照顧年邁的父母視為一種道義責(zé)任。另外，父母也要關(guān)注孩子的成長(zhǎng)。只有這樣，我們的家庭才能和睦，社會(huì)才能更加和諧!參考例文：Asisvividlyillustratedintheleftpartofthedrawing,thirtyyearsago,therestoodadelicatemother,holdingthetinyhandofalovelygirl,whoworearedscarf.Onthecontrary,therightpartofthepicturedescribesthatwithtimeflyingquickly,thelittlegirl,whohasalreadygrownupasagorgeouslady,issupportingheroldmother.Weareinformed:accompanying.Itiswithoutsayingthattheoldandtheyoungaretwoindispensablepartsinsociety.Ontheonehand,whatwehaveandenjoynowwascreatedbyourparentsintheearlydays,astheoldChinesesayinggoes,"Onegenerationplantstressunderwhoseshadeanothergenerationrests".Ontheotherhand,allofusaresupposedtotakegoodcareoftheyoungsters,too.Itischildrenwhomakeusseethefutureofourstate,fortheyarethefuturebuildersofourcountry.Theyoungshouldconsideritamoralobligationrespectingandtakingcareofoldparents.Meanwhile,itisalsothedutyoftheparentstoprotect,educateandlookaftertheyouths.Let'sbearthisinmindandcultivatethatvirtuetogether,becauseonlybydoingso,canwefeelasifwewerelivinginahappyandharmoniousfamily.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練演練1GuidedWritingdescribethedrawingbriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments.寫(xiě)作思路本圖片的內(nèi)容比較好解讀——人們對(duì)美機(jī)產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重依賴，但在解讀深層次的內(nèi)涵時(shí)，考生需要朝"科技是一把雙刃劍"這個(gè)宏觀的問(wèn)題論述。即∶科技在為生活帶來(lái)便捷的同時(shí)，也給人們的生活帶來(lái)了不好的影響，人們?cè)絹?lái)越依賴手機(jī)、虛擬社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以至于我們忽略了人與人之間的面對(duì)面交流。Thepictureshowsagroupofyoungpeoplesittingaroundadinnertable.Ratherthaneatingthefood,theyareabsorbedintheirphonesWhatthepictureconveyisthatpeoplearenowsoattachedtotheirphonesthattheyneglectthepeoplearoundthem.Asthesayinggoes,"Technologyisadouble-edgedsword."'There'snodoubtthatthankstothegreatadvancesintechnologyinthepast20years,suchproductsascomputers,theInternet,smartphonesandsocialnetworkshaveenrichedourlivesconsiderablyandhavebecomeanindispensablepartofoflives.However,atthesametime.smartphonesandtheInternethavechangedusinnegativeways.Forexample,peoplenowspendlesstimetalkingtotheirfriendsorfamily,andevenwhentheirfriendsarejustsittingbesides,theyjustlookattheirphones.Inaword,whiletechnologyhasimprovedourlives,wearebecomingincreasinglydependentuponitPeoplearerelyingoninformationfromtheInternet,relyingonsmartphones,andIseemoreandmorepeoplebecomingisolatedfromeachotherbecauseofafalsesenseofconnection，duetosocialmedia.演練2如圖反映了一種常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象：拖延癥（procrastination）．請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇作文，內(nèi)容包括：1．給procrastination下定義；2．用生活中的例子談?wù)勀銓?duì)此現(xiàn)象的看法．【分析】這是一篇圖畫(huà)作文，讓我們寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于拖延癥（procrastination）的作文，這需要我們發(fā)揮英語(yǔ)思維，將提供的信息用英語(yǔ)完整流暢的表達(dá)出來(lái)．寫(xiě)作需要用第三人稱，時(shí)態(tài)主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)包括：給procrastination下定義；用生活中的例子談?wù)勀銓?duì)此現(xiàn)象的看法．我們此篇作文分為兩部分，第一部分為拖延癥的定義．第二部分為作者結(jié)合生活實(shí)例發(fā)表對(duì)拖延癥的看法．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)與句型：meandoing意味著做…becauseof因?yàn)閣henitcomesto當(dāng)談到，提到relyon依靠，依賴高分句型一：Althoughwe'vebeenconstantlyremindedthattimeandtidewaitsfornoman，whenitcomestothecrux，westillprocrastinateandcomplainsomuch．此句用了that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句高分句型二：Andthatisthereasonwhyweareinamaterialisticchasenowadays此句why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾thereason．【參考范文】Procrastinationmeansdelayinghugeandimportantdealsonuncertaintimebecauseofoutofunderstandinghowwemustdoit（拖延癥的定義）Iwilldomyhomeworktomorrow.That'sasentencemanystudentswillsayatleastonceintheirlifetime.Althoughwe'vebeenconstantlyremindedthattimeandtidewaitsfornoman,whenitcomestothecrux，westillprocrastinateandcomplainsomuch.（高分句型一）Peopleareborntobelazyattimesandtheintrinsicmotivationlevelsaren'thighenoughtowarrantaction.Thus,werelyonextrinsicmotivationtohelppushustocompletethetaskswehaveonhand．Andthatisthereasonwhyweareinamaterialisticchasenowadays.（高分句型二）Becauseextrinsicmotivationblindsoureyestotheintrinsicmotivationsthatweshouldhave.（結(jié)合生活實(shí)例發(fā)表對(duì)拖延癥的看法．）演練376.Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-l50wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.仔細(xì)閱讀下圖，針對(duì)圖片反映的情況，談?wù)勀愕目捶āＤ愕膬?nèi)容必須包括：1.簡(jiǎn)要描述圖片；

2.分析該情況產(chǎn)生的原因；

3.談?wù)勀愕目捶ê徒ㄗh。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】Fromthepicturegivenabove,wecanobservethatarecruiterisgivinganoffertotheapplicantwithhighereducationaldegree.Meanwhile,anotherapplicantgraduatedfromavocationaltechnicalinstituteiswaitinginlinewithaconfusedlook.Thecartoonrevealsthatthesocietyhasbeenplacingahighervalueoneducationaldegree.Whatfactorsmightcontributetothisphenomenon?Answerstothisquestionmayinvolvemanyaspects,andhereareafewguesses.Foronething,fromthesubjectiveaspect,quiteafewemployersholdthatthehighereducationaldegreepeoplehave,themorecompetenttheywillbe.Foranother,fromtheobjectiveaspect,withtheprofessionsinmodernsocietybecomingincreasinglysegmented,employeesarerequiredtoacquirehigherdegreetofulfilltheirtasksefficiently.AsfarasIamconcerned,educationshouldnotbethesinglestandardinaninterviewtoassessapplicants’ability.Asforthecompanies,itisnotnecessarilyagoodprincipleaswell.Weshouldrealizethattheoperationalcapabilityandserviceabilitycanhelpyoutofindagoodjob.【解析】這是一篇圖畫(huà)作文。要求學(xué)生就圖畫(huà)反應(yīng)的“學(xué)歷歧視”問(wèn)題進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要介紹，并分析背后原因和給出自己的觀點(diǎn)。1.詞匯積累困惑的：puzzled→confused導(dǎo)致：leadto→contributeto就我而言：Inmyopinion→AsfarasIamconcerned完成：complete→fulfill2.句式拓展簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句原句：AsfarasIamconcerned,educationshouldnotbethesinglestandardinaninterviewtoassessapplicants’ability.拓展句：AsfarasIamconcerned,educationshouldnotbethesinglestandardwhichassessesapplicants’abilityinaninterview.【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Fromthepicturegivenabove,wecanobservethatarecruiterisgivinganoffertotheapplicantwithhighereducationaldegree.(運(yùn)用了過(guò)去分詞given作后置定語(yǔ)以及that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)[高分句型2]Foronething,fromthesubjectiveaspect,quiteafewemployersholdthatthehighereducationaldegreepeoplehave,themorecompetenttheywillbe.(運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句以及“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”句式)演練4Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.簡(jiǎn)要描述圖片，并談?wù)勛约旱目捶?。【參考答案】Asisvividlydepictedinthepicture,theboyisterriblyshockedwhenhefacesthesummervacationwithcountlesstasks,suchasvariousofhome-worksandtutoringclasses.Thephenomenonreflectsnotonlyhimbutalsomostofus.Thisisbadforourgrowth,bothinmentalandinphysics.Withlotsoftasktodo,wedon'thaveanypossiblesparetimetorelaxforrelieveourtense.Fast-forwardtoseveralmonths,whenwebegintofacethenextsemester,wewillpossiblybetiredandweaktostudyfurther.However,wehavetoattendvariousoftutoringcoursesbecauseofthestudypressure.Theexaminationisbecomingmoreandmoredifficultandourcompetitorsareallattendtheseclasses.Tofollowthepace,wehavenoalternativebuttodosuchthings.Tosumup,Ithinkweshoulddothecourseworkandattendtutoringclasses,butwhatseriouslyisthatmakesurethattheyfityou.【思路點(diǎn)撥】本文是一篇看圖寫(xiě)作，描述圖片主要內(nèi)容，并寫(xiě)出自己對(duì)它的看法?！揪珳?zhǔn)解析】詞匯積累描述：describe→depict許多：alotof→countless步伐：step→pace選擇：choice→alternative2.句式拓展簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句原句：Theexaminationisbecomingmoreandmoredifficultandourcompetitorsareallattendtheseclasses.拓展句：Asourcompetitorsareallattendtheseclasses,theexaminationisbecomingmoreandmoredifficult.【名師指導(dǎo)】[高分句型1]Fast-forwardtoseveralmonths,whenwebegintofacethenext