2021-2022學年度第二學期高二級英語科期末考試試卷本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，共11頁，滿分為150分，考試用時120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和學號填寫在答題卡和答卷密封線內(nèi)相應的位置上，用2B鉛筆將自己的學號填涂在答題卡上。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，有2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案；不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆在答卷紙上作答，答案必須寫在答卷紙各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應位置上，超出指定區(qū)域的答案無效；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔和平整。第一部分（共88分）（選擇題共80分）一、聽力（共8小題；每小題1分，滿分8分）略二、單項選擇（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）1.Asthefinishedproductwasnotcorrectlypriced,it________well.A.wasn’tsold B.didn’tsell C.wouldn’tbesold D.can’tsell【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：由于成品定價不合理，所以賣得不好。此處sell為不及物動詞，表示事物內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)和屬性，用主動形式表示被動意義。根據(jù)句中時態(tài)可知，陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。故選B。2.Hetookupthepostofgeneralmanager,littleknowinghowthisappointment________hislife.A.haschanged B.changed C.wouldchange D.change【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他就任總經(jīng)理一職，卻不知道這一任命將如何改變他的生活。A.haschanged已經(jīng)改變；B.changed改變了；C.wouldchange將會改變；D.change改變。由前文的littleknowing以及語意可知，他對這一任命將會帶來什么改變并不了解，再結(jié)合前文使用了一般過去時可知，此處應用過去將來時。故選C項。3.Bythetimethefamouspianistturnsthirty,he________thepianoformorethantwentyyears.A.willhavebeenplaying B.willplayChasbeenplaying D.plays【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：到這位著名鋼琴家三十歲的時候，他就已經(jīng)彈鋼琴二十多年了。根據(jù)時間狀語“Bythetimethefamouspianistturnsthirty”可知，此處表示從現(xiàn)在到將來的某個時間段內(nèi)一直在做某事，沒有停止過，所以用將來完成進行時。故選A。4.Rayisanewgraduate,and________seemsthathehasdifficultyindealingwith________problemsarise.A.what,whichever B.what,whenever C.it,whatever D.it,wherever【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查it和名詞性從句。句意：Ray剛剛大學畢業(yè)，他似乎很難處理任何出現(xiàn)的問題。分析句子可知，第一空應用it作形式主語，seems后面的that引導真正的主語從句，itseemsthat…“似乎……”；第二空是賓語從句，arise是不及物動詞，分析句子可知，此處需要一個地點狀語，故用wherever引導符合語境。綜上所述，故選D項。5.Newscame________thefilmdirectedbyPeterwonanaward.Whenwasthat?Itwas2018________hewasstillincollege.A.when;that B.that;thatC.that;which D.that;when【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查同位語從句和定語從句。句意：——消息傳來，由彼得執(zhí)導的電影獲得了一個獎。——什么時候？——那是2018年的時候，那年他還在上大學。分析句子可知，空處1考查同位語從句連接詞，由從句不缺任何成分且表達肯定意義，應用that來引導同位語從句。而空處2考查引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞2018，指物且與時間相關(guān)，在從句中作時間狀語，故此處應用when引導定語從句，在從句中作時間狀語。故選D項。6.Irememberforthejob,butIforgettheexactamount.A.tobepaid B.thatIreceivepayC.beingpaid D.getpaid【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我記得我得到了這份工作的報酬，但我忘了確切的數(shù)目。remembertodosth“記得去做某事”。rememberdoingsth“記得做過某事”被動形式為：rememberbeingdonesth。主語I與payfor在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，所以用beingpaid。故C選項正確。7.Theexplorertookonly________menandthings________hereallyneededintothejunglewithhim.A.those;which B.such;asC.those;who D.such;that【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這位探險家只帶他真正需要的人和東西進入?yún)擦?。such...as...用于引導定語從句，as在定語從句中作needed的賓語。such...that...用于引導結(jié)果狀語從句，that在從句中不作成分。故選B。8.Agoodgovernmentisnottopicktechnologies,buttoestablishconditions________innovationissupportedandencouragedintothemarketplace.A.when B.that C.whose D.where【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：一個好的政府不是挑選技術(shù)，而是建立支持和鼓勵創(chuàng)新進入市場的條件。句中先行詞為conditions，是抽象地點名詞，且定語從句中缺少地點狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導。故選D。9.Asweallknow,everyminute,fulluseofourlessons,willdogoodtoourstudents.A.whichmakes;studying B.whenmade;tostudyC.thatismade;tostudy D.whichismade;studying【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查省略句和動詞不定式。句意：當每一分鐘都被充分利用學習我們的功課時候，每一分鐘都對學生有好處。everyminute與make之間是被動關(guān)系，Whenmadefulluseoftostudyourlessons=wheneveryminuteismadefulluseoftostudyourlessons.makefulluseof的賓語是everyminute，of后面用tostudy表示目的。makefulluseoftimetodosth充分利用時間來干某事whenmade是省略結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B.10.Asasplendidsecretary,Mr.Howellalwayskeepsthemanagerofwhat’sgoingonathomeandabroad,sohedeserves.A.tobeinformed;tobepraised B.informing;praisingC.informed;praised D.informed;praising【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：作為一名出色的秘書，豪厄爾先生總是讓經(jīng)理了解國內(nèi)外的情況，所以他值得被表揚。分析句子可知，themanager是inform的邏輯賓語，inform和themanager是動賓關(guān)系，所以第一空用過去分詞形式informed表被動；deservedoing（=deservetobedone），意為“值得被…”,主動表被動，所以第二空用現(xiàn)在分詞形式praising。故選D項?！军c睛】分析非謂語動詞關(guān)鍵抓住兩點：第一、辨別非謂語動詞的使用條件。一個句子中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞），又沒有連詞，還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時，這個動詞用非謂語形式。第二、找邏輯主語、分析語態(tài)、分析時態(tài)。主動進行-ing，被動完成用-ed，將來目的用todo。如本題中，inform只能用作非謂語，themanager是inform的邏輯賓語，是動賓關(guān)系，應用-ed形式，故確定是informed；第一空確定了，第二空可根據(jù)固定搭配deservedoing（=deservetobedone）來選擇。故選D項。11.Theguidelinesaimtopreventthegrowingpracticeofyoungchildren________inawaythatpushesthembeyondwhatchildrenattheirageshouldlearn.A.educated B.toeducate C.beingeducated D.educating【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些指導方針旨在抑制目前不斷發(fā)展的迫使受教育兒童超前學習他們應學內(nèi)容的教育方式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語為aimto，所以educate在句中應使用非謂語形式。邏輯主語children與

educate之間為被動關(guān)系。結(jié)合“目前”可知是“正在接受教育的方式”，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)beingdone。故選C。12.Deepintothenight,thethiefsuccessfully________outofthegallery________.A.slipped;unnoticed B.slid;unnoticedlyC.slipped;unnoticedly D.slid;unnoticed【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析和非謂語動詞。句意：深夜，小偷成功地溜出了畫廊，沒有引起任何人的注意。slipoutof溜出，溜走；slide多指悄悄地滑動。unnoticed在句中作非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語thethief之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作伴隨狀語。故選A。13.It________myteacherwhosuggestedthatI________toworkoutwhatmajorIwouldliketochoose.A.is;hadstarted B.was;startC.is;start D.was;hadstarted【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和虛擬語氣。句意：是我的老師建議我開始考慮我想選什么專業(yè)。主句為強調(diào)句型Itis/was+強調(diào)部分+that/who+其它部分，陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。動詞suggest作為“建議”之意，后接賓語從句，從句用should+動詞原形的虛擬語氣，should可以省略。故選B。14._________withheavyloadsofteaching_________helaterbecameaneasytargetoftheflu．A.Sotiredwastheteacher；that B.Theteacherwassotired；whichC.Tiredastheteacher；that D.Suchwasthetiredteacher；which【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查so…that句型與倒裝。句意：教學任務不堪重負，這位老師很快就成了流感的目標。在so…that句型中，當so+形容詞位于句首時，要進行部分倒裝，故A項正確?！军c睛】本題的難度較大，注意在so…that句型中，當so+形容詞位于句首時，要進行部分倒裝，正常語序應該是：Theteacherwassotiredwithheavyloadsofteachingthathelaterbecameaneasytargetoftheflu.15.Ifyou____herehalfanhourago,youwouldhaveknownwhatweweretalkingabout.A.arrived B.hadarrived C.shouldarrive D.wouldarrive【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果你半小時前到達這里，你就知道我們在說什么了。結(jié)合后文halfanhourago可知，表示與過去事實相反，主句用would(should,could,might)+have+過去分詞，從句用過去完成時。故選B。【點睛】if虛擬條件句和對應主句的動詞形式列表：條件從句的謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與過去事實相反的假設haddonewould/could/might/shouldhavedone與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設過去時(was→were)would/could/might/shoulddo與將來事實相反的假設過去時(was→were);shoulddo;weretodowould/could/might/shoulddo有時假設的情況并不是以if引導的條件從句形式出現(xiàn)，而是通過一些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在，常用的詞語有with,without,butfor,otherwise,or，even,incaseof,whatif(如果…將如何)等等，這種句子往往有主句而無從句(考試時多數(shù)情況是對過去的假。但是可以轉(zhuǎn)化成if引導的虛擬條件句。分析句子可知，本句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成是if引導的虛擬條件句，表示與過去事實相反的假設。從句為：IfIhadnothadyourrecommendation,主句為：Iwouldhavemissedit。故C選項正確。三、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，每小題2.5分，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AIfyoumissedthebestbookslastyear,there’stimetocatchupbetweennewreleases.FourHundredSoulsAuniquecollection,FourHundredSoulsisanewwaytolearnhistory.NinetyAfricanAmericanwriterseachwrotethe400-yearhistoryusingafive-yearperiod.Eachwriterchosetheirownmethodrangingfromshortstoriestosharparguments.TheworkswereeditedbyX.KendiandN.Blain.Readtogether,it’sastoryofhistoryfrom1619toldthroughvaryingperspectivesandstyles.SetBoundaries,FindPeaceFromthedeskoflicensedcousultantandrelationshipexpertTawwab,SetBoundaries,FindPeaceshouldberequiredreadingforeverypeople-pleaser.Theguidedefinestheterm“healthyboundaries”withinthecontextofrealcommunicationandbackedbyresearchandbestpracticesincognitivebehavioraltherapy(認知行為療法).Itisamust-readfortheoverburdenedwork-from-homeemployeesalwaysworking.HarlemShuffleFromPulitzerPrize-winningauthorWhitehead,HarlemShuffleisahistoricalfictionnovelsetin1960sHarlem.TheinitialimpressionisacrimenovelagainstthebackgroundofhistoricNewYorkCity.Butasthepagesturn,theunderlyingfamilystoryrevealscommentaryonmoralityandsocialpower.Withthepaceofacrimenovelandthedepthofapsychologyessay,it’sabookthat’ssuretokeepyougoingonceyougetintoit.TheOtherBlackGirlWithatelevisionadaptationwithHulualreadysigned,TheOtherBlackGirl,thefirstnovelfromNewYorkauthorHarris,issetinasharedworkplacewheretwoblackcolleaguesfaceincreasinglytenseconditionsthatrapidlythreatenmorethantheircareers.Theworkisquick-pacedandsurprisingtheentirewaywithdarkcomedyaboutworkplacepolitics.16.WhatisspecialaboutFourHundredSouls?A.Ittakes400yearstofinish.B.Itisacollectionofartworks.C.Ittellshistoryfromdiverseangles.D.Itisareflectionoftheentirehistory.17.Whichbookdealswithmoralissues?A.FourHundredSouls. B.SetBoundaries,FindPeace.C.HarlemShuffle. D.TheOtherBlackGirl.18.WhatdoSetBoundaries,FindPeaceandTheOtherBlackGirlhaveincommon?A.Theyarerelatedtoworkplaceburden.B.Theyareaboutracialdiscrimination.C.Theyareinthestyleofdarkcomedy.D.Theyarebasedonthenewresearch.【答案】16.C17.C18.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四本剛剛發(fā)布的新書?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FourHundredSouls部分中的“Readtogether,it’sastoryofhistoryfrom1619toldthroughvaryingperspectivesandstyles.(通讀起來，這是一個通過不同的視角和風格講述從1619年開始的歷史故事)”可知，這是一本從各個角度講述歷史故事的書。故選C項。【17題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HarlemShuffle部分中的“Butasthepagesturn,theunderlyingfamilystoryrevealscommentaryonmoralityandsocialpower.(但隨著情節(jié)的發(fā)展，這個家庭故事揭示了對道德和社會權(quán)力的評論)”可知，HarlemShuffle這本書講述了道德問題。故選C項?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SetBoundaries,FindPeace部分中的“Itisamust-readfortheoverburdenedwork-from-homeemployeesalwaysworking.(對于負擔過重的在家工作的員工來說，這本書是必讀的)”以及TheOtherBlackGirl部分中的“Theworkisquick-pacedandsurprisingtheentirewaywithdarkcomedyaboutworkplacepolitics.(這部電影節(jié)奏緊湊，充滿了關(guān)于職場政治的黑色喜劇，讓人驚喜不已)”可知，這兩本書都提到了職場壓力。故選A項。BAteleven,Idecidedtolearntoswim.TherewasapoolattheY.M.C.A.offeringexactlytheopportunity.Mothercontinuallywarnedagainstit,andkeptfreshinmymindthedetailsofeachdrowningintheriver.ButtheY.M.C.A.poolwassafe.Ihadachildhoodfearofwater.ThisstartedwhenIwasthreeyearsoldandfathertookmetothebeach.Thehugewavesknockedmedownandsweptoverme.Thepoolwasquiet.Iwasafraidofgoinginallalone,soIsatonthesideofthepooltowaitforothers.Thencameabigboy.Heyelled,"Hi,Skinny!How'dyouliketobeducked?"Withthathepickedmeupandthrewmeintothedeepend.Ilandedinasittingposition,andswallowedwater.ButIwasnotfrightenedoutofmywits-whenmyfeethitthebottom,Iwouldmakeabigjump,comeoutofthesurface.Itseemedalongwaydown.IgatheredallmystrengthwhenIlandedandmadewhatIthoughtwasagreatspringupwards.ThenIopenedmyeyesandsawnothingbutwater.Itriedtoyellbutnosoundcameout.Iwentdown,down,endlessly.WhenIcametoconsciousness,Ifoundmyselflyingonthebedinthehospital.Ineverwentbacktothepool.IavoidedwaterwheneverIcould.Thismisadventurestayedwithmeastheyearsrolledby.Itdeprivedmeofthejoyofboatingandswimming.Finally,Idecidedtogetaninstructor.Piecebypiece,hebuiltaswimmer.Severalmonthslater,theinstructorwasfinished,butIwasnot.Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn.ThiswentonuntilJuly.IswamacrosstheLakeWentworth.Onlyoncedidtheterrorreturn.WhenIwasinthemiddleofthelake,Iputmyfaceunderandsawnothingbutbottomlesswater.Ilaughedandsaid,"Well,Mr.Terror,whatdoyouthinkyoucandotome?"Ihadconqueredmyfearofwater.19.Theauthor'soriginalfearofwaterwascausedby__________.A.hispoorskillinswimmingB.hismother'swarningofdrowningC.anoutingtothebeachwithhisfatherD.anunpleasantmemoryofthepool20Whywastheauthornotscaredtodeathwhenhewasthrownintothewater?A.Heknewhowtoswiminthepool.B.HefeltthattheY.M.C.A.poolwassafe.C.Hewaswaitingforotherstosavehim.D.Hecameupwithanideatogoupwards.21.By"butIwasnot"inparagraph5,theauthorprobablymeans"A.hewasstillapoorswimmerB.hehadnotovercomethefearyetC.hewasnotafraidofdrowninganymoreD.hewasnotsatisfiedwiththeswimmingtraining22.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Goodbye,Mr.TerrorB.Hello,ChildhoodFearC.ASwimmingAdventureD.MyPassionforSwimming【答案】19.C20.D21.B22.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者小時候和父親去海灘的遭遇使作者開始害怕水，直到自己游過溫特沃思湖時，才克服對水的恐懼的經(jīng)歷?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ihadachildhoodfearofwater.ThisstartedwhenIwasthreeyearsoldandfathertookmetothebeach.Thehugewavesknockedmedownandsweptoverme.”我從小就害怕水。從我三歲開始，父親帶我去海灘。巨浪把我擊倒，席卷了我。由此可知，我是小時候和父親一起去海灘的遭遇使我開始害怕水，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ButIwasnotfrightenedoutofmywits-whenmyfeethitthebottom,Iwouldmakeabigjump,comeoutofthesurface.Itseemedalongwaydown.IgatheredallmystrengthwhenIlandedandmadewhatIthoughtwasagreatspringupwards.”但我并沒有被嚇得驚慌失措——當我的腳碰到地的時候，我會做一個大的跳躍，跳出水面。好像有很長一段路要走。當我著陸時，我聚集了我所有的力量，做了一個我認為是一個巨大的向上的跳躍?？梢酝茢喑鲎髡哒J為自己找到了向上跳出水面的方法，所以他沒有害怕，故選D?！?1題詳解】句意猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Finally,Idecidedtogetaninstructor.Piecebypiece,hebuiltaswimmer.Severalmonthslater,theinstructorwasfinished,”最后，我決定找個教練員。他一個接一個地造就了游泳運動員。幾個月后，教練指導完成了，butIwasnot表示轉(zhuǎn)折，再根據(jù)下文，“Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn.”有時恐怖還會重來，由此推斷butIwasnot意為我還沒有克服恐懼。故選B?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“WhenIwasinthemiddleofthelake,Iputmyfaceunderandsawnothingbutbottomlesswater.Ilaughedandsaid,"Well,Mr.Terror,whatdoyouthinkyoucandotome?"Ihadconqueredmyfearofwater.”當我在湖中央時，我把臉放在下面，只看到無底的水。我笑著說：“好吧，恐怖先生，你認為你能對我做什么？”我克服了對水的恐懼。再結(jié)合文章，可知作者主要對自己從小害怕水又到克服水的經(jīng)歷的描述。主題應該是克服對水的恐懼。A選項符合文章主題，適合做標題，故選A?！军c睛】標題猜測題。屬于主旨大意題的一種，標題應位于文章之首，概括文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語，或句子。確定文章標題，第一，標題要與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容，不能只概括短文中的某些事實或細節(jié)；第三，標題范圍不應太大或太?。蛔詈?，標題應新穎，概括性強并且精煉。小題4中A選項概括文中主旨大意，與主題密切相關(guān)，故選A。CResearchersattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCentermappedbrainchangesafterayearofaerobicworkoutsanduncoveredapotentiallysignificantprocess:Exerciseincreasesbloodflowintotwokeyareasofthebrainassociatedwithmemory.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofAlzheimer'sDisease,showedthisbloodflowcanhelpevenolderpeoplewithmemoryissuesimprovecognition,afindingthatcouldguidefutureAlzheimer'sdiseaseresearch,accordingtoUTSouthwesternMedicalCenter.Inthestudy,researchersfollowed30participantswhowere60orolderandhadmemoryproblems.Halfexperiencedayearofaerobicexercisewhiletheotherhalfdidstretches.“We'veshownthatevenwhenyourmemorystartstofade,youcanstilldosomethingaboutitbyaddingaerobicexercisetoyourlifestyle,"saidBinuThomas,aseniorresearchscientistofUTSouthwesternMedicalCenterwholedthestudy."Theaerobicexercisegroupshoweda47%improvementinsomememoryscoresafterayear;theothergroupshowedslightchange.Brainimagingoftheaerobicexercisegroup,takenwhileatrestatthebeginningandendofthestudy,showedincreasedbloodflewintothespecificbrainareasthatplayedimportantrolesinmemoryfunction."Manyteamsacrosstheworldaretryingtodetermineifaerobicexercisemightfightmemoryloss.EvidenceisgrowingthatitcouldatleastplayasmallroleindelayingorreducingtheriskofAlzheimer'sdisease.Forexample,a2018studyshowedthatpeoplewithlowerfitnesslevelsexperiencedfasterretrogressionofvitalnervefibersinthebraincalledwhitematterrelatedtomemory.“Bloodflowinthebrainconnectedwithmemoryimprovementisstillapartofthepuzzle,andweneedtocontinuepiecingittogether,"Thomassays."Butwe'veseenenoughdatetoknowthatstartingafitnessprogramcanhavelifelongbenefitsforourbrainsaswellasourhearts."23.Whatisthestudymainlyabout?AOldpeoplehavememoryissues. B.Exerciseimprovesmemory.C.Aerobicworkoutsbenefitmentalhealth. D.Alzheimer'sdiseasecanbecured.24.Whathappenedtoparticipantsafterone-yearaerobicexercise?A.Earliermemorieswererefreshed. B.Memoryscoresshowedverysmallchange.C.Brainimagingremainedthesame. D.Morebloodflewintomemory-relatedareas.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retrogression“meaninthefourthparagraph?A.Growth. B.Recovery. C.Decline. D.Extension.26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Furtherresearchworkrequiresdoing. B.Morepeopleexperiencememoryloss.C.Mysteryofbrainbloodflowhasbeensolved. D.Signsofmemorylosscanbediscoveredearlier.【答案】23.B24.D25.C26.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。研究人員通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)鍛煉增加了大腦中與記憶相關(guān)的兩個關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的血液流量，研究表明，這種血液流動甚至可以幫助有記憶問題的老年人改善認知能力，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以指導未來的阿爾茨海默病研究。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及研究重要意義?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchersattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCentermappedbrainchangesafterayearofaerobicworkoutsanduncoveredapotentiallysignificantprocess:Exerciseincreasesbloodflowintotwokeyareasofthebrainassociatedwithmemory.(德克薩斯大學西南醫(yī)學中心的研究人員繪制了一年有氧鍛煉后大腦的變化圖，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個潛在的重要過程：鍛煉增加了大腦中與記憶相關(guān)的兩個關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的血液流量)”以及第二段“Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofAlzheimer'sDisease,showedthisbloodflowcanhelpevenolderpeoplewithmemoryissuesimprovecognition,afindingthatcouldguidefutureAlzheimer'sdiseaseresearch,accordingtoUTSouthwesternMedicalCenter.(據(jù)德克薩斯大學西南醫(yī)學中心稱，這項發(fā)表在《阿爾茨海默病雜志》上的研究表明，這種血液流動甚至可以幫助有記憶問題的老年人改善認知能力，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以指導未來的阿爾茨海默病研究)”可知，這項研究的主要內(nèi)容是鍛煉提高記憶力。故選B?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Brainimagingoftheaerobicexercisegroup,takenwhileatrestatthebeginningandendofthestudy,showedincreasedbloodflewintothespecificbrainareasthatplayedimportantrolesinmemoryfunction.(有氧運動組在研究開始和結(jié)束時休息時進行的大腦成像顯示，增加的血液流入了對記憶功能起重要作用的大腦特定區(qū)域)”可知，參與者經(jīng)過一年的有氧運動后，更多的血液流入與記憶相關(guān)的區(qū)域。故選D?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Manyteamsacrosstheworldaretryingtodetermineifaerobicexercisemightfightmemoryloss.EvidenceisgrowingthatitcouldatleastplayasmallroleindelayingorreducingtheriskofAlzheimer'sdisease.(世界各地的許多團隊都在試圖確定有氧運動是否可以對抗記憶喪失。越來越多的證據(jù)表明，它至少可以在延緩或降低阿爾茨海默病的風險方面發(fā)揮一點作用)”；畫線詞上文“a2018studyshowedthatpeoplewithlowerfitnesslevelsexperiencedfaster”以及后文“ofvitalnervefibersinthebraincalledwhitematterrelatedtomemory.”可知，2018年的一項研究表明，健康水平較低的人大腦中重要神經(jīng)纖維（與記憶有關(guān)的白質(zhì)）衰退得更快，故畫線詞意思是“衰退”。A.Growth.增長；B.Recovery.恢復；C.Decline.下降，衰退；D.Extension.延伸。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Bloodflowinthebrainconnectedwithmemoryimprovementisstillapartofthepuzzle,andweneedtocontinuepiecingittogether,"Thomassays.(托馬斯說：“大腦中的血液流動與記憶改善有關(guān)，這仍然是謎題的一部分，我們需要繼續(xù)把它們拼湊起來?！?”可推知，需要做進一步的研究工作。故選A。DWiththeseincreasedpressuresanddifficultyinensuringagraduatejobmorepeopleareturningtorecruitment(招聘)agenciesforhelp.LukeHarperwrotefortheIndependentwarningstudentstobecautiouswhenusinggraduaterecruitmentagenciesintheirjobhunt.Thearticle’smainargumentagainstgraduaterecruitmentagenciesisthattheyarelookingtosignpeopleuptotheagencyandharvestdata,withouthavinganyrealintentiontopersonallyfindthemajob.Thefundamentalproblemwiththisapproachisabasicmisunderstandingofhowtherecruitmentsectorworks.Oneofthemorecommonwaysisthatrecruitmentagenciesaimtofindyouajobtosecureafeefromtheirclients.Recruitmentagenciesoperateasabusiness,notacareersserviceandarenotexpectedtofindyouajobwhileyouwaitaround.ThereisnodenyingthatamongsttherecruitmentagenciestherearesomeCV(簡歷)hungry,cutandshutagenciesthatareuninterestedinthecandidatestheyhaveontheirbooks.However,nowadaystheseareintheminorityanddon’ttendtolastverylong.PaulFarrer,ChiefExecutiveofaleadingrecruitmentagencyisworriedthatafewbadapplesareruiningthereputationofwhatisanexcellentsector.Farrersaid“Thetroublewithsuchanimbalancedandmisleadingarticleisthatsomegraduatesmaynowbeputoffapproachingrecruitmentagencieswhomaywellbeabletohelpthem.”Professionalsintheindustryarecautiousofhowsomeofthelessrespectableagenciesoperate.Earnestrecruitersbelievethatgraduatesshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheseagencieswilltakeongraduatesforalltheirdetailsratherthanhelpingthemfindajob,likeHarpermentioned.Tofightthis,Farraradvisesthat“Graduatesshouldhaveasimplechecklistbeforeapproachinganyagency.Hastheagencytakenthetimetotalktome?Havetheyinvitedmetoaface-to-facemeeting?HavetheyguaranteednottoforwardmyCVtoanyemployerwithoutmypermission?Thesethreestepswillsafeguardeveryapplication.”Farreralsopointedoutthatthatisnottheonlysafetynetthatgraduatescanrelyon.Hesaid“GraduatescanalsochecktoseeiftheagenciesaremembersofeitherAPSCoortheREC,thetwotradebodiestheycanmakeanofficialcomplaintto.Thevastmajorityofrecruitmentagenciesareprofessionalorganizationsthathelpplacethousandsofgraduateseveryyearandpoorlyresearchedarticleshelpnoone.”27.Themainpurposeofthispassageis______graduaterecruitmentagencies.A.toadvisereaderstobecautiousofB.toargueagainstsomemisjudgmentagainstC.toexplainwhythereisaprejudiceagainstD.toseekthesolutionstotheproblemscausedby28.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?A.LukeHarperholdsthesameideaaboutjobswithPaulFarrer.B.Recruitmentagenciesactuallydothesameworkasacareersservice.C.Jobhunters’detailedinformationisofvaluetorecruitmentagencies.D.AmemberofAPSCoortheRECwillnotcheatitsclients.29.WhatadvicedoesPaulFarrergivegraduatestoavoidlessrespectableagencies?A.Consultingprofessionalsbeforegivingtheirpersonaldetailstoanagency.B.Makingaface-to-faceinvestigationintoanagencybeforeapproachingit.C.GuaranteeingthattheagencywillnotforwardtheirCVtoanyemployer.D.Selectingsomeagenciesthataremonitoredbyofficialtradebodies.30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsgraduaterecruitmentagencies?A.Neutral. B.Positive. C.Negative. D.NotClear.【答案】27.B28.C29.D30.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章批判了一些招聘機構(gòu)不對應聘者負責，只是收集他們的私人信息，并建議畢業(yè)生也要檢查看看招聘機構(gòu)是不是正規(guī)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thearticle’smainargumentagainstgraduaterecruitmentagenciesisthattheyarelookingtosignpeopleuptotheagencyandharvestdata,withouthavinganyrealintentiontopersonallyfindthemajob.(這篇文章反對畢業(yè)生招聘機構(gòu)的主要論點是，他們只是想讓人們簽約，收集數(shù)據(jù)，而沒有任何親自為他們找到工作的真正意圖)”可知，這篇文章的主要目的是反對一些對畢業(yè)生招聘機構(gòu)的錯誤判斷。故選B項?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Earnestrecruitersbelievethatgraduatesshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheseagencieswilltakeongraduatesforalltheirdetailsratherthanhelpingthemfindajob,likeHarpermentioned.(認真的招聘人員認為，畢業(yè)生應該意識到，有些中介會根據(jù)畢業(yè)生的細節(jié)來招聘他們，而不是像哈珀提到的那樣幫助他們找到工作)”可知，求職者的詳細信息對招聘機構(gòu)很有價值。故選C項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“GraduatescanalsochecktoseeiftheagenciesaremembersofeitherAPSCoortheREC,thetwotradebodiestheycanmakeanofficialcomplaintto.Thevastmajorityofrecruitmentagenciesareprofessionalorganizationsthathelpplacethousandsofgraduateseveryyearandpoorlyresearchedarticleshelpnoone.(畢業(yè)生亦可查詢有關(guān)機構(gòu)是否屬APSCo或REC的成員，他們可向這兩個貿(mào)易團體提出正式投訴。絕大多數(shù)的招聘機構(gòu)都是專業(yè)的組織，每年都幫助成千上萬的畢業(yè)生，而研究不足的文章對任何人都沒有幫助)”可知，保羅·法瑞爾認為，畢業(yè)生應該選擇一些由官方行業(yè)機構(gòu)監(jiān)管的中介機構(gòu)，以避免不那么受人尊敬的中介機構(gòu)。故選D項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,nowadaystheseareintheminorityanddon’ttendtolastverylong.(然而現(xiàn)在這樣的不良機構(gòu)畢竟是少數(shù)，而且都不會長久)”可見，作者對畢業(yè)生招聘機構(gòu)持積極的態(tài)度。故選B項。第二節(jié)閱讀填空（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）RichandFamousTwentyyearsagothemostcommonambitionofAmericanchildrenwastobeateacher,followedbyworkinginbankingandfinance,andthenmedicine.Buttoday’ssituationisquitedifferent.____31____.Instead,theymostcommonlysaytheywanttobeasportsstar,apopstar,oranactor—inotherwords,theyhopetobecomeacelebrity.Accordingtoexperts,youngpeopledesirethesejobslargelybecauseofthewealthandthefame.____32____.Let’stakeathletesandsingersasanexample.Manyathletes’besttimeonlylastsafewyearsandsingerscanhaveaverylimitedcareer.Thefieldthatwasoncethefocusoftheirlivesbecomessomethingtheyhavelittleornoinvolvementin.Asaresult,they’llhaveafeelingofworthlessnessandalackofcontrol.Besides,itcanbedifficultforthemtoadaptbacktoanormaleverydaylife.____33____Theyarenotsatisfiedwithjustmakingaliving—theywanttoberichandfamous.Globally,moreandmoreTVshowsprovidetalentcompetitionswherewinnerscanachievetheirgoalsinjustafewweeksormonths.Thisquickwayofgainingwealthandfamecreatesacelebritycultureamongpeople.____34____Whilemanypeoplearguethatthereisnothingwrongwithhavingsuchambitions,othersfeelthatthistrendwillfinallyleadtodissatisfactionasmoreandmorepeopleareunabletoreachtheirgoals.____35____Thatmeanstheyignorethesimplefactthatgreateffortisneededbeforesuccess.Asaresult,manypeoplewon’trealizetheirchildhooddreams,whichcouldhaveanegativeeffectontheirhappiness.A.Theydon’tvaluetalentsanymore.B.Nowadaystheyoungergenerationpreferexcitement.C.Theyoungergenerationdon’tfavortheseprofessionsanymore.D.Unfortunately,theydonotalwayshaveapositiveeffectonpeople’slife.E.Thereasonisthattheydon’trealizeittakestalentandhardworktoberichandfamous.F.Evenso,thereisgreaterambitionthaneveramongyoungpeopletoachievethatstatus.G.Theyunrealisticallybelievethatthislifestyleiseasilyobtainedandleadstogreatsatisfaction.【答案】31.C32.D33.F34.G35.E【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章說明了現(xiàn)在美國兒童心目中向往職業(yè)的變化過程，變化原因和其現(xiàn)實性?！?1題詳解】前文"TwentyyearsagothemostcommonambitionofAmericanchildrenwastobeateache，followedbyworkinginbankingandfinance，andthenmedicine."（20年前，美國孩子最普遍的抱負是當一名教師，然后是在銀行和金融業(yè)工作，然后是醫(yī)學。）講述了20年前美國兒童心目中向往的職業(yè)；根據(jù)設空前的“Buttoday’ssituationisquitedifferent.”（但今天的情況完全不同。）可推斷，現(xiàn)在的年輕人的抱負發(fā)生了改變；C選項年輕一代不再喜歡這些職業(yè)了”符合語境。故選C?！?2題詳解】前文"Accordingtoexperts，youngpeopledesirethesejobslargelybecauseofthewealthandthefame"(據(jù)專家表示，年輕人渴望這些工作很大程度上是因為財富和名聲)說明了年輕人選擇這些職業(yè)的原因；后文“Let’stakeathletesandsingersasanexample.Manyathletes’besttimeonlylastsafewyearsandsingerscanhaveaverylimitedcareer.”（讓我們以運動員和歌手為例。許多運動員的最佳時期只持續(xù)幾年，歌手的職業(yè)生涯也很有限。）舉例說明了這些職業(yè)并不總是那么光鮮，也有其局限性；D選項“不幸的是，他們并不總是對人們的生活產(chǎn)生積極的影響?！笔菍ι暇涞倪M一步說明，they與thewealthandthefame對應；且下文運動員和歌手的例子也驗證了D選項要表達的意思。故選D?！?3題詳解】前文“Asaresult,they’llhaveafeelingofworthlessnessandalackofcontrol.Besides,itcanbedifficultforthemtoadaptbacktoanormaleverydaylife.”（因此，他們會有一種自己毫無價值和缺乏控制的感覺。此外，他們很難適應正常的日常生活。）說明了運動員歌手這些職業(yè)的負面影響；后文“Theyarenotsatisfiedwithjustmakingaliving—theywanttoberichandfamous.”（他們不滿足于僅僅謀生——他們想變得富有和出名。）說明了年輕人的夢想并沒有發(fā)生變化，他們?nèi)匀幌胱非筘敻缓兔?；F選項“即便如此，年輕人也比以往任何時候都有更大的野心去獲得這種地位?！敝械膕o與前文這些職業(yè)的負面影響對應，ambition與后文的berichandfamous對應，所以F選項起到了承上啟下的作用。故選